Two capsules contain: Receptormax Formula 1250 mg: Acetyl-L-Carnitine , Cinnamomum burmannii water extract (standardized for type-A polymers, tetramers, and trimers), R-alpha-lipoic acid , Coenzyme Q10 , 4-Hydroxyisoleucine . Other Ingredients: Gelatin, Silicon Dioxide, Magnesium Stearate.
Brand name products often contain multiple ingredients. To read detailed information about each ingredient, click on the link for the individual ingredient shown above.
Below is general information about the effectiveness of the known ingredients contained in the product Receptormax. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
Below is general information about the safety of the known ingredients contained in the product Receptormax. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately. Acetyl-L-carnitine has been used safely in doses up to 3 grams daily in clinical trials lasting up to 33 months (42,1589,1594,1595,1596,1597,1598,1599,3600,3601) (9105,9791,10076,12743,12745,58375,90755,90756,90759,90761)(90766,90767,90768,95063,95067,111862).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used parenterally and appropriately under medical supervision (1591,1592,12743).
CHILDREN: POSSIBLY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately, short-term.
Acetyl-L-carnitine has been safely used orally in children for up to 6 weeks (90754).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately. Alpha-lipoic acid has been used with apparent safety in doses of up to 2 grams daily for 3 months to 2 years. Lower doses of 600 mg daily have been used with apparent safety for up to 4 years (3540,3541,3542,20479,96449,97630,101867,101869,103327,103333)(103335,104651,104660). ...when used topically and appropriately. A cream containing alpha-lipoic acid 5% has been used with apparent safety in clinical trials lasting up to 12 weeks (12021). ...when given intravenously and appropriately. Intravenous alpha-lipoic acid has been used safely in doses of up to 6000 mg weekly in clinical trials lasting up to 3 weeks (3540,3557,10148,12106).
CHILDREN: POSSIBLY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately.
Alpha-lipoic acid has been used with apparent safety in doses of up to 600 mg daily for 3 months in children aged 10-17 years (103330).
CHILDREN: POSSIBLY UNSAFE
when used orally in amounts over 600 mg daily.
At least five cases of alpha-lipoic acid intoxication have been reported for children aged 14 months to 16 years who consumed alpha-lipoic acid at doses up to 226 mg/kg (approximately 2400 mg). Symptoms of alpha-lipoic acid-induced intoxication included seizures, acidosis, vomiting, and unconsciousness (90444,96227,96234,104653).
PREGNANCY: POSSIBLY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately, short-term.
Alpha-lipoic acid has been used safely during pregnancy at doses up to 600 mg daily for up to 4 weeks (96222).
LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately. Coenzyme Q10 has been used safely in studies lasting up to 5 years (2134,6037,6038,6407,8163,8938,8939,8940,15395,17413,17716,96538)(109391). ...when used topically on the gums (2107,2108,8916,8917,8918).
CHILDREN: POSSIBLY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately.
Coenzyme Q10 in doses of 1-10 mg/kg/day has been used safely for up to 9 months under medical supervision (12199,13223,15256,44005,107449).
PREGNANCY: POSSIBLY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately.
Coenzyme Q10 100 mg twice daily has been used with apparent safety during pregnancy, starting at 20 weeks gestation until term (17201).
LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
Below is general information about the interactions of the known ingredients contained in the product Receptormax. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
Theoretically, acetyl-L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol.
 Details
L-carnitine, the parent compound of acetyl-L-carnitine, might enhance the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol, an oral anticoagulant that is similar to warfarin, but shorter-acting (9878,12165). There are at least two case reports of INR elevation when L-carnitine was taken with acenocoumarol. In one case, a 33-year-old male with a previously stable INR had an elevated INR of 4.65 after L-carnitine was started and continued for 10 weeks. INR normalized after discontinuation of the L-carnitine-containing product (12165). It is unclear if such an interaction would also occur with acetyl-L-carnitine.
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Theoretically, acetyl-L-carnitine might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome and cerebral vasoconstrictive disorders, when taken with serotonergic drugs.
Details
Animal research shows that acetyl-L-carnitine can increase levels of serotonin in the brain (95065).
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Theoretically, acetyl-L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
Details
L-carnitine appears to act as a peripheral thyroid hormone antagonist by inhibiting entry of thyroid hormone into the nucleus of cells (12761). Taking L-carnitine also seems to diminish some of the symptoms of hyperthyroidism (8047). It is unclear if such an interaction would occur with acetyl-L-carnitine.
