| Ingredients | Amount Per Serving |
|---|---|
|
(as Magnesium Oxide)
(Magnesium (Form: as Magnesium Oxide) )
|
250 mg |
|
(root)
|
1000 mg |
|
(Senna )
(leaf)
|
250 mg |
|
( uva ursi )
|
250 mg |
|
(leaf)
|
125 mg |
|
(Irvingia gabonensis )
(7% Albumins)
(Irvingia gabonensis (Form: 7% Albumins) Genus: Irvingia Species: gabonensis )
|
100 mg |
|
(Cissus quadrangularis )
(2.5% Ketosterones)
(Cissus quadrangularis (Form: 2.5% Ketosterones) Genus: Cissus Species: quadrangularis )
|
100 mg |
|
Lady’s Mantle
|
60 mg |
|
(berry)
|
50 mg |
|
(leaf)
|
50 mg |
|
(seed)
|
25 mg |
|
(leaf)
|
20 mg |
|
(Lactobacillus acidophilus )
(CFU: at time of manufacture)
(Lactobacillus acidophilus Genus: Lactobacillus Species: acidophilus Note: CFU: at time of manufacture )
|
1000000000 CFU |
vegetarian Gelatin, Cellulose, Magnesium Stearate
Below is general information about the effectiveness of the known ingredients contained in the product 7-Day Detox. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
There is insufficient reliable information available about the effectiveness of buchu.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
There is insufficient reliable information available about the effectiveness of juniper.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
There is insufficient reliable information available about the effectiveness of wild mint.
Below is general information about the safety of the known ingredients contained in the product 7-Day Detox. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
LIKELY SAFE ...when the leaf is used in amounts commonly found in foods. Buchu has Generally Recognized As Safe status (GRAS) for use in foods in the US (4912).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when the leaf is used orally and appropriately in medicinal amounts (2,12).
POSSIBLY UNSAFE ...when excessive amounts of buchu leaf are taken orally or when the oil is ingested. Buchu contains pulegone, a known hepatotoxin (4). Pulegone is a major component of the oil. It is more abundant in buchu products that come from Agathosma crenulata (93681).
PREGNANCY: LIKELY UNSAFE
when used in medicinal amounts; buchu is reported to be an abortifacient (4).
LACTATION: POSSIBLY SAFE
when used in food amounts.
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of using larger amounts; avoid using.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately, short-term. Preparations of Cissus quadrangularis dried herb have been used with apparent safety in doses up to 1600 mg for 24 weeks (93634,95923,112140). An Ayurvedic preparation of the dried herb has been used with apparent safety in doses of 6-10 grams daily for 4-6 weeks (95921,95922). Some research shows that a specific Cissus quadrangularis product (SuperCissus, USPlabs) can be used safely in a dose of 3.2 grams daily for up to 8 weeks (93633). Other research shows that another specific Cissus quadrangularis extract (CQR-300; Gateway Health Alliance) has been used with apparent safety in a dose of 300 mg daily for up to 10 weeks (15609,16457,93637,99257).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally in amounts commonly found in foods. Cumin and cumin oil have Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status in the US (4912).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when the powder or essential oil is used orally and appropriately in medicinal amounts, short-term (12). Cumin essential oil has been used with apparent safety in doses up to 225 mg daily for up to 8 weeks or 100 mg daily for up to 6 months (100160,100162,104143). Cumin powder has been used with apparent safety in doses up to 3 grams daily for up to 6 months (100161,100162). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of cumin powder or essential oil when used orally, long-term.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using in excess of food amounts.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally in amounts commonly found in foods. Dandelion has Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) status in the US (4912).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately in medicinal amounts (12).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using amounts greater than those in foods.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when Irvingia gabonensis seed extract is used orally and appropriately, short-term. Irvingia gabonensis crude seed extract has been used safely in doses of up to 1.05 grams three times daily for up to 12 weeks (17069,104524,104525). A standardized seed extract (IGOB131) has been used safely in doses up to 150 mg twice daily for up to 12 weeks (17070,112220).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally in amounts commonly found in foods. Juniper, juniper berry, and juniper extract have Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status in the US (4912).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used topically on limited areas of skin (12230). ...when the oil is used by inhalation and appropriately as aromatherapy (7107). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of juniper when used orally in doses of less than 10 grams of berries or 100 mg of oil daily, short-term. Juniper oil and berry have a long history of traditional use (12,103759).
LIKELY UNSAFE ...when used orally in excessive amounts or long-term. Use of daily doses greater than 10 grams of juniper berries (about 60 berries) or 100 mg of juniper essential oil, or prolonged oral use longer than 4 weeks, have been reported to increase the risk of severe adverse effects such as convulsions or kidney damage (8,19,103759).
PREGNANCY: UNSAFE
when used orally.
Juniper can increase uterine tone, interfere with fertility and implantation, and cause abortion (4,19).
LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately. Lactobacillus acidophilus has been safely used as part of multi-ingredient probiotic products in studies lasting up to nine months (1731,6087,14370,14371,90231,90296,92255,103438,12775,107581)(110950,110970,110979,110998,111785,111793). ...when used intravaginally and appropriately. L. acidophilus has been used safely in studies lasting up to 12 weeks (12108,13176,13177,90265). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of non-viable, heat-killed L. acidophilus formulations when used orally.
CHILDREN: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately in children of most ages.
