Each two scoop serving (10 grams) contains: Modulate Proprietary Blend 4005 mg: Trimethylglycine , L-Carnitine Tartrate , Aframomum Melegueta seed extract, Garcinia mangostana fruit peel extract, standardized for Gamma-Mangostin • D-Aspartic Acid 3120 mg • Agmatine Sulfate 1000 mg • Mucuna pruriens seed extract 200 mg.
Brand name products often contain multiple ingredients. To read detailed information about each ingredient, click on the link for the individual ingredient shown above.
Below is general information about the effectiveness of the known ingredients contained in the product Test Powder. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
There is insufficient reliable information available about the effectiveness of grains of paradise.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
Below is general information about the safety of the known ingredients contained in the product Test Powder. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately in medicinal amounts, short-term. Agmatine sulfate has been used with apparent safety at doses up to 2.67 grams daily for up to 2 months and 3.56 grams daily for up to 3 weeks (94736,111144).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally in amounts found in foods (94500).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when aspartic acid is used orally and appropriately, short-term. D-aspartic acid 3-6 grams daily has been used with apparent safety in clinical trials for up to 3 months (94497,97576). L-aspartic acid has been used in doses up to 8 grams daily, short-term, without reports of adverse effects (94500).
CHILDREN: POSSIBLY UNSAFE
when aspartic acid is used orally in infants.
In rodents, aspartic acid given orally within a few days of birth caused neuronal necrosis in the hypothalamus. This adverse effect was not seen in nonhuman newborn primates and has not been assessed in humans. Until more data is available, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and the Food and Nutrition Board advise that aspartic acid be avoided in infants (94500).
There is insufficient reliable information available about the use of aspartic acid supplements in children and adolescents; avoid using in amounts exceeding those found in food.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally in amounts found in foods (94500).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: POSSIBLY UNSAFE
when aspartic acid is used orally.
In rodents, aspartic acid given orally within a few days of birth caused neuronal necrosis in the hypothalamus. This adverse effect was not seen in nonhuman newborn primates and has not been assessed in humans. Until more data is available, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and the Food and Nutrition Board advise that pregnant or breast-feeding women avoid the use of aspartic acid (94500).
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately in doses of up to 6 grams daily (698,10631). However, some patients have used up to 20 grams daily with apparent safety (698). Betaine anhydrous is available as an FDA-approved prescription product (Cystadane) (698), and also as a supplement. The European Food Safety Authority states that betaine anhydrous is safe to use in doses up to 6 mg/kg daily, in addition to usual dietary intake (105548). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of topical betaine anhydrous.
CHILDREN: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately in doses up to 150 mg/kg daily (698).
However, some patients have used up to 20 grams daily with apparent safety (698). Prescription betaine anhydrous (Cystadane) is approved by the US FDA for use in infants and children (698).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately. Powdered formulations of cowhage seed that are standardized to provide levodopa 75-400 mg daily have been used with apparent safety for up to 20 weeks (7020,7203,97266).
POSSIBLY UNSAFE ...when the hair of the cowhage bean pod is used orally or topically. The bean pod hairs are strong irritants and can cause severe itching, burning, and inflammation (18).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately, short-term (12). Grains of paradise seed extract 100 mg daily has been used with apparent safety for up to 4 weeks (99890). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of grains of paradise when used orally, long-term.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately. L-carnitine has been safely used in clinical trials lasting up to 12 months (1947,3620,3621,3623,3624,3625,3626,3627,3628,3629) (3630,3639,4949,8047,9790,12352,16104,16105,16106,16107) (16109,16110,23437,26496,26499,58150,58156,58161,58169,58182) (58189,58204,58207,58209,58213,58294,58523,58554,58556,58647) (58679,58715,58778,58793,58830,58831,58882,59023,59029,59043) (90624,90633,104177,111872,111876,111883,111884,111891,111898). ...when used parenterally as an FDA-approved prescription medicine. Avoid using D-carnitine and DL-carnitine. These forms of carnitine can act as competitive inhibitors of L-carnitine and may cause symptoms of L-carnitine deficiency (1946).
