Ingredients | Amount Per Capsule |
---|---|
Proprietary Blend
|
525 mg |
(leaf)
(Ce Bai Ye)
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(root, tail)
(Dang Gui Wai)
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(rhizome)
(Shi Chang Pu)
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(rhizome)
(Chuan Xiong)
|
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(Lycium )
(berry root bark)
(Di Gu Pi)
|
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(seed)
(Tu Si Zi)
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Psoralea
(Psoralea )
(fruit)
(Bu Gu Zhi)
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(Rehmannia )
(root)
(Sheng Di Huang)
(fresh)
(Rehmannia (Alt. Name: Sheng Di Huang) PlantPart: root Genus: Rehmannia Note: fresh )
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(Polygala )
(root)
(Yuan Zhi)
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(Atractylodes )
(rhizome)
(Bai Zhu)
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Capsules of plant origin (Form: Cellulose)
Below is general information about the effectiveness of the known ingredients contained in the product Hair. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
There is insufficient reliable information available about the effectiveness of calamus.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
There is insufficient reliable information is available about the effectiveness of oriental arborvitae.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
Below is general information about the safety of the known ingredients contained in the product Hair. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of atractylodes.
PREGNANCY: POSSIBLY UNSAFE
when used orally.
In animals, atractylodes has caused reproductive toxicity, including fetal death, as well as changes in gestation, growth, and skeletal formation (94304).
LACTATION:
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of atractylodes when used during breast-feeding.
LIKELY UNSAFE ...when used orally. The FDA prohibits calamus use in food products due to evidence of carcinogenic effects in animals receiving high doses of a calamus strain high in beta-asarone (93978,94727,94728). However, the beta-asarone content can vary widely among species from 0% to 96% (6); some products may be safer than others. There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of calamus when used topically.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: LIKELY UNSAFE
when used orally; avoid using (4,500).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately, short-term. Dodder seed extract has been used safely at doses of up to 2 grams daily for up to 15 days (99156). The powder of dodder aerial parts has been used safely at doses of up to 2 grams daily for up to 8 weeks (99157). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of dodder when used in higher doses or for longer time periods.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately. Dong quai has been used with apparent safety in a dose of 4.5 grams daily for 24 weeks, or in combination with other ingredients in doses of up to 150 mg daily for up to 6 months (19552,35797). ...when used intravenously as a 25% solution, in a dose of 200-250 mL daily for up to 20 days (48438,48442,48443,48483).
POSSIBLY UNSAFE ...when used orally in large amounts, long-term. Theoretically, long-term use of large amounts of dong quai could be harmful. Dong quai contains several constituents such as bergapten, safrole, and isosafrole that are considered carcinogenic (7162). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of dong quai when used topically.
PREGNANCY: POSSIBLY UNSAFE
when used orally.
Dong quai has uterine stimulant and relaxant effects (8142); theoretically, it could adversely affect pregnancy. Observational research has found that intake of An-Tai-Yin, an herbal combination product containing dong quai and parsley, during the first trimester is associated with an increased risk of congenital malformations of the musculoskeletal system, connective tissue, and eyes (15129).
LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid use.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when goji fruit preparations are used orally and appropriately, short-term. Goji berry whole fruit, boiled or steamed, has been used with apparent safety at a dose of 15 grams daily for 16 weeks (105489). Other goji berry products have also been used with apparent safety in clinical research, including a specific goji fruit juice (GoChi, FreeLife International) 120 mL daily for 30 days (52532), a goji fruit polysaccharide 300 mg daily for 3 months (92117), and a specific milk-based formulation of goji berry (Lacto-Wolfberry, Nestlé Research Center) for 3 months (52539). There has been some concern about the atropine content of goji; however, most analyses show that levels of atropine in goji berries from China and Thailand are far below potentially toxic levels (52524,94667). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of oral use of other parts of the goji plant.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available.
Some animal research shows that goji fruit may stimulate the uterus (12). However, this has not been reported in humans. Until more is known, avoid using during pregnancy or lactation.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally in amounts commonly found in foods. Lovage has Generally Recognized As Safe status (GRAS) for use in foods in the US (4912).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately, short-term (12). Lovage root 36 mg daily, in combination with centaury and rosemary (Canephron N, Bionorica), has been used with apparent safety for 6 months (91726).
