| Ingredients | Amt. Per Serv. |
|---|---|
|
(Vitamin B-1)
(Thiamine Hydrochloride)
|
5 mg |
|
(Niacinamide)
|
5 mg |
| 15 mg | |
| 20 mg |
Water, Purified, Cane Sugar, Natural Flavors, Potassium Sorbate (Alt. Name: K Sorbate), Stevia Rebaudioside A (Form: Stevia leaf extract PlantPart: leaf Genus: Stevia)
Below is general information about the effectiveness of the known ingredients contained in the product ATP-Fuel Natural Peppermint Vanilla Flavor. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
Below is general information about the safety of the known ingredients contained in the product ATP-Fuel Natural Peppermint Vanilla Flavor. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately. L-carnitine has been safely used in clinical trials lasting up to 12 months (1947,3620,3621,3623,3624,3625,3626,3627,3628,3629) (3630,3639,4949,8047,9790,12352,16104,16105,16106,16107) (16109,16110,23437,26496,26499,58150,58156,58161,58169,58182) (58189,58204,58207,58209,58213,58294,58523,58554,58556,58647) (58679,58715,58778,58793,58830,58831,58882,59023,59029,59043) (90624,90633,104177,111872,111876,111883,111884,111891,111898). ...when used parenterally as an FDA-approved prescription medicine. Avoid using D-carnitine and DL-carnitine. These forms of carnitine can act as competitive inhibitors of L-carnitine and may cause symptoms of L-carnitine deficiency (1946).
CHILDREN: POSSIBLY SAFE
when used orally or intravenously and appropriately.
L-carnitine has been safely used orally in children for up to 6 months (1433,3622,58166,58502,58981,59188,111887,111900). It has also been safely used orally and intravenously in preterm infants (3633,3634,3635,3636,3637,58163,58190,58800,58902,59097)(59161).
PREGNANCY:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
LACTATION: POSSIBLY SAFE
when used orally.
Supplemental doses of L-carnitine have been given to infants in breast milk and formula with no reported adverse effects. The effects of large doses used while nursing are unknown, but L-carnitine is secreted in the breast milk (3616).
LIKELY SAFE ...when prescription products are used orally and appropriately (12033). ...when niacinamide supplements are taken orally in doses below the tolerable upper intake level (UL) set by the Institute of Medicine (IOM). The UL of niacinamide is 30 mg daily for adults 18 years of age and 35 mg daily for adults 19 years and older (6243).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally in doses greater than 30 mg but less than 900 mg daily. The European Food Safety Authority has set the tolerable upper intake level (UL) of niacinamide at 900 mg daily (104937). However, oral niacinamide has been safely used in doses up to 1500 mg daily for 12 weeks in some clinical trials (25561,94188,98940,107709,110502). ...when used topically and appropriately for up to 12 weeks (5940,93360,110498,110501).
CHILDREN: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately.
Niacinamide has been safely used in children for up to 7 years in doses below the tolerable upper intake level (UL) (4874,9957). The UL of niacinamide for children by age is: 1-3 years, 10 mg daily; 4-8 years, 15 mg daily; 9-13 years, 20 mg daily; 14-18 years, 30 mg daily (6243).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally in amounts that do not exceed the tolerable upper intake level (UL) for niacinamide.
The UL of niacinamide during pregnancy and lactation is 30 mg daily for those 14-18 years of age and 35 mg daily for those 19 years and older (6243). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of larger oral doses of niacinamide or topical niacinamide; avoid using.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used in amounts commonly found in food. Consuming ribose up to 36 mg/kg daily from food sources is considered safe by the European Food Safety Authority (103292). ...when used orally and appropriately, short-term (15218,15723,15724,15725,15726,15727,15728,15729,15730). Ribose has been used safely at doses up to 15 grams daily for up to 12 weeks (15218,15725,15727,15730,71601,100680,103291,108959). ...when used intravenously and appropriately, short-term (5662,5663,5676,5680,71603). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of ribose when used long-term.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately. A tolerable upper intake level (UL) has not been established for thiamine, and doses up to 50 mg daily have been used without adverse effects (15,6243). ...when used intravenously or intramuscularly and appropriately. Injectable thiamine is an FDA-approved prescription product (15,105445).
CHILDREN: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately in dietary amounts.
A tolerable upper intake level (UL) has not been established for healthy individuals (6243).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally in dietary amounts of 1.