CHILDREN: POSSIBLY SAFE
when used orally or intravenously and appropriately.
L-carnitine has been safely used orally in children for up to 6 months (1433,3622,58166,58502,58981,59188,111887,111900,115351). It has also been safely used orally and intravenously in preterm infants (3633,3634,3635,3636,3637,58163,58190,58800,58902,59097)(59161).
PREGNANCY:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
LACTATION: POSSIBLY SAFE
when used orally.
Supplemental doses of L-carnitine have been given to infants in breast milk and formula with no reported adverse effects. The effects of large doses used while nursing are unknown, but L-carnitine is secreted in the breast milk (3616).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally. Mangosteen has been used with apparent safety at a dose of up to 560 mg daily for 12 weeks (110127). It has also been used with apparent safety in combination with Sphaeranthus indicus (Meratrim, Laila Nutraceuticals) or Indian cassia (Cindura, Laila Nutraceuticals), for a total dose of 800 mg daily for up to 16 weeks (97876,97878,97879,101079). ...when used topically as a single dose. Mangosteen pericarp 4% gel has been applied once along the gum line with apparent safety (97875).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
Below is general information about the interactions of the known ingredients contained in the product Test Powder. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
Theoretically, agmatine might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal and in vitro research suggest that agmatine has mild hypoglycemic effects (94734).
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Theoretically, agmatine might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Animal research suggests that agmatine can modestly decrease heart rate and blood pressure (94734).
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Theoretically, concomitant use of cowhage and anesthesia might increase the risk of arrhythmias.
Cowhage contains levodopa (7020,7205,46334,46336,94723,94724). Use of levodopa with cyclopropane or halogenated hydrocarbon anesthesia has led to arrhythmias. Other anesthetics have not been implicated (15). Use other anesthetics in patients taking cowhage or tell patients to stop taking cowhage at least 2 weeks before surgery.
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Theoretically, concomitant use of cowhage and antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal research shows that cowhage might have hypoglycemic effects (7221).
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Theoretically, use of cowhage might decrease the clinical effects of antipsychotic drugs.
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Theoretically, concomitant use of cowhage and guanethidine might increase the risk of hypotension.
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Concomitant use can increase the risk of levodopa-related adverse effects.
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Theoretically, concomitant use of cowhage and methyldopa might increase the risk of hypotension.
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Theoretically, concomitant use of cowhage and non-selective MAOIs might increase the risk of hypertensive crisis.
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Theoretically, use of TCAs might reduce the levels and clinical effects of cowhage.
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Theoretically, L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol.
L-carnitine might enhance the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol, an oral anticoagulant similar to warfarin, but shorter-acting (9878,12165). There are at least two case reports of INR elevation with concomitant use. In one case, a 33-year-old male with a previously stable INR had an elevated INR of 4.65 after L-carnitine was started and continued for 10 weeks. INR normalized after discontinuation of the L-carnitine-containing product (12165).
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Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
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Theoretically, L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
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Theoretically, concomitant use of mangosteen with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs may increase the risk of bleeding.
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Theoretically, concomitant use of mangosteen with donepezil might increase the effects of donepezil.
Animal research shows that concomitant use of an aqueous extract of mangosteen pericarp with donepezil increases brain concentrations of donepezil at 4 hours by 64% without associated effects on systemic exposure (106791).
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Below is general information about the adverse effects of the known ingredients contained in the product Test Powder. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
General
...Orally, agmatine seems to be well tolerated when used in medicinal amounts, short-term.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Diarrhea, dyspepsia, nausea.
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, agmatine has been reported to cause diarrhea, dyspepsia, and nausea in two small clinical studies (94736,94742). Mild-to-moderate diarrhea and nausea were reported in 3 out of 24 patients taking agmatine sulfate 3.56 grams daily. These adverse effects appeared within 2-3 days of therapy and resolved upon treatment discontinuation (94736).
General ...No adverse effects have been reported. However, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.
General
...Orally, betaine anhydrous is generally well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Body odor, diarrhea, elevated cholesterol levels, GI distress, nausea, vomiting.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: Cerebral edema.