PREGNANCY: LIKELY UNSAFE
when used orally; lovage is reported to have uterine and menstrual stimulant effects (12).
LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when the leafy twig is used orally in tea at appropriate doses, short-term. Traditionally, tea made with 6-15 grams of raw or charred leafy twig has been used with apparent safety, short-term (12).
POSSIBLY UNSAFE ...when the leafy twig is used orally long-term or at higher doses. Oriental arborvitae contains thujone. Using thujone-containing herbs long-term or at higher doses may cause harmful adverse effects, including kidney damage and convulsions (12). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of oriental arborvitae seed when used orally or about the safety of any part of oriental arborvitae when used topically.
PREGNANCY: POSSIBLY UNSAFE
when the leafy twig is used orally during pregnancy.
Oriental arborvitae contains thujone (12). Thujone might stimulate uterine activity (19); avoid using. There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of oriental arborvitae when used topically during pregnancy; avoid using.
LACTATION:
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of oriental arborvitae when used orally or topically during lactation; avoid using.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately, short term. Rehmannia root extract 4 grams daily or rehmannia leaf extract 800 mg daily has been used with apparent safety for 8 weeks in clinical studies (93660,93662).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately, short-term (12). Senega extract has been used with apparent safety in clinical research at doses of 300 mg daily for 4-8 weeks (96991,96992).
POSSIBLY UNSAFE ...when used orally, long-term. Prolonged use can cause gastrointestinal irritation (12). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of senega when used topically.
PREGNANCY: LIKELY UNSAFE
when used orally; senega appears to have uterine and menstrual flow stimulant effects (12,19).
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of the topical use of senega during pregnancy.
LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
Below is general information about the interactions of the known ingredients contained in the product Hair. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
Theoretically, atractylodes might increase the risk of bleeding when used concomitantly with anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs.
Details
Laboratory research suggests that atractylenolides II and III, constituents of atractylodes, reduce platelet activation (94299). So far, this has not been shown in humans.
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Theoretically, atractylodes may have an additive effect when used with other aromatase inhibitors.
Details
Laboratory research suggests that atractylodes and its constituents exhibit aromatase inhibitor effects (94302).
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Theoretically, atractylodes might decrease the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Details
In animals, atractylodes administered at high doses has been shown to induce CYP1A2 activity (112828). This effect has not been shown in humans.
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Theoretically, atractylodes might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Details
In animals, atractylodes administered at high doses has been shown to inhibit CYP3A1 activity, which is a homolog to the human CYP3A4 enzyme (112828). This effect has not been shown in humans.
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Theoretically, taking atractylodes may prolong the therapeutic and adverse effects of hexobarbital.
Details
In animals, atractylodes has been shown to prolong the effects of hexobarbital (94303). These effects have not been shown in humans.
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Theoretically, due to reports that calamus increases stomach acid, calamus might decrease the effectiveness of antacids (19).
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In vitro evidence suggests that calamus can inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (38418). Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and calamus might decrease the effectiveness of the anticholinergic drug.
Details
Some anticholinergic drugs include atropine, benztropine (Cogentin), biperiden (Akineton), procyclidine (Kemadrin), and trihexyphenidyl (Artane).
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Animal research suggests that calamus can decrease the rate and strength of the heartbeat, which might lower blood pressure (38444). Theoretically, combining calamus with other antihypertensive medications might increase the risk of hypotension; use with caution.
Details
Some antihypertensive drugs include captopril (Capoten), enalapril (Vasotec), losartan (Cozaar), valsartan (Diovan), diltiazem (Cardizem), Amlodipine (Norvasc), hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril), furosemide (Lasix), and many others.
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In vitro evidence suggests that calamus can inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (38418). Theoretically, concurrent use of calamus with other cholinergic drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of cholinergic side effects.
Details
Cholinergic drugs include bethanechol (Urecholine), donepezil (Aricept), echothiophate (Phospholine Iodide), edrophonium (Enlon, Reversol, Tensilon), neostigmine (Prostigmin), physostigmine (Antilirium), pyridostigmine (Mestinon, Regonol), succinylcholine (Anectine, Quelicin), and tacrine (Cognex).