4 mg daily. A tolerable upper intake level (UL) has not been established for healthy individuals (3094,6243).
Below is general information about the interactions of the known ingredients contained in the product ATP-Fuel Natural Peppermint Vanilla Flavor. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
Theoretically, L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol.
 Details
L-carnitine might enhance the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol, an oral anticoagulant similar to warfarin, but shorter-acting (9878,12165). There are at least two case reports of INR elevation with concomitant use. In one case, a 33-year-old male with a previously stable INR had an elevated INR of 4.65 after L-carnitine was started and continued for 10 weeks. INR normalized after discontinuation of the L-carnitine-containing product (12165).
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Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
Details
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Theoretically, L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
Details
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Theoretically, niacinamide may have additive effects when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs, especially in patients on hemodialysis.
Details
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Niacinamide might increase the levels and adverse effects of carbamazepine.
Details
Plasma levels of carbamazepine were increased in two children given high-dose niacinamide, 60-80 mg/kg/day. This might be due to inhibition of the cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in carbamazepine metabolism (14506). There is not enough data to determine the clinical significance of this interaction.
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Niacinamide might increase the levels and adverse effects of primidone.
Details
Case reports in children suggest niacinamide 60-100 mg/kg/day reduces hepatic metabolism of primidone to phenobarbital, and reduces the overall clearance rate of primidone (14506); however, there is not enough data to determine the clinical significance of this potential interaction.
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Theoretically, taking ribose in combination with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Details
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Theoretically, taking ribose with insulin could increase the hypoglycemic effect of insulin.
Details
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Trimethoprim might increase blood levels of thiamine.
Details
In vitro, animal, and clinical research suggest that trimethoprim inhibits intestinal thiamine transporter ThTR-2, hepatic transporter OCT1, and renal transporters OCT2, MATE1, and MATE2, resulting in paradoxically increased thiamine plasma concentrations (111678).
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Below is general information about the adverse effects of the known ingredients contained in the product ATP-Fuel Natural Peppermint Vanilla Flavor. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
General
...Orally and intravenously, L-carnitine is generally well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
All routes of administration: Abdominal cramps, abdominal pain, diarrhea, gastritis, heartburn, nausea, reduced appetite, and vomiting. A fish-like body odor has also been reported.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
All routes of administration: Seizures.
Cardiovascular ...According to population research, plasma L-carnitine levels are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and major cardiac events (90635). However, oral supplementation with L-carnitine does not appear to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. In fact, a meta-analysis of clinical research shows that L-carnitine supplementation is associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality, as well as ventricular arrhythmias and the development of angina and does not increase the development of heart failure or myocardial reinfarction (59037). Also, another meta-analysis suggests that L-carnitine does not affect mortality or cardiovascular outcomes in patients with a previous myocardial infarction (90630).
Dermatologic ...Orally, L-carnitine has been reported to cause skin rash in a small number of cases (16105,91724). Two patients in a hair growth study using topical carnitine reported mild itching and increased dandruff, while a third reported strong itching with reddish bumps and a burning sensation (58390). When a specific formulation containing L-carnitine, licochalcone, and 1,2-decanediol was applied to the face, mild skin dryness and tightness was reported by 12% of volunteers, compared with 4% to 8% of those in the vehicle-only control group (26493).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally and intravenously, L-carnitine has been associated with nausea, epigastric discomfort, vomiting, abdominal cramps, heartburn, gastritis, anorexia, and diarrhea (3616,3624,59030,95069,95070,101562,107410,111870,111887,111891). Orally, diarrhea or colitis symptoms (1433,3630,16105,16107,16111,23437,58523,58554,59020,90623), nausea and abdominal pain (16105,16106,26499,58169,58392,58554,90623,90634), indigestion (26703), and constipation (58523) have been reported in various clinical trials.
Hematologic ...In one case report, L-carnitine 990 mg twice daily was started in a female presenting to hospital with valproic acid toxicity. Blood phosphorous levels subsequently fell from 2.3 mg/dL to 1.3 mg/dL over 4 days. After discontinuation of L-carnitine, blood phosphorus levels increased to 1.8 mg/dL. The authors suggested that the role of L-carnitine in improved protein metabolism may play a role in the declining levels of phosphorous in the blood and increased risk of hypophosphatemia (90628).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally or intravenously, L-carnitine has been associated with seizures (3616). Orally, use of L-carnitine in clinical trials has resulted in headache, although this event is rare (58554,95070,111891). L-carnitine may also cause agitation (95070).