Lactobacillus acidophilus has been safely used for up to 5 days (96887). Also, combination probiotics containing L. acidophilus have been used with apparent safety in various doses and durations. L. acidophilus has been combined with Bifidobacterium animalis (HOWARU Protect, Danisco) for up to 6 months in children 3-5 years old (16847), with Bifidobacterium bifidum for 6 weeks (90602,96890), with Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (Complete Probiotic Platinum) for 18 months in children 4 months to 5 years of age (103436), and in a specific product (Visbiome, ExeGi Pharma) containing a total of 8 species for 3 months in children 2-12 years old (107497). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of L. acidophilus in preterm infants with a birth weight under 1000 grams. Cases of bacteremia have occurred rarely in preterm infants given other probiotics (102416,111610,111612,111613,111850,111852,111853). The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued a warning about cases of serious infections caused by probiotics reported in very preterm or very low birth weight infants under 1000 grams (111610). Similarly, the American Academy of Pediatrics does not support the routine administration of probiotics to these infants due to conflicting data on safety and efficacy (111608).
PREGNANCY: POSSIBLY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately.
A combination of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lacticaseibacillus casei, and Bifidobacterium bifidum has been used with apparent safety for 6 weeks, starting at 24-28 weeks' gestation (95416,98430).
LACTATION:
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of Lactobacillus acidophilus during lactation.
However, there are currently no reasons to expect safety concerns when used appropriately.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately. Oral magnesium is safe when used in doses below the tolerable upper intake level (UL) of 350 mg daily (7555). ...when used parenterally and appropriately. Parenteral magnesium sulfate is an FDA-approved prescription product (96484).
POSSIBLY UNSAFE ...when used orally in excessive doses. Doses greater than the tolerable upper intake level (UL) of 350 mg daily frequently cause loose stools and diarrhea (7555).
CHILDREN: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately.
Magnesium is safe when used in doses below the tolerable upper intake level (UL) of 65 mg daily for children 1 to 3 years, 110 mg daily for children 4 to 8 years, and 350 mg daily for children older than 8 years (7555,89396). ...when used parenterally and appropriately (96483).
CHILDREN: LIKELY UNSAFE
when used orally in excessive doses.
Tell patients not to use doses above the tolerable upper intake level (UL). Higher doses can cause diarrhea and symptomatic hypermagnesemia including hypotension, nausea, vomiting, and bradycardia (7555,8095).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately.
Magnesium is safe for those pregnant and breast-feeding when used in doses below the tolerable upper intake level (UL) of 350 mg daily (7555).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: POSSIBLY SAFE
when prescription magnesium sulfate is given intramuscularly and intravenously prior to delivery for up to 5 days (12592,89397,99354,99355).
However, due to potential adverse effects associated with intravenous and intramuscular magnesium, use during pregnancy is limited to patients with specific conditions such as severe pre-eclampsia or eclampsia. There is some evidence that intravenous magnesium can increase fetal mortality and adversely affect neurological and skeletal development (12590,12593,60818,99354,99355). However, a more recent analysis of clinical research shows that increased risk of fetal mortality seems to occur only in the studies where antenatal magnesium is used for tocolysis and not for fetal neuroprotection or pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (102457). Furthermore, antenatal magnesium does not seem to be associated with increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants (104396). There is also concern that magnesium increases the risk of maternal adverse events. A meta-analysis of clinical research shows that magnesium sulfate might increase the risk of maternal adverse events, especially in Hispanic mothers compared to other racial and ethnic groups (60971,99319).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: POSSIBLY UNSAFE
when used orally in excessive doses.
Tell patients to avoid exceeding the tolerable upper intake level (UL) of 350 mg daily. Taking magnesium orally in higher doses can cause diarrhea (7555). ...when prescription magnesium sulfate is given intramuscularly and intravenously prior to delivery for longer than 5 days (12592,89397,99354,99355). Maternal exposure to magnesium for longer than 5-7 days is associated with an increase in neonatal bone abnormalities such as osteopenia and fractures. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends that magnesium injection not be given for longer than 5-7 days (12590,12593,60818,99354,99355).
LIKELY SAFE ...when olive fruit is used orally and appropriately in amounts commonly found in foods.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when olive leaf extract is used orally and appropriately. Olive leaf extract providing 51-100 mg oleuropein daily has been used with apparent safety for 6-8 weeks (92245,92247,101860). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of olive fruit extract when used in amounts greater than those found in foods.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; stick with amounts commonly found in foods.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately, short-term. Senna is an FDA-approved nonprescription drug (8424,15429,15431,15442,40086,40088,74535,74545,74548,74562)(74567,74570,74583,74585,74586,74587,74593,74603,74606,74607)(74609,74613,74615,74624,74636,74639,74644,74650,74653,92711)(92712).
POSSIBLY UNSAFE ...when used orally long-term or in high doses. Long-term, frequent use, or use of high doses has been linked to serious side effects including laxative dependence and liver toxicity (13057,13095).
CHILDREN: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately, short-term.
Senna is an FDA-approved nonprescription drug for use in children 2 years and older. (15429,15434,15435).
CHILDREN: POSSIBLY UNSAFE
when used orally long-term or in high doses.
Long-term, frequent use, or use of high doses has been linked to serious side effects including laxative dependence and liver toxicity (13057,13095,105956).
PREGNANCY: POSSIBLY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately, short-term (15429,24480).
POSSIBLY UNSAFE...when used orally long-term or in high doses. Long-term, frequent use, or use of high doses has been linked to serious side effects including laxative dependence and liver toxicity (13057,13095).
LACTATION: POSSIBLY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately, short term.
Although small amounts of constituents of senna cross into breast milk, senna has been taken while breast-feeding with apparent safety. Senna does not cause changes in the frequency or consistency of infants' stools. (6026,15429,15436,15437,24482,24484,24485,24486,24487,74545).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately, short-term. Uva ursi has been used with apparent safety in doses of up to 3600 mg daily for 3-5 days (101815).
POSSIBLY UNSAFE ...when used orally long-term or in high doses. There is concern about the safety of long-term or high-dose use because of the hydroquinone content of uva ursi. Hydroquinone is thought to have mutagenic and carcinogenic effects (7). At high doses (around 20 grams of dried herb) it can cause convulsions, cyanosis, delirium, shortness of breath, and collapse. At very high doses (30 grams of dried herb or more) it can be fatal (4).