Cardiovascular ...Betaine anhydrous might have adverse effects on the plasma lipid profile. Some studies have reported a 3% to 4% increase in total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels with betaine anhydrous 6 grams daily (16452,16455,16456,34904). A meta-analysis of 6 studies in adults, some with obesity and/or prediabetes, shows that taking betaine anhydrous 4-6 grams daily for 6-24 weeks is associated with a mean increase in total cholesterol of 4 mg/dL, with no significant change in LDL cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, or triglyceride levels (105814). Another meta-analysis of 12 studies, some in healthy adults and others in adults with various disease states, shows that taking betaine anhydrous 1.5-20 grams daily for 2-52 weeks is associated with a mean increase in total cholesterol of 14 mg/dL, and a mean increase in LDL cholesterol of 10 mg/dL, with no change in triglyceride or HDL cholesterol levels (105813).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, betaine anhydrous can cause vomiting, nausea, GI distress, and diarrhea (698,10631,34888,34928,111374).
Neurologic/CNS ...When used orally to treat homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency, elevated plasma methionine concentrations can occur following use of betaine anhydrous, which might lead to cerebral edema (698,111374).
Other ...Orally, betaine anhydrous can cause body odor (698,10631).
General
...Orally, adverse effects to cowhage seem to be rare; however, a thorough safety evaluation has not been conducted.
Topically, cowhage bean pod or seed may be unsafe.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Diarrhea, flatulence, mucosal irritation.
Topically: Erythema, pruritus, rash.
Cardiovascular ...Orally, cowhage has been reported to cause palpitations (7021,7203)
Dermatologic
...Orally, ingestion of hairs from the bean pod or seed can result in significant mucosal irritation and should be avoided.
Topically, hairs on cowhage bean pod or seed can cause severe pruritus (6898). Symptoms include severe itching, burning, inflammation, and erythematous macular rashes (18,6898). Symptoms resolve spontaneously within several hours, but may also be relieved with antihistamines (6898). The hairs can be removed from the skin by washing, but the hairs can also be retained, and transferred to other people, in fabrics and carpets. Clothing and other materials that come in contact with cowhage hairs should also be thoroughly washed (6898).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, cowhage has been reported to cause flatulence, diarrhea, and dry mouth (7021,7203). Orally, a specific powdered cowhage seed extract (Zandopa, formerly HP-200; Zandu Pharmaceuticals) has been reported to cause nausea, abdominal distention, and vomiting in clinical research when taken in amounts of 22.5-67.5 grams divided into 2-5 doses per day (7020).
Musculoskeletal ...Orally, dyskinesia has been reported in clinical research in about 3% of patients taking a specific powdered cowhage seed extract (Zandopa, formerly HP-200; Zandu Pharmaceuticals) 22. 5-67.5 grams divided into 2-5 doses daily (7020).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, cowhage has been reported to cause headaches (7021,7203). Orally, insomnia has been reported in clinical research in about 3% of patients taking a specific powdered cowhage seed extract (Zandopa, formerly HP-200; Zandu Pharmaceuticals) 22.5 grams to 67.5 grams divided into 2-5 doses daily (7020).
Psychiatric ...In a case report, cowhage caused an outbreak of acute toxic psychosis. Symptoms of psychosis included confusion, giddiness, agitation, hallucinations, and paranoid delusions. The cowhage-induced psychosis was successfully treated with intravenous chlorpromazine (7021).
Other ...Orally, cowhage has been reported to cause sweating and changes in urine color, (7021,7203). Theoretically, due to the levodopa constituent, cowhage is likely to cause the same adverse effects that have been attributed to purified, prescription levodopa. Some of these side effects include elevated liver enzymes, respiratory disturbances, urinary retention, muscle cramps, and priapism (15). However, these effects have not yet been reported for cowhage.
General
...Orally and intravenously, L-carnitine is generally well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
All routes of administration: Abdominal cramps, abdominal pain, diarrhea, gastritis, heartburn, nausea, reduced appetite, and vomiting. A fish-like body odor has also been reported.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
All routes of administration: Seizures.
