Sleep Balance Chocolate Flavor Powder by Country Life Gut Connection Kids

POSSIBLY INEFFECTIVE

• Infant development. Most clinical research shows that using casein protein-predominant formula for 6 weeks to 6 months in premature, low-birth weight, or healthy infants does not affect growth when compared with breast milk, whey protein-based formula, rice hydrolysate formula, cow's milk formula, or amino acid-based formula (91645,91668,91669,91670). However, other clinical research in healthy, moderately premature, or very low birth weight infants shows that whey protein-based formula is superior to casein protein-based formula for increasing growth (91666,91667,91671).

INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE

• Alcohol-related liver disease. Preliminary clinical research in adults with alcohol-related liver disease shows that a specific casein protein-based supplement (Isocal HCN, Mead Johnson), dosed as 1.5 grams/kg of ideal body weight daily, administered via enteral feeding tube for 28 days, improves encephalopathy scores by over 50% when compared with baseline. Taking the casein protein-based formula also improved total caloric intake and plasma markers of liver disease when compared with control (91266). Additional clinical research in adults with alcohol-related liver disease shows that taking a specific casein-based enteral formula (ADN, Laboratorios Davis) providing 34 grams of protein daily for one year reduces hospitalization rate by approximately 50% and reduces the risk for infection when compared with control. However, there was no effect on mortality or progression of liver failure (91268).
• Athletic performance. The clinical evidence for the benefits of casein protein on athletic performance is conflicting. Some preliminary clinical research shows that taking casein protein alone or in combination with whey protein and other sports supplements for 4-12 weeks, in conjunction with resistance training, does not improve strength or body composition when compared with placebo in obese women or young men (91252,91254,91280,111440). However, other preliminary clinical research shows that taking casein protein, with or without whey protein, improves strength and athletic performance in a variety of individuals, including collegiate female basketball players, obese sedentary women, and professional male soccer players (85821,91253,91280,91641). Casein protein has also been compared with other popular athletic performance supplements. When compared with whey protein, most clinical research shows that casein protein and whey protein are equally effective for improving strength and athletic performance (91253,91280,91641,103776). Conversely, some clinical research shows that whey protein is superior to casein protein for improving strength and body composition in recreational bodybuilders (16728). Clinical research comparing casein protein to creatine daily after exercise shows that both supplement regimens have similar effects on strength in untrained men; however, creatine increases body mass by an additional 2.4 kg when compared with casein protein (91251). The reasons for these conflicting outcomes are not clear. Variable outcomes may be related to the population studied, the exercise regimen used, and the dietary advice provided to study participants. Although some have hypothesized that the timing of casein protein intake with respect to resistance training and/or sleep might alter effectiveness (111440), clinical research does not support this theory. Taking casein protein either before or after exercise does not appear to alter its effect on athletic performance (86071,91260).
• Cirrhosis. Preliminary clinical research in adults with stable cirrhosis who are unable to maintain adequate protein intake shows that taking a casein protein-based supplement (Ensure, Ross Laboratories) 20-60 grams daily for 4-6 days improves mental status when compared with taking a branched-chain amino acid supplement (91267).
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Muscle wasting is a common complication in patients with COPD. Preliminary clinical research in adults with COPD shows that taking casein protein 29.5 grams two hours prior to exercise increases protein synthesis when compared with whey protein (91263). Despite these findings, clinical research in adults with COPD shows that taking casein protein 20 grams daily for 8 weeks does not improve lung or muscle function when compared with baseline or whey protein. Furthermore, taking casein protein in conjunction with exercise training for 8 weeks is less effective than whey protein for improving endurance and fatigue in patients with COPD (86025).
• Diabetes. A clinical study in men with diabetes shows that drinking a beverage containing carbohydrates and casein protein 0.3 g/kg as a single dose increases plasma insulin levels and tends to lower levels of plasma glucose when compared with placebo. However, there was no difference between beverages containing intact casein protein or casein peptides (91276). Furthermore, a small clinical study in patients with diabetes shows that taking sodium caseinate (Saneigien) 15 grams by mouth as a single dose does not lower postprandial blood glucose, but seems to increase postprandial insulin levels by 36% and glucagon levels by about 14%, when compared with placebo (91299).
• Diarrhea. Preliminary clinical research in infants with prolonged dehydrating gastroenteritis shows that consuming formula containing casein protein, soy protein, or whey protein as 160 mL/kg daily reduces stool weight when compared with cow's milk formula (91646).
• Exercise-induced muscle soreness. Preliminary clinical research in cyclists shows that drinking 1000 mL of a supplement containing 5% casein protein and 2% carbohydrates does not improve time trial performance when compared with supplements containing either 2% carbohydrates and 5% whey protein, or 7% carbohydrates and no protein (86303). Additionally, preliminary clinical research in athletes performing intensive resistance training shows that taking a specific protein supplement (New Whey Liquid Protein, IDS Sports), containing casein protein, whey protein, collagen protein, and branched chain amino acids, 42 grams before and after exercise, does not reduce muscle soreness when compared with placebo (85945).
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Preliminary clinical research in neurologically impaired children with GERD shows that taking a specific casein protein formula (Osmolite, Ross Laboratories) is less effective than taking a specific whey protein formula (Peptamen, Clintec Nutrition) for reducing GERD episode frequency and duration. However, in infants with GERD, the effects of casein protein and whey protein appear to be similar (86231).
• Hepatic encephalopathy. Preliminary clinical research in adults with chronic hepatic encephalopathy shows that taking casein protein daily for 3 months is less effective than branched-chain amino acid therapy for improving symptoms of encephalopathy. Replacement of casein protein with branched-chain amino acid therapy after these 3 months led to improvements in encephalopathy symptoms (690).
• Hepatitis C. Preliminary clinical research in adults with chronic hepatitis C infection shows that taking casein protein 32 grams daily for 12 weeks improves health-related quality of life when compared with baseline. This improvement is similar to consuming soy protein 32 grams daily (91270).
• Hyperlipidemia. Clinical research assessing the effects of casein protein on blood lipids is conflicting. Casein protein is commonly used as a control treatment in clinical trials assessing other protein sources, including soy, barley, whey, and lupin. The majority of these studies show that casein protein has no effect on lipid levels in healthy and hyperlipidemic adults (842,2294,6412,8530,8963,75149,75219,75242,75276,75580)(91274,75240,75512,75540,75545,75615,86011,91273,91279,91281). However, some small preliminary clinical studies show that taking casein protein 35-40 grams daily for 6-12 weeks improves total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol when compared with baseline in healthy and hyperlipidemic patients (8963,75149,91281). Also, casein protein seems to improve lipoprotein(a) levels, with some clinical studies showing lipoprotein(a) reductions of more than 50% with casein protein when compared with soy protein (75149,75219).
• Hypertension. The effects of casein protein on blood pressure are unclear. Clinical research in overweight and obese adults shows that taking casein protein 54 grams daily for 12 weeks reduces diastolic blood pressure, but not systolic blood pressure, by 3% when compared with a control diet (85981). Preliminary clinical research in obese, sedentary women shows that taking casein protein 30 grams daily, in conjunction with moderate intensity exercise for 4 weeks, reduces systolic blood pressure, but not diastolic blood pressure, by 7 mmHg compared with a control diet and moderate intensity exercise (91280).
• Obesity. Most clinical research shows that supplementation with casein protein does not reduce body weight or appetite when compared to control in overweight and obese patients (86011,86105,91286). However, some clinical research in overweight patients shows that consumption of a liquid snack containing 30 grams of casein or whey protein extends the duration of satiety compared with a carbohydrate snack (91284). Additionally, some research in obese patients shows that taking casein protein or whey protein 25 grams twice daily for 12 weeks improves weight maintenance after weight loss when compared with control (85932). Also, while some research suggests that whey protein is superior to casein protein for appetite suppression (91286), most clinical research shows that casein protein, whey protein, and soy protein have similar effects on weight loss and satiety (86011,91272,91284,91294). Preliminary clinical research in overweight children shows that drinking 1000 mL of a milk drink containing 35 grams of casein protein in place of water daily for 12 weeks increases body mass index when compared with water (86144). More evidence is needed to rate the effectiveness of casein protein for these uses.