CHILDREN: POSSIBLY UNSAFE
when used orally by children.
Uva ursi contains hydroquinone and high tannin levels, which can cause severe liver problems in children (4,18); avoid using.
PREGNANCY: LIKELY UNSAFE
when used orally.
Uva ursi can have oxytocic effects, increasing the speed of labor (4,7,19); avoid using.
LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of wild mint.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
Below is general information about the interactions of the known ingredients contained in the product 7-Day Detox. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
Buchu may have antiplatelet effects (6002). Theoretically, buchu may enhance the effects of anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs and increase the risk of bleeding in some patients. Some anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs include aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), dalteparin (Fragmin), enoxaparin (Lovenox), heparin, ticlopidine (Ticlid), warfarin (Coumadin), and others.
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Buchu contains pulegone, a known hepatotoxin (4,93681). There is some concern that buchu may adversely affect the liver, especially when the leaf is used in large doses or the oil is ingested (93681). Theoretically, concomitant use with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage. Some of these drugs include acarbose (Precose, Prandase), amiodarone (Cordarone), atorvastatin (Lipitor), azathioprine (Imuran), carbamazepine (Tegretol), cerivastatin (Baycol), diclofenac (Voltaren), felbamate (Felbatol), fenofibrate (Tricor), fluvastatin (Lescol), gemfibrozil (Lopid), isoniazid, itraconazole, (Sporanox), ketoconazole (Nizoral), leflunomide (Arava), lovastatin (Mevacor), methotrexate (Rheumatrex), nevirapine (Viramune), niacin, nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin), pioglitazone (Actos), pravastatin (Pravachol), pyrazinamide, rifampin (Rifadin), ritonavir (Norvir), rosiglitazone (Avandia), simvastatin (Zocor), tacrine (Cognex), tamoxifen, terbinafine (Lamisil), valproic acid, and zileuton (Zyflo)
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Buchu is thought to have diuretic properties (93681). Theoretically, buchu might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.
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Theoretically, Cissus quadrangularis might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
 Details
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Theoretically, cumin might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Details
In vitro evidence suggests that cumin can inhibit platelet aggregation (46897). Theoretically, cumin might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
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Theoretically, cumin might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Details
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Theoretically, cumin might increase the effects and adverse effects of rifampin.
Details
Animal research suggests that an aqueous extract of cumin containing a specific flavonoid glycoside can increase the bioavailability and plasma levels of rifampin (46876).
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Theoretically, taking dandelion root along with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
Details
In vitro research suggests that dandelion root inhibits platelet aggregation (18291).
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Theoretically, dandelion might increase the risk for hypoglycemia when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Details
Laboratory research suggests that dandelion extract may have moderate alpha-glucosidase inhibitor activity and might also increase insulin secretion (13474,90926). Also, in a case report, a 58-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes who was being treated with insulin developed hypoglycemia 2 weeks after beginning to eat salads containing dandelion (46960).
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Theoretically, dandelion might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Details
Laboratory research suggests that dandelion might inhibit CYP1A2 (12734). So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans. However, until more is known, watch for an increase in the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2 in patients taking dandelion.
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Theoretically, dandelion might increase the clearance of drugs that are UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates.
Details
There is some preliminary evidence that dandelion might induce UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, a phase II enzyme (12734).
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Theoretically, through diuretic effects, dandelion might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
Details
Animal research suggests that dandelion has diuretic properties (13475). As diuretics can increase serum lithium levels, the dose of lithium might need to be decreased when taken with dandelion.
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Theoretically, dandelion might increase the risk of hyperkalemia when taken with potassium-sparing diuretics.
Details
Dandelion contains significant amounts of potassium (13465).
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Theoretically, dandelion might lower fluoroquinolone levels.
Details
Animal research shows that dandelion reduces absorption of ciprofloxacin and can lower levels by 73% (13477). However, this effect has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, taking Irvingia gabonensis with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia in some patients.
Details
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Theoretically, taking Irvingia gabonensis with testosterone products drugs might cause additive effects in some patients.
Details
Animal research suggests that Irvingia gabonensis increases testosterone levels (61613). The mechanism of action is unclear. Until more is known, advise patients taking testosterone to avoid using or use Irvingia gabonensis cautiously.
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Animal research suggests that juniper berry has hypoglycemic activity (4). Theoretically, taking juniper berry with antidiabetes medications might cause additive blood glucose reduction. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments to antidiabetes medications might be necessary.
Details
Some antidiabetes drugs include glimepiride (Amaryl), glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase PresTab, Micronase), insulin, pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia), chlorpropamide (Diabinese), glipizide (Glucotrol), tolbutamide (Orinase), and others.
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Juniper berry can cause the body to lose water. Theoretically, juniper berry might increase the effectiveness of diuretic therapy, causing the body to lose too much water and increasing the likelihood of experiencing side effects (4, 512).
Details
Some diuretic drugs include chlorothiazide (Diuril), chlorthalidone (Thalitone), furosemide (Lasix), hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ, Hydrodiuril, Microzide), and others.
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Juniper berry might have mild diuretic effects (4,512). Theoretically, due to these potential diuretic effects, juniper berry might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.
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Theoretically, taking Lactobacillus acidophilus with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of L. acidophilus.
Details
L. acidophilus preparations usually contain live and active organisms. Therefore, simultaneously taking antibiotics might kill a significant number of the organisms (1740). Tell patients to separate administration of antibiotics and L. acidophilus preparations by at least two hours.
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Concomitant use of aminoglycoside antibiotics and magnesium can increase the risk for neuromuscular weakness.
Details
Both aminoglycosides and magnesium reduce presynaptic acetylcholine release, which can lead to neuromuscular blockade and possible paralysis. This is most likely to occur with high doses of magnesium given intravenously (13362).
