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Chen Y, Abbate M, Tang L, Cai G, Gong Z, Wei R, Zhou J, Chen X. L-Carnitine supplementation for adults with end-stage kidney disease requiring maintenance hemodialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Feb;99(2):408-22. View abstract.

Cruciani RA, Zhang JJ, Manola J, Cella D, Ansari B, Fisch MJ. L-carnitine supplementation for the management of fatigue in patients with cancer: an eastern cooperative oncology group phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Oncol. 2012 Nov 1;30(31):3864-9. View abstract.

Hatamkhani S, Khalili H, Karimzadeh I, Dashti-Khavidaki S, Abdollahi A, Jafari S. Carnitine for prevention of antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity: a randomized, clinical trial. J Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2014 May;29(5):997-1004. View abstract.

Boehm G, Stahl B. Oligosaccharides from milk. J Nutr 2007;137(3 Suppl 2):847S-849S. View abstract.

Mantovani, G., Maccio, A., Madeddu, C., Gramignano, G., Serpe, R., Massa, E., Dessi, M., Tanca, F. M., Sanna, E., Deiana, L., Panzone, F., Contu, P., and Floris, C. Randomized phase III clinical trial of five different arms of treatment for patients with cancer cachexia: interim results. Nutrition 2008;24(4):305-313. View abstract.

Bangma, H. R., Smit, G. P., Kuks, J. B., Grevink, R. G., and Wolffenbuttel, B. H. [Two patients with mitochondrial respiratory chain disease]. Ned.Tijdschr.Geneeskd. 10-18-2008;152(42):2298-2301. View abstract.

Milazzo, L., Menzaghi, B., Caramma, I., Nasi, M., Sangaletti, O., Cesari, M., Zanone, Poma B., Cossarizza, A., Antinori, S., and Galli, M. Effect of antioxidants on mitochondrial function in HIV-1-related lipoatrophy: a pilot study. AIDS Res.Hum.Retroviruses 2010;26(11):1207-1214. View abstract.

Madeddu, C., Dessi, M., Panzone, F., Serpe, R., Antoni, G., Cau, M. C., Montaldo, L., Mela, Q., Mura, M., Astara, G., Tanca, F. M., Maccio, A., and Mantovani, G. Randomized phase III clinical trial of a combined treatment with carnitine + celecoxib +/- megestrol acetate for patients with cancer-related anorexia/cachexia syndrome. Clin Nutr 2012;31(2):176-182. View abstract.

Amin, K. A. and Nagy, M. A. Effect of Carnitine and herbal mixture extract on obesity induced by high fat diet in rats. Diabetol.Metab Syndr. 2009;1(1):17. View abstract.

Gentile, V., Antonini, G., Antonella, Bertozzi M., Dinelli, N., Rizzo, C., Ashraf, Virmani M., and Koverech, A. Effect of propionyl-L-carnitine, L-arginine and nicotinic acid on the efficacy of vardenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction in diabetes. Curr Med Res Opin. 2009;25(9):2223-2228. View abstract.

Morgante, G., Scolaro, V., Tosti, C., Di, Sabatino A., Piomboni, P., and De, Leo, V. [Treatment with carnitine, acetyl carnitine, L-arginine and ginseng improves sperm motility and sexual health in men with asthenopermia]. Minerva Urol.Nefrol. 2010;62(3):213-218. View abstract.

Marti-Carvajal, A. J., Knight-Madden, J. M., and Martinez-Zapata, M. J. Interventions for treating leg ulcers in people with sickle cell disease. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2012;11:CD008394. View abstract.

Zhang, Y., Song, J. Q., Liu, P., Yan, R., Dong, J. H., Yang, Y. L., Wang, L. F., Jiang, Y. W., Zhang, Y. H., Qin, J., and Wu, X. R. [Clinical studies on fifty-seven Chinese patients with combined methylmalonic aciduria and homocysteinemia]. Zhonghua Er.Ke.Za Zhi. 2007;45(7):513-517. View abstract.