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Theoretically, concomitant use with drugs with sedative properties can cause additive effects and side effects (4,38400,38444).
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In vitro research suggests that calamus extract can inhibit cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) (93975). Theoretically, use of calamus with drugs metabolized by CYP2D6 might increase drug levels and potentially increase the risk of adverse effects.
Details
Some drugs metabolized by CYP2D6 include amitriptyline (Elavil), codeine, desipramine (Norpramin), flecainide (Tambocor), haloperidol (Haldol), imipramine (Tofranil), metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL), ondansetron (Zofran), paroxetine (Paxil), risperidone (Risperdal), tramadol (Ultram), venlafaxine (Effexor), and others.
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In vitro research suggests that calamus inhibits cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) (93975). Theoretically, use of calamus with drugs metabolized by CYP3A4 might increase drug levels and potentially increase the risk of adverse effects.
Details
Some drugs metabolized by CYP3A4 include lovastatin (Mevacor), clarithromycin (Biaxin), indinavir (Crixivan), sildenafil (Viagra), triazolam (Halcion), and numerous others.
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Theoretically, due to reports that calamus increases stomach acid, calamus might decrease the effectiveness of H2-blockers (19). The H2 blockers include cimetidine (Tagamet), ranitidine (Zantac), nizatidine (Axid), and famotidine (Pepcid).
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Theoretically, calamus might potentiate the effects and adverse effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitor drugs (4).
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Theoretically, due to reports that calamus increases stomach acid, calamus might decrease the effectiveness of PPIs (19). PPIs include omeprazole (Prilosec), lansoprazole (Prevacid), rabeprazole (Aciphex), pantoprazole (Protonix), and esomeprazole (Nexium).
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Theoretically, dong quai may increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs; however, research is conflicting.
Details
Animal studies suggest that dong quai has antithrombin activity and inhibits platelet aggregation due to its coumarin components (6048,10057,96137). Additionally, some case reports in humans suggest that dong quai can increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin (3526,6048,23310,48439). However, clinical research in healthy adults shows that taking 1 gram of dong quai root daily for 3 weeks does not significantly inhibit platelet aggregation or cause bleeding (96137). Until more is known, use dong quai with caution in patients taking antiplatelet/anticoagulant drugs.
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Theoretically, dong quai may reduce the effects of estrogens.
Details
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Dong quai may increase the risk of bleeding when used with warfarin.
Details
Case reports suggest that concomitant use of dong quai with warfarin can increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin and increase the risk of bleeding (3526,6048,23310,48439). In one case, after 4 weeks of taking dong quai 565 mg once or twice daily, the international normalized ratio (INR) increased to 4.9. The INR normalized 4 weeks after discontinuation of dong quai (3526).
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Theoretically, concomitant use of goji fruit polysaccharides or goji root bark with antidiabetes drugs might have additive effects.
Details
Animal and in vitro research show that goji root bark and fruit polysaccharides might have hypoglycemic effects (7126,92118,94667). However, clinical research has only shown that taking goji fruit polysaccharides with or without antidiabetes drugs modestly reduces postprandial glucose when compared with control, with no reports of hypoglycemia (92117).
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Theoretically, concomitant use of goji root bark, but not goji fruit, with antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects.
Details
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Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP2C19 and reduce metabolism of CYP2C19 substrates.
Details
In vitro research shows that goji berry tincture and juice inhibit CYP2C19 enzymes (105486). Concomitant use with goji may decrease metabolism and increase levels of CYP2C19 substrates. However, this has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP2C9 and reduce metabolism of CYP2C9 substrates.
Details
In vitro research shows that goji berry tincture and juice inhibit CYP2C9 enzymes (105486). Additionally, multiple case reports suggest that goji berry concentrated tea and juice inhibit the metabolism of warfarin, a CYP2C9 substrate (7158,105462). Concomitant use with goji may decrease metabolism and increase levels of CYP2C9 substrates.
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Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP2D6 and reduce metabolism of CYP2D6 substrates.