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Theoretically, acetyl-L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
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Theoretically, the antioxidant effects of alpha-lipoic acid might alter the effectiveness of alkylating agents.
Details
The use of antioxidants like alpha-lipoic acid during chemotherapy is controversial. There are concerns that antioxidants could reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs that generate free radicals (391). However, some researchers theorize that antioxidants might make chemotherapy more effective by reducing oxidative stress that might interfere with apoptosis (cell death) of cancer cells (14012,14013). More evidence is needed to determine what effect, if any, antioxidants such as alpha-lipoic acid have on chemotherapy. Advise patients to consult their oncologist before using alpha-lipoic acid.
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Theoretically, alpha-lipoic acid may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Details
In vitro, alpha-lipoic acid inhibits platelet aggregation (98682).
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Theoretically, taking alpha-lipoic acid with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Details
Although some small clinical studies have suggested that alpha-lipoic acid can lower blood glucose levels (3545,3874,3875,3876,20490,20493,104650), larger clinical studies in patients with diabetes have shown no clinically meaningful effect (20494,20495,20496,90443,90445,110118). Additionally, co-administration of single doses of alpha-lipoic acid and glyburide or acarbose did not cause detectable drug interactions in healthy volunteers (3870).
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Theoretically, the antioxidant effects of alpha-lipoic acid might alter the effectiveness of antitumor antibiotics.
Details
The use of antioxidants like alpha-lipoic acid during chemotherapy is controversial. There are concerns that antioxidants could reduce the activity of antitumor antibiotic drugs, which work by generating free radicals (391). However, some researchers theorize that antioxidants might make chemotherapy more effective by reducing oxidative stress that might interfere with apoptosis (cell death) of cancer cells (14012,14013). More evidence is needed to determine what effect, if any, antioxidants such as alpha-lipoic acid have on chemotherapy involving antitumor antibiotics. Advise patients to consult their oncologist before using alpha-lipoic acid.
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Theoretically, alpha-lipoic acid might decrease the effects of thyroid hormone drugs.
Details
Animal research suggests that co-administration of thyroxine with alpha-lipoic acid reduces conversion into the active T3 form (8946).
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Coenzyme Q10 has antioxidant effects. Theoretically, this may reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs that generate free radicals.
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Theoretically, coenzyme Q10 might have additive effects with antihypertensive drugs.
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Coenzyme Q10 is chemically similar to menaquinone and might have vitamin K-like procoagulant effects, which could decrease the effects of warfarin.
Details
Concomitant use of coenzyme Q10 and warfarin might reduce the anticoagulant effects of warfarin (2128,6048,6199). Four cases of decreased warfarin efficacy thought to be due to coenzyme Q10 have been reported (2128,6048,11048). However, there is some preliminary clinical research that suggests coenzyme Q10 might not significantly decrease the effects of warfarin in patients who have a stable INR (11905).
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Below is general information about the adverse effects of the known ingredients contained in the product Receptormax. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
General
...Orally, acetyl-L-carnitine is generally well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Agitation, dry mouth, headache, insomnia, and reduced appetite. A metabolite of acetyl-L-carnitine has been reported to cause a fishy odor of the urine, breath, and sweat.
Cardiovascular ...Orally, one patient in a pharmacokinetic study reported high blood pressure 8 hoursafter taking acetyl-L-carnitine 500 mg; however, it is unclear if this was due to acetyl-L-carnitine or another factor (95061).
Dermatologic ...Orally, a combination of acetyl-L-carnitine and alpha-lipoic acid may cause rash (90441).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, acetyl-L-carnitine may cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, hiccups, abdominal distension and gastrointestinal upset or pain. However, gastrointestinal symptoms do not usually occur more often in patients receiving acetyl-L-carnitine than in patients receiving placebo (1596,1599,12743,13007,58922,90755,95063,95067,111889,111894). Acetyl-L-carnitine may also cause dry mouth and anorexia (58342). When taken orally, a combination of acetyl-L-carnitine and alpha-lipoic acid may cause diarrhea, constipation, and dyspepsia (90441).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, acetyl-L-carnitine may cause headache and insomnia (90760,90767,95063). In one clinical trial, two patients with antiretroviral toxic neuropathy reported paresthesia, pain, and neuropathy after taking acetyl-L-carnitine 1000 mg daily (58342). A case of mania has been reported for a patient with bipolar I disorder currently in remission. The patient presented with symptoms after taking multiple supplements for the past 4 weeks including acetyl-L-carnitine 1000 mg twice daily. The symptoms appeared 3 days after beginning to take acetyl-L-carnitine and worsened over the next week. The patient had increased speech rate and volume and reported increased energy levels and racing thoughts. The patient's parent reported irritability and an increase in loud behaviors at home, similar to a previous episode of mania. The patient was advised to discontinue acetyl-L-carnitine, and the manic symptoms disappeared 3 days later (95062).
