Captomer-250 [Discontinued] by Thorne Research

INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE

• Diabetic neuropathy. Oral succinate has only been evaluated in combination with other ingredients; its effect when used alone is unclear. Details: Preliminary clinical research in patients with type 2 diabetes and peripheral neuropathy shows that taking a supplement containing succinic acid, inosine, niacinamide, and riboflavin (Cytoflavin, Polysan, Russia) as an intravenous infusion, 2640 mg in 200 mL normal saline daily for 10 days, followed by oral tablets, 1520 mg daily in divided doses for 75 days, reduces the neuropathy total symptom score when compared with placebo, primarily by improving the intensity of paresthesias, numbness, and burning (110503).
• Menopausal symptoms. Oral succinate has only been evaluated in combination with other ingredients; its effect when used alone is unclear. Details: Preliminary clinical research shows that taking a specific combination product containing succinate (Enerlit-Clima) for 3 weeks reduces menopausal symptoms including hot flashes, irritability, and insomnia when compared with placebo (18051). However, the reliability of these findings is questionable due to unclear and incomplete study reporting. In other preliminary clinical research, taking a specific combination product (Amberen, Biogix) containing the succinate salts of ammonium, calcium, and magnesium, as well as monosodium glutamate, glycine, zinc difumarate, tocopheryl acetate, and riboflavin, for 90 days reduces some menopausal symptoms, including hot flashes, night sweats, lack of sex drive, irritability, depression, and tiredness, when compared with placebo. It also reduces weight and waist circumference when compared with placebo (104125). It is unclear whether these changes are due to succinate, other ingredients, or the combination. More evidence is needed to rate succinate for these uses.

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LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally in food amounts. Succinic acid has Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status in the US (104126). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of succinate or succinic acid when used in larger amounts as a dietary supplement.

PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.

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General ...No adverse effects have been reported. However, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.

Genitourinary ...Taking a combination product containing succinate (Enerlit-Clima) for 3 weeks was associated with a menses-like discharge in 7 of 15 postmenopausal women (18051). It is unclear if this adverse effect is due to succinate, the other ingredients, or the combination.

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