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Use of acid reducers may reduce the laxative effect of magnesium oxide.
Details
A retrospective analysis shows that, in the presence of H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), a higher dose of magnesium oxide is needed for a laxative effect (90033). This may also occur with antacids. Under acidic conditions, magnesium oxide is converted to magnesium chloride and then to magnesium bicarbonate, which has an osmotic laxative effect. By reducing acidity, antacids may reduce the conversion of magnesium oxide to the active bicarbonate salt.
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Theoretically, magnesium may have antiplatelet effects, but the evidence is conflicting.
Details
In vitro evidence shows that magnesium sulfate inhibits platelet aggregation, even at low concentrations (20304,20305). Some preliminary clinical evidence shows that infusion of magnesium sulfate increases bleeding time by 48% and reduces platelet activity (20306). However, other clinical research shows that magnesium does not affect platelet aggregation, although inhibition of platelet-dependent thrombosis can occur (60759).
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Magnesium can decrease absorption of bisphosphonates.
Details
Cations, including magnesium, can decrease bisphosphonate absorption. Advise patients to separate doses of magnesium and these drugs by at least 2 hours (13363).
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Magnesium can have additive effects with calcium channel blockers, although evidence is conflicting.
Details
Magnesium inhibits calcium entry into smooth muscle cells and may therefore have additive effects with calcium channel blockers. Severe hypotension and neuromuscular blockades may occur when nifedipine is used with intravenous magnesium (3046,20264,20265,20266), although some contradictory evidence suggests that concurrent use of magnesium with nifedipine does not increase the risk of neuromuscular weakness (60831). High doses of magnesium could theoretically have additive effects with other calcium channel blockers.
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Magnesium salts may reduce absorption of digoxin.
Details
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Gabapentin absorption can be decreased by magnesium.
Details
Clinical research shows that giving magnesium oxide orally along with gabapentin decreases the maximum plasma concentration of gabapentin by 33%, time to maximum concentration by 36%, and area under the curve by 43% (90032). Advise patients to take gabapentin at least 2 hours before, or 4 to 6 hours after, magnesium supplements.
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Magnesium might precipitate ketamine toxicity.
Details
In one case report, a 62-year-old hospice patient with terminal cancer who had been stabilized on sublingual ketamine 150 mg four times daily experienced severe ketamine toxicity lasting for 2 hours after taking a maintenance dose of ketamine following an infusion of magnesium sulfate 2 grams (105078). Since both magnesium and ketamine block the NMDA receptor, magnesium is thought to have potentiated the effects of ketamine.
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Magnesium can reduce the bioavailability of levodopa/carbidopa.
Details
Clinical research in healthy volunteers shows that taking magnesium oxide 1000 mg with levodopa 100 mg/carbidopa 10 mg reduces the area under the curve (AUC) of levodopa by 35% and of carbidopa by 81%. In vitro and animal research shows that magnesium produces an alkaline environment in the digestive tract, which might lead to degradation and reduced bioavailability of levodopa/carbidopa (100265).
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Potassium-sparing diuretics decrease excretion of magnesium, possibly increasing magnesium levels.
Details
Potassium-sparing diuretics also have magnesium-sparing properties, which can counteract the magnesium losses associated with loop and thiazide diuretics (9613,9614,9622). Theoretically, increased magnesium levels could result from concomitant use of potassium-sparing diuretics and magnesium supplements.
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Magnesium decreases absorption of quinolones.
Details
Magnesium can form insoluble complexes with quinolones and decrease their absorption (3046). Advise patients to take these drugs at least 2 hours before, or 4 to 6 hours after, magnesium supplements.
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Sevelamer may increase serum magnesium levels.
Details
In patients on hemodialysis, sevelamer use was associated with a 0.28 mg/dL increase in serum magnesium. The mechanism of this interaction remains unclear (96486).
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Parenteral magnesium alters the pharmacokinetics of skeletal muscle relaxants, increasing their effects and accelerating the onset of effect.
Details
Parenteral magnesium shortens the time to onset of skeletal muscle relaxants by about 1 minute and prolongs the duration of action by about 2 minutes. Magnesium potentiates the effects of skeletal muscle relaxants by decreasing calcium-mediated release of acetylcholine from presynaptic nerve terminals, reducing postsynaptic sensitivity to acetylcholine, and having a direct effect on the membrane potential of myocytes (3046,97492,107364). Magnesium also has vasodilatory actions and increases cardiac output, allowing a greater amount of muscle relaxant to reach the motor end plate (107364). A clinical study found that low-dose rocuronium (0.45 mg/kg), when given after administration of magnesium 30 mg/kg over 10 minutes, has an accelerated onset of effect, which matches the onset of effect seen with a full-dose rocuronium regimen (0.6 mg/kg) (96485). In another clinical study, onset times for rocuronium doses of 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 mg/kg were 86, 76, and 50 seconds, respectively, when given alone, but were reduced to 66, 44, and 38 seconds, respectively, when the doses were given after a 15-minute infusion of magnesium sulfate 60 mg/kg (107364). Giving intraoperative intravenous magnesium sulfate, 50 mg/kg loading dose followed by 15 mg/kg/hour, reduces the onset time of rocuronium, enhances its clinical effects, reduces the dose of intraoperative opiates, and prolongs the spontaneous recovery time (112781,112782). It does not affect the activity of subsequently administered neostigmine (112782).
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Magnesium increases the systemic absorption of sulfonylureas, increasing their effects and side effects.
Details
Clinical research shows that administration of magnesium hydroxide with glyburide increases glyburide absorption, increases maximal insulin response by 35-fold, and increases the risk of hypoglycemia, when compared with glyburide alone (20307). A similar interaction occurs between magnesium hydroxide and glipizide (20308). The mechanism of this effect appears to be related to the elevation of gastrointestinal pH by magnesium-based antacids, increasing solubility and enhancing absorption of sulfonylureas (22364).