Psychiatric ...Orally, acetyl-L-carnitine may cause agitation (restlessness and motor overactivity) (1596,1599,12743,13007). Side effects reported in people with Alzheimer disease include psychiatric disturbances such as depression, mania, confusion and aggression, but it is not clear whether these are due to acetyl-L-carnitine or the condition itself (1594,1595,1596,1597,1598,1599,9105,10391).
Other ...One of the metabolites of acetyl-L-carnitine can cause the urine, breath, and sweat to have a fishy odor (12756). Also, foul smelling urine has been reported following oral use of a combination of acetyl-L-carnitine and alpha-lipoic acid (90441).
General
...Alpha-lipoic acid appears to be generally well tolerated when used orally, intravenously, or topically.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Headache, heartburn, nausea, and vomiting.
Topically: Irritation and rash.
Intravenously: Nausea and vomiting.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: Case reports have raised concerns about insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS).
Cardiovascular ...Orally, hypotension has been reported rarely in a clinical trial (104650).
Dermatologic ...Orally, skin rash and itching have been reported after use of alpha-lipoic acid (16391,20490,21674,96233,104650). Topically, alpha-lipoic acid can cause local irritation, including burning, stinging, mild rash, or contact dermatitis (12021,30836,111701). In one case, an 86-year-old female developed allergic contact dermatitis with severe itching and oozing after applying alpha-lipoic acid 5% cream to her lower extremities. The patient had a positive skin patch test for alpha-lipoic acid, confirming the causative agent (111701). In another case, a 47-year-old female developed contact dermatitis characterized by a pruritic rash and labial adhesions hours after applying a 5% vulvar serum containing lipoic acid 0.9 grams, vitamin E, vitamin C, hyaluronic acid, and retinol palmitate to the vulva to treat vulvar lichen sclerosis. Testing confirmed that the causative agent was alpha-lipoic acid (111704). Intravenously, local allergic reactions have occurred at the injection site (1547).
Endocrine ...Orally, at least 50 published cases of insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) thought to be associated with use of alpha-lipoic acid have been reported (16392,104656,104657,104658,104659,107893,112941). Most reported cases have been associated with alpha-lipoic acid supplements or enriched foods; IAS has not been reported with intake of alpha-lipoic acid in food. IAS has been linked to compounds, such as alpha-lipoic acid, that contain sulfhydryl groups, but it is unclear if taking alpha-lipoic acid with other drugs known to trigger IAS increases the risk (107893,112941). IAS is characterized by very high serum insulin levels and high titers of autoantibodies against endogenous insulin. Sulfhydryl groups interact with disulfide bonds of insulin, increasing its immunogenicity (112941). Symptoms include severe spontaneous hypoglycemic episodes, as well as hunger and neuroglycopenic symptoms such as blurred vision, weakness, confusion, dizziness, sweating, and palpitations (104656,104657,107893,112941). Time to onset of IAS ranges from 1 week to 4 months (107893). Most cases of IAS have been reported in Japan and have occurred in individuals with the human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1*04:06 allele (16392,104656,107893). For patients of European decent, cases of IAS have mainly occurred in individuals with the HLA-DRB1*04:03 allele (104656,104658,104659,107893). This suggests that either of these alleles might produce a genetic predisposition to alpha-lipoic acid-associated IAS. Reported doses of alpha-lipoic acid have ranged from 200-800 mg daily, most commonly 600 mg daily (104656,104658,104659,107893). IAS-related hypoglycemic episodes have been treated with oral or intravenous glucose or sucrose, as well as prednisone. Episodes decline following discontinuation of alpha-lipoic acid, and insulin values normalize within 3-9 months (104656,104658,104659,107893).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, heartburn, nausea, and vomiting have been reported after use of alpha-lipoic acid (3557,12106,16391,20475,30844,96225,101868,103327,103328,103333)(103335,104650,104654,104655). Higher doses (1200-1800 mg daily) seem to cause more severe effects than lower doses (600 mg daily) (3557,20475,30844,96225). Alpha-lipoic acid may also cause a burning sensation from the throat to the stomach, abdominal discomfort, or bitter taste when used orally (20478,20490,21664,96225). Intravenously, alpha-lipoic acid can cause gastrointestinal upset, including nausea and vomiting. Adverse effects are more common in patients receiving higher intravenous doses (3557) and may be more common in the elderly (96225).
