arnica • Cherry Plum • Clematus • Impatiens • Rock Rose • Self Heal • Star of Bethlehem flowers. Other Ingredients: Distilled Water, Vegetable Glycerin.
Brand name products often contain multiple ingredients. To read detailed information about each ingredient, click on the link for the individual ingredient shown above.
This is a homeopathic preparation. Homeopathy is a system of medicine established in the 19th century by a German physician named Samuel Hahnemann. Its basic principles are that "like treats like" and "potentiation through dilution." For example, in homeopathy, diarrhea would be treated with an extreme dilution of a substance that normally causes diarrhea when taken in high doses.
Practitioners of homeopathy believe that more dilute preparations are more potent. Many homeopathic preparations are so diluted that they contain little or no active ingredient. Therefore, most homeopathic products are not expected to have any pharmacological effects, drug interactions, or other harmful effects. Any beneficial effects are controversial and cannot be explained by current scientific methods.
Dilutions of 1 to 10 are designated by an "X." So a 1X dilution = 1:10, 3X=1:1000; 6X=1:1,000,000. Dilutions of 1 to 100 are designated by a "C." So a 1C dilution = 1:100; 3C = 1:1,000,000. Dilutions of 24X or 12C or more contain zero molecules of the original active ingredient.
Homeopathic products are permitted for sale in the US due to legislation passed in 1938 sponsored by a homeopathic physician who was also a Senator. The law still requires that the FDA allow the sale of products listed in the Homeopathic Pharmacopeia of the United States. However, homeopathic preparations are not held to the same safety and effectiveness standards as conventional medicines. For more information, see the Homeopathy monograph.
Below is general information about the effectiveness of the known ingredients contained in the product First Aid Shock Rescue EFR. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
There is insufficient reliable information available about the effectiveness of rock rose.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
There is insufficient reliable information available about the effectiveness of star of Bethlehem.
Below is general information about the safety of the known ingredients contained in the product First Aid Shock Rescue EFR. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally in amounts commonly found in foods. Arnica has Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) status for use as a food flavoring in the US (4912). However, Canadian regulations do not allow its use as a food ingredient (12). ...when used orally in homeopathic dilutions of 30C and up to 5C (19110,19111,19117,19124,19126,96769). ...when used topically on unbroken skin, short-term (12).
LIKELY UNSAFE ...when used orally or when applied topically to broken skin. Arnica is considered poisonous and has caused severe or fatal poisonings (5). Arnica can cause gastroenteritis, muscle paralysis, bleeding, arrhythmia, hypertension, shortness of breath, nausea and vomiting, multi-organ failure, and death (4,5,17,104,19101,19102,19103,19104,19105,19106,19107,19108).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: LIKELY UNSAFE
when used orally or topically; avoid using (12).
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of rock rose.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of self-heal.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
LIKELY UNSAFE ...when used orally. Star of Bethlehem contains toxic cardiac glycosides (15330,15331,15332,15333). Ingestion of star of Bethlehem could result in serious adverse effects including cardiac arrhythmia and death.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: LIKELY UNSAFE
when used orally.
Star of Bethlehem contains toxic cardiac glycosides (15330,15331,15332,15333). Ingestion of star of Bethlehem could result in serious adverse effects.
Below is general information about the interactions of the known ingredients contained in the product First Aid Shock Rescue EFR. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
Theoretically, arnica might have additive effects with anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs. Homeopathic arnica preparations are unlikely to have this interaction.
Details
In vitro evidence shows that sesquiterpene lactones in arnica flowers can decrease platelet aggregation (104). However, this effect has not been reported in humans.
|
Theoretically, taking star of Bethlehem with prolonged corticosteroid therapy might increase the risk of toxicity.
Details
|
Theoretically, taking star of Bethlehem in combination with digoxin might have additive effects and increase the risk of toxicity.
Details
|
Theoretically, taking diuretics with star of Bethlehem might increase the risk of toxicity.
Details
|
Theoretically, taking macrolide antibiotics with star of Bethlehem might increase the risk of cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Details
Star of Bethlehem contains cardiac glycosides (15330,15331). Macrolide antibiotics appear to increase the gastrointestinal absorption of oral digoxin. Theoretically, concomitant use of macrolide antibiotics might increase the absorption of the cardiac glycosides found in star of Bethlehem and increase the risk of adverse effects (17).
|
Theoretically, taking quinine with star of Bethlehem might increase the risk of cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Details
|
Theoretically, excessive use of stimulant laxatives with star of Bethlehem might increase the risk of toxicity.