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Magnesium decreases absorption of tetracyclines.
Details
Magnesium can form insoluble complexes with tetracyclines in the gut and decrease their absorption and antibacterial activity (12586). Advise patients to take these drugs 1 hour before or 2 hours after magnesium supplements.
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Theoretically, senna might increase the risk of adverse effects when taken with digoxin.
Details
Overuse/abuse of senna increases the risk of adverse effects from cardiac glycosides, such as digoxin, due to potassium depletion (15425).
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Theoretically, senna might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretic drugs.
Details
Overuse of senna might compound diuretic-induced potassium loss and increase the risk for hypokalemia (15425).
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Theoretically, taking senna may interfere with the absorption of exogenous estrogens.
Details
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Theoretically, senna might increase the risk for fluid and electrolyte loss when taken with other stimulant laxatives.
Details
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Theoretically, excessive use of senna might increase the effects of warfarin.
Details
Senna has stimulant laxative effects and can cause diarrhea. Diarrhea can increase the effects of warfarin, increase international normalized ratio (INR), and increase the risk of bleeding. In one case report, excessive use of senna for 3 weeks resulted in diarrhea, bloody stools, and an elevated INR of 11.9 (16530).
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Theoretically, uva ursi may decrease the metabolism of CYP2C19 substrates.
Details
In vitro, uva ursi appears to inhibit cytochrome CYP2C19 (98550). This effect has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, uva ursi may decrease the metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Details
In vitro, uva ursi appears to inhibit CYP3A4 (98550). This effect has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, uva ursi may increase levels of drugs metabolized by glucuronidation.
Details
In vitro, uva ursi extract appears to strongly inhibit UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1 (UGT1A1). However, uva ursi extract does not appear to inhibit UGT1A1 in animal models (98549). This effect has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, uva ursi may increase lithium levels, necessitating a decrease in dose.
Details
Uva ursi may have diuretic properties (81637). Diuretics may increase lithium reabsorption with sodium in the proximal tubule of the kidney. Theoretically, uva ursi might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
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Theoretically, uva ursi may alter the levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
Details
In vitro, uva ursi appears to inhibit the multi-drug transporter protein, P-glycoprotein (98550). This effect has not been reported in humans.
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Effects of uva ursi in the urinary tract may be reduced by urinary acidifying agents.
Details
Uva ursi seems to work best in alkaline urine. Theoretically, taking uva ursi with medications known to acidify the urine may decrease any effects of uva ursi on the urinary tract (19).
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Below is general information about the adverse effects of the known ingredients contained in the product 7-Day Detox. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
General ...Orally, buchu leaf can cause GI and kidney irritation (4,6) and increase menstrual flow (6). Buchu is also a reported abortifacient (4).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, buchu may cause gastrointestinal irritation (4,6).
Genitourinary ...Orally, buchu may increase menstrual flow (6). Buchu is also a reported abortifacient (4).
General ...Orally, Cissus quadrangularis seems to be well tolerated.
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, Cissus quadrangularis has been reported to cause flatulence (15608,16457), diarrhea (15608,112140), gastritis (43204), and dry mouth (15608). However, the rates of these adverse effects are similar to or lower than that observed with placebo (15608,16457,43204,112140).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, Cissus quadrangularis has been reported to cause headache and insomnia. However, the rates of these adverse effects are similar to or lower than that observed with placebo (15608,16457).
General
...Orally, cumin powder and essential oil seem to be well tolerated, short-term.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Gastrointestinal upset.
Topically: Contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: Anaphylaxis in sensitive individuals.
Dermatologic ...Topically, undiluted cumin oil has been reported to cause phototoxic effects (6).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, gastrointestinal upset has been reported in some patients taking cumin essential oil (104143).
Immunologic
...Orally, cumin may cause allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, in sensitive individuals.
One case report of anaphylaxis associated with cumin consumption has been reported (46905).
Topically, cumin may cause allergic contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals (31341,46902,46905).
General
...Orally, dandelion seems to be well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Diarrhea, heartburn, and stomach discomfort.
Topically: Dermatitis in sensitive individuals.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: Anaphylaxis in sensitive individuals.
Cardiovascular ...In one report, a 39-year-old obese woman developed palpitations and syncope after taking a weight loss supplement containing a combination of dandelion, bladderwrack, and boldo for 3 weeks. The patient was found to have prolonged QT-interval on ECG and frequent episodes of sustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (14321). It is not clear whether dandelion, another ingredient, or the combination of ingredients is responsible for this adverse effect. The product was not analyzed to determine the presence of any potential toxic contaminants.
Dermatologic ...Topically, dandelion can cause contact dermatitis and erythema multiforme in sensitive individuals. Dandelion can cause an allergic reaction in individuals sensitive to the Asteraceae/Compositae family (13478,13481,42893,46945,46977). Members of this family include ragweed, chrysanthemums, marigolds, daisies, and many other herbs.
Endocrine ...In one report, a 56-year-old man with renal impairment developed hyperoxalaemia and peripheral gangrene after ingesting large amounts of dandelion tea (10 to 15 cups daily for 6 months). The adverse effect was attributed to the high oxalate content of dandelion tea (258 mcmol/L) and reduced renal oxalate clearance caused by renal impairment (90639). In another report, a 58-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes who was being treated with insulin developed hypoglycemic symptoms 2 weeks after beginning to eat salads containing dandelion (46960). The hypoglycemic effect was attributed to the potential alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of dandelion.
Gastrointestinal ...Gastrointestinal symptoms, including stomach discomfort, diarrhea, and heartburn, have been reported following oral use of dandelion (19146,36931). A case of intestinal blockage has been reported for a patient who ingested a large amount of dandelion greens three weeks after undergoing a stomach operation (46981). Also, a case of hemorrhagic cystitis has been reported for a 33-year-old woman who took a specific herbal product (Slim-Kombu, Balestra and Mech, Vicenza, Italy) containing 20 herbal extracts, including dandelion extract. Symptoms resolved after the patient discontinued using the product, and symptoms resumed when the patient began taking the supplement again four months later. While various ingredients in the supplement may have contributed to the symptoms, it is possible that dandelion extract may have contributed to the effect due to its diurectic, laxative, cholagogue, and antirheumatic properties (46959).