Genitourinary ...Orally, alpha-lipoic acid may cause urinary disorders (20479). Oral alpha-lipoic acid has also been associated with a change in urine odor (96225,103327).
Neurologic/CNS
...Orally, alpha-lipoic acid may cause headache (21664,103328,104655) or dizziness (104650).
Intravenously, paresthesias have been reported to worsen temporarily at the beginning of therapy. Also, intravenous alpha-lipoic acid can cause headache. Adverse effects are more common in patients receiving higher intravenous doses (3557).
General
...Orally, coenzyme Q10 is generally well tolerated.
In clinical studies, no serious adverse effects have been reported.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Gastrointestinal side effects such as appetite suppression, diarrhea, epigastric discomfort, heartburn, nausea, and vomiting. These generally occur in less than 1% of patients. Some of these adverse effects can be minimized if daily doses above 100 mg are divided.
Cardiovascular ...Palpitations have been reported as being possibly associated with coenzyme Q10 treatment (89421). Death due to myocardial infarction occurred in one Parkinson disease patient taking coenzyme Q10; causality is unclear (15395).
Dermatologic ...Two of 143 participants in a case series reported skin itching after starting treatment with oral coenzyme Q10 (6047). Allergic rash has also been reported (6409,11872). An itching exanthema was seen in two heart failure patients treated with intravenous coenzyme Q10 (44284).
Gastrointestinal ...Gastrointestinal side effects of coenzyme Q10 have included nausea (3365,6409,8907,10152,43982,44172,44179,44330,89421,109392), vomiting (3365,10152,44330,89421), epigastric discomfort (3365,44179,44330,89421), constipation (109392), diarrhea (44179,92904,89421,109392), stomach upset (8940,12170,109387,109388,109392), loss of appetite (2121), heartburn (2121,44179,109392), and flatulence (43982), although this occurs in less than 1% of patients. In one clinical study, gastrointestinal bleeding in association with angiodysplasia has been reported to be possibly related to coenzyme Q10 treatment (89421).
Genitourinary ...An uncomplicated urinary infection was reported in a patient taking oral coenzyme Q10 (nanoQuinon, MSE Pharmazeutika) (44020).
Hematologic ...Thrombocytopenia was noted in one patient treated with oral coenzyme Q10 (44296); however, other factors (viral infection, other medications) may have been responsible for this adverse effect.
Musculoskeletal ...Increased plasma creatine kinase with high-intensity exercise has been reported in patients taking coenzyme Q10 (44303). Muscle pain has been reported rarely in one clinical trial (109392).
Neurologic/CNS ...Headache and dizziness have been reported in human research (3365,11872,43982,44330,109392). Insomnia has been reported as being possibly associated with coenzyme Q10 treatment (89421). Cognitive decline, depression, and sudden falls were reported rarely in a clinical trial of patients with Huntington disease (8940). Increased lethargy was reported for one patient treated with oral coenzyme Q10 (44042). Feeling of internal trembling has been reported in a clinical trial for one patient treated with coenzyme Q10 (44020).
Ocular/Otic
...Visual sensitivity to light has been reported for a patient treated with coenzyme Q10.
However, the association of this effect with coenzyme Q10 treatment was not clear (6409).
A burning sensation has been reported for 10% of patients treated with a topical eye solution containing coenzyme Q10 and alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate following cataract surgery (44228).
Psychiatric ...Worsening depression has been reported as being possibly associated with oral coenzyme Q10 treatment (89421).
Pulmonary/Respiratory ...Drug-induced pneumonitis was diagnosed in a 61 year-old woman who had been taking coenzyme Q10 and perilla leaf extract for two months (43978). Symptoms improved after she stopped taking the supplements and began taking oral prednisone. Causation from coenzyme Q10 was unclear.
Other ...In a case report, a naval aviator using a supplement containing coenzyme Q10 and niacin had reduced G tolerance (44186). G tolerance was regained with cessation of the supplement.