Ganio, M. S., Klau, J. F., Lee, E. C., Yeargin, S. W., McDermott, B. P., Buyckx, M., Maresh, C. M., and Armstrong, L. E. Effect of various carbohydrate-electrolyte fluids on cycling performance and maximal voluntary contraction. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc.Metab 2010;20(2):104-114. View abstract.

Roure, R., Oddos, T., Rossi, A., Vial, F., and Bertin, C. Evaluation of the efficacy of a topical cosmetic slimming product combining tetrahydroxypropyl ethylenediamine, caffeine, carnitine, forskolin and retinol, In vitro, ex vivo and in vivo studies. Int.J Cosmet.Sci 2011;33(6):519-526. View abstract.

Phillips, T. J., Cherry, C. L., Cox, S., Marshall, S. J., and Rice, A. S. Pharmacological treatment of painful HIV-associated sensory neuropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. PLoS.One. 2010;5(12):e14433. View abstract.

Kang, H. C., Kim, H. D., Lee, Y. M., and Han, S. H. Landau-Kleffner syndrome with mitochondrial respiratory chain-complex I deficiency. Pediatr.Neurol. 2006;35(2):158-161. View abstract.

van Dalen, E. C., Caron, H. N., Dickinson, H. O., and Kremer, L. C. Cardioprotective interventions for cancer patients receiving anthracyclines. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2008;(2):CD003917. View abstract.

Wang, S. B., Weng, W. C., Lee, N. C., Hwu, W. L., Fan, P. C., and Lee, W. T. Mutation of mitochondrial DNA G13513A presenting with Leigh syndrome, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and cardiomyopathy. Pediatr.Neonatol. 2008;49(4):145-149. View abstract.

Azevedo, O., Vilarinho, L., Almeida, F., Ferreira, F., Guardado, J., Ferreira, M., Lourenco, A., Medeiros, R., and Almeida, J. Cardiomyopathy and kidney disease in a patient with maternally inherited diabetes and deafness caused by the 3243A>G mutation of mitochondrial DNA. Cardiology 2010;115(1):71-74. View abstract.

Shojaei, M., Djalali, M., Khatami, M., Siassi, F., and Eshraghian, M. Effects of carnitine and coenzyme Q10 on lipid profile and serum levels of lipoprotein(a) in maintenance hemodialysis patients on statin therapy. Iran J Kidney Dis 2011;5(2):114-118. View abstract.

van Dalen, E. C., Caron, H. N., Dickinson, H. O., and Kremer, L. C. Cardioprotective interventions for cancer patients receiving anthracyclines. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2011;(6):CD003917. View abstract.

Wadman, R. I., Bosboom, W. M., van den Berg, L. H., Wokke, J. H., Iannaccone, S. T., and Vrancken, A. F. Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2011;(12):CD006282. View abstract.

Wadman, R. I., Bosboom, W. M., van der Pol, W. L., van den Berg, L. H., Wokke, J. H., Iannaccone, S. T., and Vrancken, A. F. Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2012;4:CD006282. View abstract.

Torrioli, M. G., Vernacotola, S., Mariotti, P., Bianchi, E., Calvani, M., De Gaetano, A., Chiurazzi, P., and Neri, G. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of L-acetylcarnitine for the treatment of hyperactive behavior in fragile X syndrome. Am.J Med Genet. 12-3-1999;87(4):366-368. View abstract.

Torrioli, M. G., Vernacotola, S., Peruzzi, L., Tabolacci, E., Mila, M., Militerni, R., Musumeci, S., Ramos, F. J., Frontera, M., Sorge, G., Marzullo, E., Romeo, G., Vallee, L., Veneselli, E., Cocchi, E., Garbarino, E., Moscato, U., Chiurazzi, P., D'Iddio, S., Calvani, M., and Neri, G. A double-blind, parallel, multicenter comparison of L-acetylcarnitine with placebo on the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in fragile X syndrome boys. Am.J Med.Genet.A 4-1-2008;146(7):803-812. View abstract.