Details
|
Theoretically, taking tetracycline antibiotics with star of Bethlehem might increase the risk of cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Details
Star of Bethlehem contains cardiac glycosides similar to digitalis (15330,15331). Tetracycline antibiotics appear to increase the gastrointestinal absorption of oral digoxin. Theoretically, concomitant use of tetracycline antibiotics might increase the absorption of the cardiac glycosides found in star of Bethlehem and increase the risk of adverse effects (17).
|
Below is general information about the adverse effects of the known ingredients contained in the product First Aid Shock Rescue EFR. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
General
...Orally, arnica is unsafe and can cause toxicity.
When used in homeopathic amounts, arnica seem to be generally well tolerated. Topically, arnica also seems to be generally well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Bleeding, gastroenteritis, hypertension, muscle paralysis, nausea and vomiting, shortness of breath.
Topically: Contact dermatitis and irritation.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: Arrhythmia, coma, multi-organ failure, and death.
Cardiovascular ...Orally, arnica can cause tachycardia or a faster heart rate (11,17113,19101,19102). A 24-year-old female presented to the emergency department with palpitations and vomiting 24 hours after ingesting a cup of tea that reportedly contained arnica flowers picked from her local area of mountainous Southern California. The species was not specified in the article and there was no indication by the authors that any testing had been done to confirm the identity of the plant (90610).
Dermatologic ...Orally, arnica can cause irritation of mucous membranes (11,17113). Topically, arnica can cause contact itchiness, dry skin, and rash (17113). Oral lesions resulted in a woman who used a mouthwash incorrectly by not following dilution instructions. The mouthwash was 70% alcohol and contained arnica and oil of peppermint (19106).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, arnica can cause stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea (11,17113,19101,19102). Homeopathic arnica has been reported to cause dry mouth (30C) and sore tongue (6C) (19107). A 24-year-old female presented to the emergency department with palpitations and vomiting 24 hours after ingesting a cup of tea that reportedly contained arnica flowers picked from her local area of mountainous Southern California. The species was not specified in the article and there was no indication by the authors that any testing had been done to confirm the identity of the plant (90610).
Musculoskeletal ...Adverse effects after ingesting arnica include muscle weakness (19101). Homeopathic arnica has been reported to result in the feeling of a "throbby" head or neck (19107).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, arnica may cause drowsiness, nervousness, and headache (11,17113,19101,19107).
Ocular/Otic ...In a case report, accidental intake of a large amount of a homeopathic Arnica-30 resulted in acute vision loss due to bilateral toxic optic neuropathy (19105).
Psychiatric ...Oral homeopathic arnica (6C) may cause depressed feelings, specifically a feeling of unhappiness (19107).
Pulmonary/Respiratory ...Orally, arnica can cause shortness of breath (11,17113).
General ...According to secondary sources, jewelweed has a high mineral content, particularly calcium oxalate; consumption of excess amounts is considered dangerous.
General ...No adverse effects have been reported. However, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.
General ...Orally, self-heal has been reported to cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Orally and topically, self-heal has been reported to cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals (12).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, self-heal has been reported to cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea (12). A combination product containing self-heal, Clematis mandshurica, and Chinese cucumber has been reported to cause epigastric pain, abdominal discomfort, nausea, reduced appetite, and dyspepsia. It is not clear if these effects are due to self-heal, the other ingredients, or the combination (101041).
Immunologic ...Orally and topically, self-heal has been reported to cause allergic reactions, including rashes and swelling of the throat, lips, and tongue, in sensitive individuals (12).
General
...Star of Bethlehem contains cardiac glycosides, which can cause serious adverse effects.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: Star of Bethlehem contains toxic cardiac glycosides that can cause cardiac arrhythmia and death.
Cardiovascular ...Orally, the cardiac glycosides in star of Bethlehem can cause cardiac arrhythmias (2).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, the cardiac glycosides in star of Bethlehem can cause nausea and vomiting (2).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, the cardiac glycosides in star of Bethlehem can cause headache and stupor (18). Visual color disturbances can also occur (18).