Other ...Orally, products containing dandelion pollen can cause allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis (13479,13480). Also, rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma have been reported after handling products such as bird feed containing dandelion and other herbs, with reported positive skin tests for dandelion hypersensitivity (46948). Dandelion pollen may cause pollinosis, such as allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis (18065,46951,46964,46966,46972).
General
...Orally, Irvingia gabonensis is generally well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Flatulence, headache, insomnia, nausea.
Gastrointestinal ...Flatulence has been reported following 10 weeks of supplementation with Irvingia gabonensis alone (17070) or in combination with Cissus quadrangularis (16457). Similar events were observed in controls. Mild nausea has also been reported following the administration of Irvingia gabonensis 0.3-4 grams daily for up to 12 weeks; however, some of these symptoms were alleviated by the addition of milk to the test preparation (61589,112220).
Hepatic ...One case of acute hepatitis secondary to Irvingia gabonensis has been reported. A 45-year old male with a ten-day history of Irvingia gabonensis supplementation, at a dose of 350 mg of seed extract twice daily for body fat reduction, was admitted with jaundice, abdominal discomfort, and new onset malaise. His complaints began four days after starting Irvingia gabonensis supplementation. Prior to supplementation, all outpatient laboratory parameters were normal. At the time of admission, liver function tests were as follows: ALT 902 U/L, AST 708 U/L, alkaline phosphatase 198 U/L, gamma-glutamyl transferase 998 U/L, total bilirubin 9.1 mg/dL, direct bilirubin 6.1 mg/dL, and serum albumin 4.2 grams/dL. Hemoglobin was 15.3 grams/dL, white blood cell count 9.2 x 103 /mm3, platelets 240 x 103/mm3, prothrombin time 16.1 seconds, and ferritin level 115 ng/mL. Urinalysis revealed 2+ bilirubin and urobilinogens. Tests for viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, hemochromatosis, alpha-1-antitypsin deficiency, and Wilson's disease were negative. Ultrasonography showed a bright liver parenchyma consistent with steatosis, 15 cm in vertical size with regular edges. A spleen 13 cm in vertical size was also seen. Acute hepatitis secondary to Irvingia gabonensis was the diagnosis. When the Irvingia gabonensis capsules were discontinued, an immediate improvement was seen. Liver enzymes and other laboratory tests were normal 3 weeks after the admission (92824).
Neurologic/CNS ...Headache and insomnia have been reported in patients taking Irvingia gabonensis alone or in conjunction with Cissus quadrangularis for periods of 10 weeks (16457,17070). Similar events were observed in control groups.
General ...Orally and topically, juniper seems to be generally well tolerated when used short-term. However, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted. Most reported adverse effects are related to ingestion of excessive amounts of juniper berry oil. Symptoms of overdose include kidney pain and irritation, diuresis, albuminuria, hematuria, purplish urine, tachycardia, hypertension, convulsions, metrorrhagia, and abortion (4). Topically, juniper can cause skin irritation (4,103756). Repeated exposure to the juniper pollen can cause occupational allergies (6).
Dermatologic ...Topically, juniper can cause skin irritation. Signs of topical poisoning include burning, erythema, inflammation with blisters, and edema (4). Repeated exposure to the juniper pollen can cause occupational allergies that affect the skin (6). In a case report, a 62-year-old woman developed burn-like blistering lesions after carrying juniper in close contact to her skin. Concurrent sun exposure was thought to worsen the skin irritation caused by juniper (103756).
Genitourinary ...Orally, large amounts of the juniper berry can cause purplish urine (4).
Pulmonary/Respiratory ...Repeated exposure to the juniper pollen can cause occupational allergies that affect the respiratory tract (6).
General
...Orally and intravaginally, Lactobacillus acidophilus is generally well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Mild gastrointestinal adverse effects.
Intravaginally: Vaginal discharge.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: There is concern that L. acidophilus may cause infections in some people.
Dermatologic ...Orally, in one clinical trial, a combination of Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei F19, and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lacltis BB-12 was associated with two cases of rash, one with itching. However, it is not clear if these adverse effects were due to L. acidophilus, other ingredients, the combination, or if the events were idiosyncratic (90236).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, taking Lactobacillus acidophilus in combination with other probiotics may cause gastrointestinal side effects including epigastric discomfort (90239), abdominal pain (90239,90291,111785), dyspepsia (90239), flatulence (107497,107520), bloating (107497,111785), diarrhea (111785), vomiting (107537), and burping (90239); however, these events are uncommon.
Genitourinary ...Intravaginally, cream containing Lactobacillus acidophilus has been shown to cause increased vaginal discharge in about 5% of patients, compared to about 1% of patients receiving placebo cream (90237). Vaginal burning was reported by one person using intravaginal L. acidophilus and Limosilactobacillus fermentum in a clinical trial (111781).
Immunologic ...Since Lactobacillus acidophilus preparations contain live and active microorganisms, there is some concern that they might cause pathogenic infection in some patients. L. acidophilus has been isolated in some cases of bacteremia, sepsis, splenic abscess, liver abscess, endocarditis, necrotizing fasciitis, pancreatic necrosis, and meningoencephalitis. Most of these cases are thought to be due to the translocation of bacteria from other locations in the body in which they occur naturally, such as the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract (107543,111782,111792). L. acidophilus endophthalmitis has been reported rarely (111787,111795). In one case, it was related to intravitreal injections for age-related macular degeneration in a 90-year-old female with an intraocular lens (111787). In another, it occurred following cataract surgery (111795).