(Read more about CASEIN PROTEIN)

LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately. Casein protein has been safely used in clinical trials lasting up to 12 months (16728,85932,91251,91253,91255,91266,91267,91268,91286,91294)(91641).

CHILDREN: POSSIBLY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately. Casein protein formulas have been safely used in healthy, premature, and very low birth weight infants (91646,91667).

PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using in amounts greater than those found in foods.

(Read more about CASEIN PROTEIN)

(Read more about CASEIN PROTEIN)

General ...Orally, casein protein is well tolerated in adults and seems to be well tolerated in infants. Side effects reported in clinical trials did not occur more commonly than placebo (85932,91251,91266,91286,91294,91299,91641,91646,91667). Some of these reported side effects include diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, and delayed gastric emptying (91640,91667). In preterm infants, casein protein has been associated with an increased risk for metabolic acidosis (91667,91671). Rarely, casein protein has been reported to cause allergic reaction (91629).

Gastrointestinal ...Orally, casein protein-based enteral nutrition has been reported to cause diarrhea and vomiting in adults (91640). Casein protein-predominant formula has been reported to cause constipation in infants (91667). Casein protein-based formula can delay gastric emptying when compared with whey protein-based formula (86084,86103).

Immunologic ...Rarely, allergic reaction to casein protein has been reported. Symptoms include skin reactions, difficulty breathing, gastrointestinal distress, and anaphylaxis (91629). At one time, casein protein was thought to be the major allergenic and antigenic protein in cow's milk (91627). However, it is now known that no specific protein or peptide in cow's milk is primarily responsible for cow's milk allergy; casein protein is used as a common alternative to cow's milk formula (91628).

Other ...Orally, casein protein-predominant formula has been associated with an increased risk for metabolic acidosis in preterm infants when compared to using humanized whey protein-predominant or special low birth weight formulas (91671).

(Read more about CASEIN PROTEIN)