Rueda, J. R., Ballesteros, J., and Tejada, M. I. Systematic review of pharmacological treatments in fragile X syndrome. BMC.Neurol. 2009;9:53. View abstract.

Anonymous. Study on propionyl-L-carnitine in chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J 1999;20(1):70-76. View abstract.

Gunal, A. I., Celiker, H., Donder, E., and Gunal, S. Y. The effect of L-carnitine on insulin resistance in hemodialysed patients with chronic renal failure. J Nephrol. 1999;12(1):38-40. View abstract.

Thomas, S., Fischer, F. P., Mettang, T., Pauli-Magnus, C., Weber, J., and Kuhlmann, U. Effects of L-carnitine on leukocyte function and viability in hemodialysis patients: A double-blind randomized trial. Am.J Kidney Dis 1999;34(4):678-687. View abstract.

Löster H, Miehe K, Punzel M, et al. Prolonged oral L-carnitine substitution increases bicycle ergometer performance in patients with severe, ischemically induced cardiac insufficiency. Cardiovasc.Drugs Ther 1999;13:537-46. View abstract.

Nikolaos, S., George, A., Telemachos, T., Maria, S., Yannis, M., and Konstantinos, M. Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on red blood cells deformability in hemodialysis patients. Ren Fail. 2000;22(1):73-80. View abstract.

Iyer, R., Gupta, A., Khan, A., Hiremath, S., and Lokhandwala, Y. Does left ventricular function improve with L-carnitine after acute myocardial infarction? J Postgrad Med 1999;45(2):38-41. View abstract.

Turpeinen, A. K., Kuikka, J. T., Vanninen, E., Yang, J., and Uusitupa, M. I. Long-term effect of acetyl-L-carnitine on myocardial 123I-MIBG uptake in patients with diabetes. Clin Auton.Res 2000;10(1):13-16. View abstract.

Gurlek, A., Tutar, E., Akcil, E., Dincer, I., Erol, C., Kocaturk, P. A., and Oral, D. The effects of L-carnitine treatment on left ventricular function and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Eur J Heart Fail. 2000;2(2):189-193. View abstract.

Villani, R. G., Gannon, J., Self, M., and Rich, P. A. L-Carnitine supplementation combined with aerobic training does not promote weight loss in moderately obese women. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc.Metab 2000;10(2):199-207. View abstract.

Semeniuk, J., Shalansky, K. F., Taylor, N., Jastrzebski, J., and Cameron, E. C. Evaluation of the effect of intravenous l-carnitine on quality of life in chronic hemodialysis patients. Clin Nephrol. 2000;54(6):470-477. View abstract.

Sirtori, C. R., Calabresi, L., Ferrara, S., Pazzucconi, F., Bondioli, A., Baldassarre, D., Birreci, A., and Koverech, A. L-carnitine reduces plasma lipoprotein(a) levels in patients with hyper Lp(a). Nutr Metab Cardiovasc.Dis. 2000;10(5):247-251. View abstract.

Iyer, R. N., Khan, A. A., Gupta, A., Vajifdar, B. U., and Lokhandwala, Y. Y. L-carnitine moderately improves the exercise tolerance in chronic stable angina. J Assoc Physicians India 2000;48(11):1050-1052. View abstract.

Brass, E. P., Adler, S., Sietsema, K. E., Hiatt, W. R., Orlando, A. M., and Amato, A. Intravenous L-carnitine increases plasma carnitine, reduces fatigue, and may preserve exercise capacity in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001;37(5):1018-1028. View abstract.

Barker, G. A., Green, S., Askew, C. D., Green, A. A., and Walker, P. J. Effect of propionyl-L-carnitine on exercise performance in peripheral arterial disease. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33(9):1415-1422. View abstract.

Arockia Rani, P. J. and Panneerselvam, C. Carnitine as a free radical scavenger in aging. Exp Gerontol. 2001;36(10):1713-1726. View abstract.