Details
In vitro research shows that goji berry juice inhibits CYP2D6 enzymes (105486). Concomitant use with goji may decrease metabolism and increase levels of CYP2D6 substrates. However, this has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP3A4 and reduce metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Details
In vitro research shows that goji berry juice inhibits CYP3A4 enzymes (105486). Concomitant use with goji may decrease metabolism and increase levels of CYP3A4 substrates. However, this has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, goji berry might increase the levels and clinical effects of flecainide.
Details
In one case report, a 75-year-old patient stable on flecainide and warfarin presented to the emergency room with fainting and pleomorphic arrhythmia caused by flecainide toxicity. Flecainide toxicity was attributed to drinking 1-2 glasses of concentrated goji tea daily for 2 weeks. Theoretically, goji may have inhibited the cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) metabolism of flecainide (105462).
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Goji can increase the effects of warfarin and possibly increase the risk of bleeding.
Details
There are at least 5 case reports of increased international normalized ratio (INR) in patients stabilized on warfarin who began drinking goji juice, concentrated goji tea, or goji wine (7158,16529,23896,105462,105487). Goji may inhibit the metabolism of warfarin by cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) (7158).
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Theoretically, lovage root might interfere with diuretic therapy due to its aquaretic effects (512).
Details
Some diuretics include chlorothiazide (Diuril), chlorthalidone (Thalitone), furosemide (Lasix), hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ, Hydrodiuril, Microzide), and others.
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Theoretically, rehmannia might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Details
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Theoretically, rehmannia might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Details
Animal research shows that rehmannia may have hypotensive effects. Laboratory research shows that formulations of dried and processed rehmannia root inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) (104272).
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Below is general information about the adverse effects of the known ingredients contained in the product Hair. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
General
...There is currently a limited amount of information on the adverse effects of atractylodes.
A thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Allergic reaction, dry mouth, nausea.
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, atractylenolide I, an isolated constituent of atractylodes, can cause bad taste, nausea, and dry mouth (15706).
Immunologic ...Atractylodes can cause an allergic reaction in people sensitive to the Asteraceae/Compositae family (12450). Members of this family include ragweed, chrysanthemums, marigolds, daisies, and many other herbs.
General ...Orally, nausea, vomiting, and intestinal paralysis have been reported with calamus use (33310,38458,93980). Tachycardia has also been reported (93980).
Cardiovascular ...Tachycardia has been reported as a toxic effect related to oral use of calamus oil (93980).
Gastrointestinal ...A case of gastrointestinal toxicity has been reported in a 19-year-old male who appeared to use calamus root for its euphoric effects. The man ingested a large amount of the root with water and later presented at the emergency department with continuous vomiting, paleness, and sweating. He was treated intravenously with saline and promethazine (38458). Both nausea and vomiting have been reported in patients using calamus oil orally (93980). Intestinal paralysis has also been reported with calamus use in children (33310).
General ...Orally, dodder is generally well tolerated. High doses may cause intestinal colic and diarrhea (18,99156).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, a combination of whey and dodder seed extract has been reported to cause anorexia, mild dyspepsia, and feelings of stomach heaviness. It is not known if these symptoms are related to whey, dodder, or the combination (99156). Intestinal colic and diarrhea have been reported as possible symptoms of dodder overdose (99156). Traditional sources suggest a maximum daily dose of 8 grams of dodder aerial parts (99157).
General
...Orally, dong quai is generally well-tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Burping and flatulence.
Intravenously: Headache.
Cardiovascular ...Orally, dong quai might cause hypertension; according to one case report, a parent and breastfed infant experienced hypertension (195/85 mmHg and 115/69 mmHg, respectively) after the parent consumed a soup containing dong quai root (48428).
Dermatologic ...Dong quai contains psoralens that may cause photosensitivity and photodermatitis (10054,10057,48461).
Endocrine ...In a case report, a male developed gynecomastia after ingesting dong quai tablets (48504).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, burping and gas may occur with dong quai (738).
Hematologic ...In one case report, a 55-year-old female with protein S deficiency and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) had temporary vision loss in the left eye from hemiretinal vein thrombosis three days after taking a phytoestrogen preparation containing dong quai 100 mg, black cohosh 250 mg, wild Mexican yam 276 mg, and red clover 250 mg (13155). It is unclear if dong quai contributed to this event.