Cardiovascular ...According to population research, plasma L-carnitine levels are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and major cardiac events (90635). However, oral supplementation with L-carnitine does not appear to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. In fact, a meta-analysis of clinical research shows that L-carnitine supplementation is associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality, as well as ventricular arrhythmias and the development of angina and does not increase the development of heart failure or myocardial reinfarction (59037). Also, another meta-analysis suggests that L-carnitine does not affect mortality or cardiovascular outcomes in patients with a previous myocardial infarction (90630).
Dermatologic ...Orally, L-carnitine has been reported to cause skin rash in a small number of cases (16105,91724). Two patients in a hair growth study using topical carnitine reported mild itching and increased dandruff, while a third reported strong itching with reddish bumps and a burning sensation (58390). When a specific formulation containing L-carnitine, licochalcone, and 1,2-decanediol was applied to the face, mild skin dryness and tightness was reported by 12% of volunteers, compared with 4% to 8% of those in the vehicle-only control group (26493).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally and intravenously, L-carnitine has been associated with nausea, epigastric discomfort, vomiting, abdominal cramps, heartburn, gastritis, anorexia, and diarrhea (3616,3624,59030,95069,95070,101562,107410,111870,111887,111891). Orally, diarrhea or colitis symptoms (1433,3630,16105,16107,16111,23437,58523,58554,59020,90623), nausea and abdominal pain (16105,16106,26499,58169,58392,58554,90623,90634), indigestion (26703), and constipation (58523) have been reported in various clinical trials.
Hematologic ...In one case report, L-carnitine 990 mg twice daily was started in a female presenting to hospital with valproic acid toxicity. Blood phosphorous levels subsequently fell from 2.3 mg/dL to 1.3 mg/dL over 4 days. After discontinuation of L-carnitine, blood phosphorus levels increased to 1.8 mg/dL. The authors suggested that the role of L-carnitine in improved protein metabolism may play a role in the declining levels of phosphorous in the blood and increased risk of hypophosphatemia (90628).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally or intravenously, L-carnitine has been associated with seizures (3616). Orally, use of L-carnitine in clinical trials has resulted in headache, although this event is rare (58554,95070,111891). L-carnitine may also cause agitation (95070).
Other ...Orally or intravenously, L-carnitine has been associated with a fish-like body odor (1433,3616,58166,59854,90623). One of its metabolites, trimethylamine N-oxide, can cause the urine, breath, and sweat to have a fishy odor (12756,58664).
General
...Orally, mangosteen is generally well tolerated.
Topically, no adverse effects have been reported. However, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: Lactic acidosis.
Dermatologic ...Orally, mangosteen extract up to 560 mg daily has been reported to cause skin rash. It is not known if this side effect was related to mangosteen (97877).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, mangosteen extract up to 560 mg daily has been reported to cause constipation, abnormal stool, abdominal discomfort, abdominal bloating, salivation, nausea and vomiting, and diarrhea. It is not known if these side effects were related to mangosteen (97877).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, mangosteen extract up to 560 mg daily has been reported to cause mild tiredness, headache, dizziness, and malaise. It is not known if these side effects were related to mangosteen (97877).
Pulmonary/Respiratory ...Orally, mangosteen extract up to 560 mg daily has been reported to cause dry throat, flu-like symptoms, cough, and nasal congestion. It is not known if these side effects were related to mangosteen (97877).
Renal ...Orally, mangosteen extract up to 560 mg daily has been reported to cause abnormal urination. It is not known if this side effect was related to mangosteen (97877). In one case report, a patient with chronic kidney disease and metabolic syndrome consumed mangosteen juice daily for 12 months and later presented with severe lactic acidosis. The juice was reported to contain 250 mg of mangosteen with 25 mg alpha-mangostin per ounce. Alpha-mangostin appears to inhibit mitochondrial function, disrupting the electron transport chain and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, causing accumulation of reactive oxygen species and inducing apoptosis. Researchers speculate that these effects might have led to lactic acidosis in this patient (16399).
Other ...Orally, mangosteen extract up to 560 mg daily has been reported to cause weight loss. It is not known if this side effect was related to mangosteen (97877).