Ellaway, C. J., Peat, J., Williams, K., Leonard, H., and Christodoulou, J. Medium-term open label trial of L-carnitine in Rett syndrome. Brain Dev. 2001;23 Suppl 1:S85-S89. View abstract.

Cha, Y. S., Choi, S. K., Suh, H., Lee, S. N., Cho, D., and Li, K. Effects of carnitine coingested caffeine on carnitine metabolism and endurance capacity in athletes. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol.(Tokyo) 2001;47(6):378-384. View abstract.

O'Donnell, J., Finer, N. N., Rich, W., Barshop, B. A., and Barrington, K. J. Role of L-carnitine in apnea of prematurity: a randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics 2002;109(4):622-626. View abstract.

Pettegrew, J. W., Levine, J., Gershon, S., Stanley, J. A., Servan-Schreiber, D., Panchalingam, K., and McClure, R. J. 31P-MRS study of acetyl-L-carnitine treatment in geriatric depression: preliminary results. Bipolar.Disord. 2002;4(1):61-66. View abstract.

Van Oudheusden, L. J. and Scholte, H. R. Efficacy of carnitine in the treatment of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Prostaglandins Leukot.Essent.Fatty Acids 2002;67(1):33-38. View abstract.

Lenzi, A., Lombardo, F., Sgro, P., Salacone, P., Caponecchia, L., Dondero, F., and Gandini, L. Use of carnitine therapy in selected cases of male factor infertility: a double-blind crossover trial. Fertil.Steril. 2003;79(2):292-300. View abstract.

Chazot, C., Blanc, C., Hurot, J. M., Charra, B., Jean, G., and Laurent, G. Nutritional effects of carnitine supplementation in hemodialysis patients. Clin Nephrol 2003;59(1):24-30. View abstract.

Derosa, G., Cicero, A. F., Gaddi, A., Mugellini, A., Ciccarelli, L., and Fogari, R. The effect of L-carnitine on plasma lipoprotein(a) levels in hypercholesterolemic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Ther 2003;25(5):1429-1439. View abstract.

Corbucci, G. G., Menichetti, A., Cogliatti, A., Nicoli, P., and Ruvolo, C. Metabolic aspects of acute tissue hypoxia during extracorporeal circulation and their modification induced by L-carnitine treatment. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 1992;12(3):149-157. View abstract.

Martina, B., Zuber, M., Weiss, P., Burkart, F., and Ritz, R. [Anti-arrhythmia treatment using L-carnitine in acute myocardial infarct]. Schweiz.Med Wochenschr 9-12-1992;122(37):1352-1355. View abstract.

Pugliese, D., Sabba, C., Ettorre, G., Berardi, E., Antonica, G., Godi, L., Palasciano, G., Lee, S. S., and Albano, O. Acute systemic and splanchnic haemodynamic effects of L-carnitine in patients with cirrhosis. Drugs Exp Clin Res 1992;18(4):147-153. View abstract.

Malaguarnera, M., Pistone, G., Astuto, M., Dell'Arte, S., Finocchiaro, G., Lo, Giudice E., and Pennisi, G. L-Carnitine in the treatment of mild or moderate hepatic encephalopathy. Dig.Dis. 2003;21(3):271-275. View abstract.

Tomassini, V., Pozzilli, C., Onesti, E., Pasqualetti, P., Marinelli, F., Pisani, A., and Fieschi, C. Comparison of the effects of acetyl L-carnitine and amantadine for the treatment of fatigue in multiple sclerosis: results of a pilot, randomised, double-blind, crossover trial. J Neurol.Sci 3-15-2004;218(1-2):103-108. View abstract.

Benton, D. and Donohoe, R. T. The influence on cognition of the interactions between lecithin, carnitine and carbohydrate. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2004;175(1):84-91. View abstract.