General
...Magnesium is generally well tolerated.
Some clinical research shows no differences in adverse effects between placebo and magnesium groups.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Diarrhea, gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, and vomiting.
Intravenously: Bradycardia, dizziness, flushing sensation, hypotension, and localized pain and irritation. In pregnancy, may cause blurry vision, dizziness, lethargy, nausea, nystagmus, and perception of warmth.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
All ROAs: With toxic doses, loss of reflexes and respiratory depression can occur. High doses in pregnancy can increase risk of neonatal mortality and neurological defects.
Cardiovascular
...Intravenously, magnesium can cause bradycardia, tachycardia, and hypotension (13356,60795,60838,60872,60960,60973,60982,61001,61031).
Magnesium sulfate may cause rapid heartbeat when administered antenatally (60915).
In one case report, a 99-year-old male who took oral magnesium oxide 3000 mg daily for chronic constipation was hospitalized with hypermagnesemia, hypotension, bradycardia, heart failure, cardiomegaly, second-degree sinoatrial block, and complete bundle branch block. The patient recovered after discontinuing the magnesium oxide (108966).
Dermatologic ...Intravenously, magnesium may cause flushing, sweating, and problems at the injection site (including burning pain) (60960,60982,111696). In a case study, two patients who received intravenous magnesium sulfate for suppression of preterm labor developed a rapid and sudden onset of an urticarial eruption (a skin eruption of itching welts). The eruption cleared when magnesium sulfate was discontinued (61045). Orally, magnesium oxide may cause allergic skin rash, but this is rare. In one case report, a patient developed a rash after taking 600 mg magnesium oxide (Maglax) (98291).
Gastrointestinal
...Orally, magnesium can cause gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea (1194,4891,10661,10663,18111,60951,61016,98290).
In rare cases, taking magnesium orally might cause a bezoar, an indigestible mass of material which gets lodged in the gastrointestinal tract. In a case report, a 75-year-old female with advanced rectal cancer taking magnesium 1500 mg daily presented with nausea and anorexia from magnesium oxide bezoars in her stomach (99314). Magnesium can cause nausea, vomiting, or dry mouth when administered intravenously or by nebulization (60818,60960,60982,104400). Antenatal magnesium sulfate may also cause nausea and vomiting (60915). Two case reports suggest that giving magnesium 50 grams orally for bowel preparation for colonoscopy in patients with colorectal cancer may lead to intestinal perforation and possibly death (90006).
Delayed meconium passage and obstruction have been reported rarely in neonates after intravenous magnesium sulfate was given to the mother during pregnancy (60818). In a retrospective study of 200 neonates born prematurely before 32 weeks of gestation, administration of prenatal IV magnesium sulfate, as a 4-gram loading dose and then 1-2 grams hourly, was not associated with the rate of meconium bowel obstruction when compared with neonates whose mothers had not received magnesium sulfate (108728).
Genitourinary ...Intravenously, magnesium sulfate may cause renal toxicity or acute urinary retention, although these events are rare (60818,61012). A case of slowed cervical dilation at delivery has been reported for a patient administered intravenous magnesium sulfate for eclampsia (12592). Intravenous magnesium might also cause solute diuresis. In a case report, a pregnant patient experienced polyuria and diuresis after having received intravenous magnesium sulfate in Ringer's lactate solution for preterm uterine contractions (98284).
Hematologic ...Intravenously, magnesium may cause increased blood loss at delivery when administered for eclampsia or pre-eclampsia (12592). However, research on the effect of intravenous magnesium on postpartum hemorrhage is mixed. Some research shows that it does not affect risk of postpartum hemorrhage (60982), while other research shows that intrapartum magnesium administration is associated with increased odds of postpartum hemorrhage, increased odds of uterine atony (a condition that increases the risk for postpartum hemorrhage) and increased need for red blood cell transfusions (97489).
Musculoskeletal
...Intravenously, magnesium may cause decreased skeletal muscle tone, muscle weakness, or hypocalcemic tetany (60818,60960,60973).
Although magnesium is important for normal bone structure and maintenance (272), there is concern that very high doses of magnesium may be detrimental. In a case series of 9 patients receiving long-term tocolysis for 11-97 days, resulting in cumulative magnesium sulfate doses of 168-3756 grams, a lower bone mass was noted in 4 cases receiving doses above 1000 grams. There was one case of pregnancy- and lactation-associated osteoporosis and one fracture (108731). The validity and clinical significance of this data is unclear.
Neurologic/CNS
...Intravenously, magnesium may cause slurred speech, dizziness, drowsiness, confusion, or headaches (60818,60960).
With toxic doses, loss of reflexes, neurological defects, drowsiness, confusion, and coma can occur (8095,12589,12590).
A case report describes cerebral cortical and subcortical edema consistent with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), eclampsia, somnolence, seizures, absent deep tendon reflexes, hard to control hypertension, acute renal failure and hypermagnesemia (serum level 11.5 mg/dL), after treatment with intravenous magnesium sulfate for preeclampsia in a 24-year-old primigravida at 39 weeks gestation with a previously uncomplicated pregnancy. The symptoms resolved after 4 days of symptomatic treatment in an intensive care unit, and emergency cesarian delivery of a healthy infant (112785).
Ocular/Otic ...Cases of visual impairment or nystagmus have been reported following magnesium supplementation, but these events are rare (18111,60818).
Psychiatric ...A case of delirium due to hypermagnesemia has been reported for a patient receiving intravenous magnesium sulfate for pre-eclampsia (60780).
Pulmonary/Respiratory ...Intravenously, magnesium may cause respiratory depression and tachypnea when used in toxic doses (12589,61028,61180).
Other ...Hypothermia from magnesium used as a tocolytic has been reported (60818).
General
...Orally, olive fruit is well tolerated when used in typical food amounts.