Neurologic/CNS ...Dong quai given orally or by injection may be associated with headache (738,48438).
Oncologic ...Dong quai contains constituents that are carcinogenic; however, whether these constituents are present in concentrations large enough to cause cancer with long-term or high-dose use is unknown (7162).
Pulmonary/Respiratory ...A pharmacist experienced allergic asthma and rhinitis after occupational exposure to dong quai and other herbs (48435).
General
...Orally, goji fruit seems to be well tolerated.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: Allergic reactions including anaphylaxis.
Dermatologic ...A case of photosensitivity secondary to consumption of goji berries has been reported. The patient presented with a pruriginous eruption that had lasted for 2 weeks. The patient had been taking goji berries for 5 months and cat's claw for 3 months. Upon testing, it was revealed that the patient tested positive to goji berries in a photoprovocation test, but not to cat's claw (40263).
Hepatic ...Orally, consumption of goji berries has been associated with a single case report of autoimmune hepatitis (52541). A case of acute hepatitis has also been reported in a female who consumed 2 ounces of a specific combination product (Euforia, Nuverus International) containing goji berry, pomegranate, curcumin, green tea, noni, acai berry, aloe vera, blueberry, resveratrol, mangosteen, and black seed, daily for one month. It is unclear whether the liver injury was caused by goji berry, other ingredients, or the combination (90125).
Immunologic ...Several cases of allergic reactions secondary to consumption of goji berries have been reported. Symptoms included facial angioedema with dyspnea, pharyngeal itching, itching in the mouth, ears, and axilla, labial angioedema, and perioral skin rash (92116). Anaphylaxis has also been reported (52538).
General ...A high-quality assessment of the adverse effects of lovage has not been conducted. However, long-term oral use of lovage may result in an increased risk of phototoxic reactions, including photosensitivity (2,5,6,8,11,12). Topical exposure may also result in photosensitivity or contact dermatitis (60058,94098).
Dermatologic ...Orally, long-term use of lovage may result in an increased risk of phototoxic reactions, including photosensitivity (2,5,6,8,11,12). Avoid excessive exposure to the sun or UV light if using lovage (2,12). A case of contact dermatitis has been reported in a 31-year-old female who applied undiluted lovage essential oil to the skin for 2 weeks. The skin healed after receiving topical and systemic steroids (94098). A case of photosensitivity has also been reported secondary to harvesting lovage (60058).
General ...Orally, taking oriental arborvitae long-term or at high doses might cause adverse effects due to the thujone constituent. Thujone-containing herbs can cause restlessness, vomiting, dizziness, tremors, kidney damage, hallucinations, and convulsions when used long-term or at high doses. Thujone intoxication can cause psychoactivity similar to tetrahydrocannibinol, the active constituent in marijuana. (12).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, thujone-containing herbs such as oriental arborvitae may cause vomiting when used long-term or at high doses (12).
Musculoskeletal ...Orally, thujone-containing herbs such as oriental arborvitae may cause tremors when used long-term or at high doses (12).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, thujone-containing herbs such as oriental arborvitae may cause dizziness and convulsions when used long-term or at high doses (12).
Psychiatric ...Orally, thujone-containing herbs such as oriental arborvitae may cause restlessness and hallucinations when used long-term or at high doses. Thujone intoxication can cause psychoactivity similar to tetrahydrocannibinol, the active constituent in marijuana. (12).
Renal ...Orally, thujone-containing herbs such as oriental arborvitae may cause kidney damage when used long-term or at high doses (12).
General ...Orally, rehmannia seems to be well tolerated.
General ...Orally, senega seems to be well tolerated. The most common adverse effects are gastrointestinal irritation, dyspepsia, diarrhea, queasiness, vomiting, and dizziness. These adverse effects are usually associated with large doses or prolonged use (2,4,8,18,96992).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, senega can cause mild dyspepsia (96992). Prolonged use of senega can cause gastrointestinal irritation (2). Large doses of senega can cause diarrhea (8), queasiness (18), and vomiting (4).
Immunologic ...There is a case of IgE-mediated occupational asthma and rhinitis due to inhalation of senega powder (96987).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, large amounts of senega can cause dizziness (8).