Corbucci, G. G., Melis, A., Piga, M., Marchionni, A., and Calvani, M. Influence of acetyl-carnitine on some mitochondrial enzymic activities in the human cerebral tissue in conditions of acute hypoxia. Int J Tissue React. 1992;14(4):183-194. View abstract.

Pucciarelli, G., Mastursi, M., Latte, S., Sacra, C., Setaro, A., Lizzadro, A., and Nolfe, G. [The clinical and hemodynamic effects of propionyl-L-carnitine in the treatment of congestive heart failure]. Clin Ter. 1992;141(11):379-384. View abstract.

Vaux, E. C., Taylor, D. J., Altmann, P., Rajagopalan, B., Graham, K., Cooper, R., Bonomo, Y., and Styles, P. Effects of carnitine supplementation on muscle metabolism by the use of magnetic resonance spectroscopy and near-infrared spectroscopy in end-stage renal disease. Nephron Clin.Pract. 2004;97(2):c41-c48. View abstract.

Cavallini, G., Ferraretti, A. P., Gianaroli, L., Biagiotti, G., and Vitali, G. Cinnoxicam and L-carnitine/acetyl-L-carnitine treatment for idiopathic and varicocele-associated oligoasthenospermia. J Androl 2004;25(5):761-770. View abstract.

Fernandez, C. and Proto, C. [L-carnitine in the treatment of chronic myocardial ischemia. An analysis of 3 multicenter studies and a bibliographic review]. Clin Ter. 1992;140(4):353-377. View abstract.

Kobayashi, A., Masumura, Y., and Yamazaki, N. L-carnitine treatment for congestive heart failure--experimental and clinical study. Jpn Circ.J 1992;56(1):86-94. View abstract.

Li, B., Lloyd, M. L., Gudjonsson, H., Shug, A. L., and Olsen, W. A. The effect of enteral carnitine administration in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 1992;55(4):838-845. View abstract.

Cruciani, R. A., Dvorkin, E., Homel, P., Culliney, B., Malamud, S., Shaiova, L., Fleishman, S., Lapin, J., Klein, E., Lesage, P., Portenoy, R., and Esteban-Cruciani, N. L-carnitine supplementation for the treatment of fatigue and depressed mood in cancer patients with carnitine deficiency: a preliminary analysis. Ann N.Y.Acad.Sci 2004;1033:168-176. View abstract.

Filipek, P. A., Juranek, J., Nguyen, M. T., Cummings, C., and Gargus, J. J. Relative carnitine deficiency in autism. J Autism Dev.Disord. 2004;34(6):615-623. View abstract.

Rahbar, A. R., Shakerhosseini, R., Saadat, N., Taleban, F., Pordal, A., and Gollestan, B. Effect of L-carnitine on plasma glycemic and lipidemic profile in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Eur.J Clin.Nutr. 2005;59(4):592-596. View abstract.

Pande, S., Brion, L. P., Campbell, D. E., Gayle, Y., and Esteban-Cruciani, N. V. Lack of effect of L-carnitine supplementation on weight gain in very preterm infants. J Perinatol. 2005;25(7):470-477. View abstract.

Lee, P. J., Harrison, E. L., Jones, M. G., Jones, S., Leonard, J. V., and Chalmers, R. A. L-carnitine and exercise tolerance in medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency: a pilot study. J Inherit.Metab Dis. 2005;28(2):141-152. View abstract.

Maestri, A., De Pasquale, Ceratti A., Cundari, S., Zanna, C., Cortesi, E., and Crino, L. A pilot study on the effect of acetyl-L-carnitine in paclitaxel- and cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy. Tumori 2005;91(2):135-138. View abstract.

Bianchi, G., Vitali, G., Caraceni, A., Ravaglia, S., Capri, G., Cundari, S., Zanna, C., and Gianni, L. Symptomatic and neurophysiological responses of paclitaxel- or cisplatin-induced neuropathy to oral acetyl-l-carnitine. Eur.J Cancer 7-19-2005; View abstract.