Other ...Orally or intravenously, L-carnitine has been associated with a fish-like body odor (1433,3616,58166,59854,90623). One of its metabolites, trimethylamine N-oxide, can cause the urine, breath, and sweat to have a fishy odor (12756,58664).
General
...Orally, niacinamide is well tolerated in amounts typically found in food.
When used topically and orally in higher doses, niacinamide seems to be generally well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Dizziness, drowsiness, itching, gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, and rash.
Topically: Burning sensation, itching, and mild dermatitis.
Dermatologic ...Orally, large doses of niacinamide are associated with occasional reports of rashes, itching, and acanthosis nigricans (4880,11695,11697,14504,107709). Topically, application of niacinamide in a cream has been reported to cause a burning sensation, itching and pruritus, crusting, and mild dermatitis (93357,93360,110501,110498).
Endocrine ...Orally, niacinamide in high doses, 50 mg/kg daily, has been associated with modestly higher insulin requirements in patients with type 1 diabetes, when compared with taking niacinamide 25 mg/kg daily. Theoretically, high-dose niacinamide might increase insulin resistance, although to a lesser extent than niacin (4881,14512).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, large doses of niacinamide can cause gastrointestinal disturbances including nausea, vomiting, heartburn, anorexia, epigastric pain, flatulence, and diarrhea (6243,11694,11695,11696,11697,107709).
Hematologic ...Orally, niacinamide supplementation might increase the risk for thrombocytopenia in patients undergoing hemodialysis (98940,107709). A meta-analysis of small clinical studies shows that taking niacinamide during hemodialysis to reduce phosphate levels is associated with a 2.8-fold increased risk for thrombocytopenia when compared with placebo. In one of the included studies, platelet levels returned to normal within 20 days after niacinamide discontinuation (98940).
Hepatic ...Orally, older reports of elevated liver function tests with high doses of niacinamide (3 grams or more daily) have raised concerns about liver toxicity. However, newer studies have not reported this concern; it is possible that some of these cases were due to contamination with niacin (4880,11694,11695,14503).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, large doses of niacinamide can cause dizziness, drowsiness, and headaches (11694,11695,11696,11697,107709).
General
...Orally and intravenously, ribose is generally well-tolerated for up to 1 month.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Diarrhea, gastrointestinal discomfort, headache, hypoglycemia, nausea.
Intravenously: Hypoglycemia.
Endocrine
...Orally, ribose can decrease blood glucose levels (5667,92891).
In one pharmacokinetic study, fasting plasma glucose declined after single ribose doses of 2.5-10 grams. At all doses, serum glucose returned to near normal 2 hours post-administration but remained slightly below pre-dose levels for up to 5 hours. One case of symptomatic hypoglycemia 70 minutes post-dose was reported in a 53 kg female who took ribose 10 grams. The reaction was considered mild; however, specific blood glucose levels were not reported (92891).
Intravenously, ribose has been reported to cause hypoglycemia, increased serum insulin levels, and decreased serum phosphate (5650,5662,5663,5676).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, ribose can cause diarrhea, gastrointestinal discomfort, and nausea (5664,5676,15218,92891). In one study, lowering the dose of ribose resolved the nausea (15218).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, ribose can cause headache (5664,92891). It has also been reported to cause a hyperanxious feeling, lightheadedness, increased appetite, and mild anxiety (15218). In one study, lowering the dose of ribose resolved the feeling of anxiety (15218).
General
...Orally and parenterally, thiamine is generally well tolerated.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Parenterally: Hypersensitivity reactions including angioedema and anaphylaxis.
Immunologic
...Orally, thiamine might rarely cause dermatitis and other allergic reactions.
Parenterally, thiamine can cause anaphylactoid and hypersensitivity reactions, but this is also rare (<0.1%). Reported symptoms and events include feelings of warmth, tingling, pruritus, urticaria, tightness of the throat, cyanosis, respiratory distress, gastrointestinal bleeding, pulmonary edema, angioedema, hypotension, and death (15,35585,105445).
In one case report, a 46-year-old female presented with systemic allergic dermatitis after applying a specific product (Inzitan, containing lidocaine, dexamethasone, cyanocobalamin and thiamine) topically by iontophoresis; the allergic reaction was attributed to thiamine (91170).