Olive leaf extract seems to be well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Headache and stomach discomfort.
Dermatologic ...Orally, one patient in one clinical trial reported bad skin and acne after using olive leaf extract (101860).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, three patients in one clinical trial reported stomach ache after using olive leaf extract (101860).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, three patients in one clinical trial reported headache after using olive leaf extract (101860).
Psychiatric ...In one case report, a 67-year-old female experienced irritability, anger, a lack of control, and feelings of sadness and negativity after consuming a multi-ingredient product containing olive leaf extract 5 grams, horseradish root, and eyebright daily for 38 days. All psychiatric symptoms disappeared within days of stopping the combined product. It is hypothesized that the hydroxytyrosol component of olive leaf extract contributed to these symptoms due to its chemical similarity to dopamine; however, it is not clear if these symptoms were due to the olive leaf extract or to the other ingredients (96245).
Pulmonary/Respiratory ...Olive tree pollen can cause seasonal respiratory allergy (1543).
General
...Orally, senna is generally well-tolerated when used short-term in appropriate doses.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Abdominal pain and discomfort, cramps, diarrhea, flatulence, nausea, fecal urgency, and urine discoloration.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: Skin eruptions.
Cardiovascular ...Excessive use can cause potassium depletion and other electrolyte abnormalities (15425). In theory, this could cause potentially dangerous changes in heart rhythm. A small decrease in heart rate was seen in one clinical study (74587).
Dermatologic ...In adults, there are rare case reports of skin eruptions associated with senna, including erythema multiforme, fixed drug eruption, lichenoid reaction, toxic epidermal necrolysis, urticaria, photosensitivity, and contact dermatitis (96558). Infants and young children given senna products have experienced contact reactions on the buttocks due to prolonged exposure to stool while wearing a diaper overnight. These reactions range from erythema with small blisters, to large fluid-filled blisters with skin sloughing, as occurs with second degree burns (96559). In a case series of children treated with senna for chronic constipation, burn-like reactions occurred in 2.2%, typically with higher doses (mean 60 mg/day, range 35.2 to 150 mg/day) (96558,96559). These reactions can be avoided by giving senna early in the day, so that bowel movements occur at a time when diapers can be changed quickly (96559).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, senna can cause abdominal pain and discomfort, cramps, bloating, flatulence, nausea, fecal urgency, and diarrhea (15427,15434,15435,15436,15439,15440,15441,105955). Chronic use has also been associated with "cathartic colon," radiographically diagnosed anatomical changes to the colon such as benign narrowing, colonic dilation, and loss of colonic folds (15428). The clinical relevance of these findings is unclear. Chronic use can also cause pseudomelanosis coli (pigment spots in intestinal mucosa) which is harmless, usually reverses with discontinuation, and is not associated with an increased risk of developing colorectal adenoma or carcinoma (6138). The cathartic properties of senna leaf are greater than the fruit (15430). Thus, the American Herbal Products Association only warns against long-term use of senna leaf (12).
Hepatic ...Chronic liver damage, portal vein thrombosis, and hepatitis have been reported following oral use of senna alkaloids, such as in tea made from senna leaves (13057,13095,41431,74560,74564,74584,105956). There is a case report of hepatitis in a female who consumed moderate amounts of senna tea. The patient was a poor metabolizer of cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6). It's thought that moderate doses of senna in this patient led to toxic hepatitis due to the patient's reduced ability to metabolize and eliminate the rhein anthrone metabolites of senna, which are thought to cause systemic toxicity (13057). There is also a case of liver failure, encephalopathy, and renal insufficiency in a female who consumed 1 liter/day of senna tea, prepared from 70 grams of dried senna fruit, over 3 years (13095). In another case report, a 3-year-old female presented with hepatitis that led to pancytopenia after drinking tea made from 2-3 grams dry senna leaves three times or more weekly for over one year (105956).
Immunologic ...In one case report, a 19-year-old male developed anaphylaxis with dyspnea, facial edema, and hives. This reaction was determined to be caused by the senna content in a specific combination product (Delgaxan Plus, Pompadour Ibérica) that the patient ingested (105957).
Musculoskeletal ...Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, finger clubbing, cachexia, and tetany have been reported from excessive oral senna use in humans (15426,74580,74582,74620,74625).
Renal ...Nephrocalcinosis has been reported as a result of oral senna overuse (74582).
General
...Uva ursi is generally well tolerated in low doses, short-term.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Diarrhea, nausea, stomach upset, and vomiting.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: At high doses (20 grams of dried herb), uva ursi has been reported to cause collapse, convulsions, cyanosis, delirium, shortness of breath, and tinnitus. Very high doses of 30 grams or more may be fatal.
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, uva ursi may cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach upset (92148). It can also irritate the gastrointestinal tract (19).
Genitourinary ...Orally, uva ursi may cause the urine to be greenish-brown. It may also cause irritation and inflammation of the urinary tract mucous membranes (18).
Hepatic ...Uva ursi may be hepatotoxic. Theoretically, chronic use, especially in children, can cause liver impairment due its hydroquinone and high tannin content (4,18).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, around 20 grams of uva ursi is reported to supply up to one gram of hydroquinone, which can theoretically cause convulsions and delirium (4).
Ocular/Otic
...Orally, uva ursi may potentially cause retinal toxicity due to its hydroquinone content, which reduces melanin synthesis.
A 56-year-old female developed bilateral bull's-eye maculopathy, paracentral scotomas, and retinal thinning after 3 years of uva ursi tea ingestion (16900).
Taking around 20 grams of uva ursi orally is reported to supply up to one gram of hydroquinone, which can theoretically cause tinnitus (4).
Pulmonary/Respiratory ...Orally, around 20 grams of uva ursi is reported to supply up to one gram of hydroquinone, which can theoretically cause shortness of breath and cyanosis (4).
General ...No adverse effects have been reported; however, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.