Balercia, G., Regoli, F., Armeni, T., Koverech, A., Mantero, F., and Boscaro, M. Placebo-controlled double-blind randomized trial on the use of L-carnitine, L-acetylcarnitine, or combined L-carnitine and L-acetylcarnitine in men with idiopathic asthenozoospermia. Fertil.Steril. 2005;84(3):662-671. View abstract.

Lango, R., Smolenski, R. T., Rogowski, J., Siebert, J., Wujtewicz, M., Slominska, E. M., Lysiak-Szydlowska, W., and Yacoub, M. H. Propionyl-L-carnitine improves hemodynamics and metabolic markers of cardiac perfusion during coronary surgery in diabetic patients. Cardiovasc.Drugs Ther 2005;19(4):267-275. View abstract.

Stuessi, C., Hofer, P., Meier, C., and Boutellier, U. L -Carnitine and the recovery from exhaustive endurance exercise: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Appl Physiol 2005;95(5-6):431-435. View abstract.

Guideri, F., Acampa, M., Hayek, Y., and Zappella, M. Effects of acetyl-L-carnitine on cardiac dysautonomia in Rett syndrome: prevention of sudden death? Pediatr Cardiol 2005;26(5):574-577. View abstract.

Waldner, R., Laschan, C., Lohninger, A., Gessner, M., Tuchler, H., Huemer, M., Spiegel, W., and Karlic, H. Effects of doxorubicin-containing chemotherapy and a combination with L-carnitine on oxidative metabolism in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. J Cancer Res.Clin Oncol. 2006;132(2):121-128. View abstract.

Uzun, N., Sarikaya, S., Uluduz, D., and Aydin, A. Peripheric and automatic neuropathy in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: the effect of L-carnitine treatment on the peripheral and autonomic nervous system. Electromyogr.Clin Neurophysiol. 2005;45(6):343-351. View abstract.

Zanardi, R. and Smeraldi, E. A double-blind, randomised, controlled clinical trial of acetyl-L-carnitine vs. amisulpride in the treatment of dysthymia. Eur.Neuropsychopharmacol. 2006;16(4):281-287. View abstract.

Calo, L. A., Pagnin, E., Davis, P. A., Semplicini, A., Nicolai, R., Calvani, M., and Pessina, A. C. Antioxidant effect of L-carnitine and its short chain esters: relevance for the protection from oxidative stress related cardiovascular damage. Int.J Cardiol. 2-8-2006;107(1):54-60. View abstract.

Calabrese, V., Giuffrida Stella, A. M., Calvani, M., and Butterfield, D. A. Acetylcarnitine and cellular stress response: roles in nutritional redox homeostasis and regulation of longevity genes. J Nutr.Biochem. 2006;17(2):73-88. View abstract.

El Beshlawy, A., Abd, El Raouf, Mostafa, F., Talaat, M., Isma'eel, H., Aoun, E., Hoffbrand, A. V., and Taher, A. Diastolic dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension in sickle cell anemia: is there a role for L-carnitine treatment? Acta Haematol. 2006;115(1-2):91-96. View abstract.

Malaguarnera, M., Pistone, G., Elvira, R., Leotta, C., Scarpello, L., and Liborio, R. Effects of L-carnitine in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. World J Gastroenterol. 12-7-2005;11(45):7197-7202. View abstract.

Greco, A. V., Mingrone, G., Bianchi, M., and Ghirlanda, G. Effect of propionyl-L-carnitine in the treatment of diabetic angiopathy: controlled double blind trial versus placebo. Drugs Exp Clin Res 1992;18(2):69-80. View abstract.

Santo, S. S., Sergio, N., Luigi, D. P., Giuseppe, M., Margherita, F., Gea, O. C., Roberto, F., Gabriella, C., Giuseppe, P., and Massimiliano, A. Effect of PLC on functional parameters and oxidative profile in type 2 diabetes-associated PAD. Diabetes Res.Clin Pract. 2006;72(3):231-237. View abstract.

Gramignano, G., Lusso, M. R., Madeddu, C., Massa, E., Serpe, R., Deiana, L., Lamonica, G., Dessi, M., Spiga, C., Astara, G., Maccio, A., and Mantovani, G. Efficacy of l-carnitine administration on fatigue, nutritional status, oxidative stress, and related quality of life in 12 advanced cancer patients undergoing anticancer therapy. Nutrition 2006;22(2):136-145. View abstract.

Sigman, M., Glass, S., Campagnone, J., and Pryor, J. L. Carnitine for the treatment of idiopathic asthenospermia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Fertil.Steril. 2006;85(5):1409-1414. View abstract.

Aledo, R., Mir, C., Dalton, R. N., Turner, C., Pie, J., Hegardt, F. G., Casals, N., and Champion, M. P. Refining the diagnosis of mitochondrial HMG-CoA synthase deficiency. J Inherit.Metab Dis 2006;29(1):207-211. View abstract.

Signorelli, S. S., Fatuzzo, P., Rapisarda, F., Neri, S., Ferrante, M., Oliveri, Conti G., Fallico, R., Di, Pino L., Pennisi, G., Celotta, G., and Massimiliano, A. A randomised, controlled clinical trial evaluating changes in therapeutic efficacy and oxidative parameters after treatment with propionyl L-carnitine in patients with peripheral arterial disease requiring haemodialysis. Drugs Aging 2006;23(3):263-270. View abstract.

Arduini, A., Bonomini, M., Clutterbuck, E. J., Laffan, M. A., and Pusey, C. D. Effect of L-carnitine administration on erythrocyte survival in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol.Dial Transplant 2006;21(9):2671-2672. View abstract.

Borghi-Silva, A., Baldissera, V., Sampaio, L. M., Pires-DiLorenzo, V. A., Jamami, M., Demonte, A., Marchini, J. S., and Costa, D. L-carnitine as an ergogenic aid for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease submitted to whole-body and respiratory muscle training programs. Braz.J Med.Biol.Res. 2006;39(4):465-474. View abstract.

Cetinkaya, A., Bulbuloglu, E., Kantarceken, B., Ciralik, H., Kurutas, E. B., Buyukbese, M. A., and Gumusalan, Y. Effects of L-carnitine on oxidant/antioxidant status in acetic acid-induced colitis. Dig.Dis Sci 2006;51(3):488-494. View abstract.

Pueschel, S. M. The effect of acetyl-L-carnitine administration on persons with Down syndrome. Res.Dev.Disabil. 2006;27(6):599-604. View abstract.

Kolker, S., Garbade, S. F., Greenberg, C. R., Leonard, J. V., Saudubray, J. M., Ribes, A., Kalkanoglu, H. S., Lund, A. M., Merinero, B., Wajner, M., Troncoso, M., Williams, M., Walter, J. H., Campistol, J., Marti-Herrero, M., Caswill, M., Burlina, A. B., Lagler, F., Maier, E. M., Schwahn, B., Tokatli, A., Dursun, A., Coskun, T., Chalmers, R. A., Koeller, D. M., Zschocke, J., Christensen, E., Burgard, P., and Hoffmann, G. F. Natural history, outcome, and treatment efficacy in children and adults with glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Pediatr.Res. 2006;59(6):840-847. View abstract.

Calabrese, V., Colombrita, C., Sultana, R., Scapagnini, G., Calvani, M., Butterfield, D. A., and Stella, A. M. Redox modulation of heat shock protein expression by acetylcarnitine in aging brain: relationship to antioxidant status and mitochondrial function. Antioxid.Redox.Signal. 2006;8(3-4):404-416. View abstract.

Rathod, R., Baig, M. S., Khandelwal, P. N., Kulkarni, S. G., Gade, P. R., and Siddiqui, S. Results of a single blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial to study the effect of intravenous L-carnitine supplementation on health-related quality of life in Indian patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Indian J Med.Sci 2006;60(4):143-153. View abstract.

Tarantini, G., Scrutinio, D., Bruzzi, P., Boni, L., Rizzon, P., and Iliceto, S. Metabolic treatment with L-carnitine in acute anterior ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. A randomized controlled trial. Cardiology 2006;106(4):215-223. View abstract.

Hauck, E. W., Diemer, T., Schmelz, H. U., and Weidner, W. A critical analysis of nonsurgical treatment of Peyronie's disease. Eur.Urol. 2006;49(6):987-997. View abstract.

Fietta, P. and Manganelli, P. Carnitine: a therapeutic option for childhood psoriatic onycho-pachydermo-periostitis (POPP). Clin Rheumatol. 2007;26(1):93-94. View abstract.

Touati, G., Valayannopoulos, V., Mention, K., de, Lonlay P., Jouvet, P., Depondt, E., Assoun, M., Souberbielle, J. C., Rabier, D., Ogier de, Baulny H., and Saudubray, J. M. Methylmalonic and propionic acidurias: management without or with a few supplements of specific amino acid mixture. J Inherit.Metab Dis 2006;29(2-3):288-298. View abstract.

Segura-Bruna, N., Rodriguez-Campello, A., Puente, V., and Roquer, J. Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy. Acta Neurol.Scand. 2006;114(1):1-7. View abstract.

Isidori, A. M., Pozza, C., Gianfrilli, D., and Isidori, A. Medical treatment to improve sperm quality. Reprod.Biomed.Online. 2006;12(6):704-714. View abstract.

Sethumadhavan, S. and Chinnakannu, P. Carnitine and lipoic acid alleviates protein oxidation in heart mitochondria during aging process. Biogerontology. 2006;7(2):101-109. View abstract.

Crill, C. M., Storm, M. C., Christensen, M. L., Hankins, C. T., Bruce, Jenkins M., and Helms, R. A. Carnitine supplementation in premature neonates: effect on plasma and red blood cell total carnitine concentrations, nutrition parameters and morbidity. Clin Nutr. 2006;25(6):886-896. View abstract.

Signorelli, S. S., Fatuzzo, P., Rapisarda, F., Neri, S., Ferrante, M., Oliveri, Conti G., Fallico, R., Di, Pino L., Pennisi, G., Celotta, G., and Anzaldi, M. Propionyl-L-carnitine therapy: effects on endothelin-1 and homocysteine levels in patients with peripheral arterial disease and end-stage renal disease. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2006;29(2):100-107. View abstract.

Xie, J., Zeng, Q., and Wang, L. The protective effect of L-carnitine on ischemia-reperfusion heart. J Huazhong.Univ Sci Technolog.Med.Sci 2006;26(2):188-191. View abstract.

Duranay, M., Akay, H., Yilmaz, F. M., Senes, M., Tekeli, N., and Yucel, D. Effects of L-carnitine infusions on inflammatory and nutritional markers in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol.Dial Transplant 2006;21(11):3211-3214. View abstract.

El-Metwally, T. H., Hamed, E. A., Ahmad, A. R., and Mohamed, N. A. Dyslipidemia, oxidative stress and cardiac dysfunction in children with chronic renal failure: effects of L-carnitine supplementation. Ann.Saudi.Med. 2003;23(5):270-277. View abstract.

Famularo, G., Moretti, S., Alesse, E., Trinchieri, V., Angelucci, A., Santini, G., Cifone, G., and De, Simone C. Reduction of glutamate levels in HIV-infected subjects treated with acetylcarnitine. J NeuroAIDS. 1999;2(2):65-73. View abstract.

Dokmeci, D., Inan, M., Basaran, U. N., Yalcin, O., Aydogdu, N., Turan, F. N., and Uz, Y. H. Protective effect of L-carnitine on testicular ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Cell Biochem.Funct. 2007;25(6):611-618. View abstract.

Toptas, B., Baykal, A., Yesilipek, A., Isbir, M., Kupesiz, A., Yalcin, O., and Baskurt, O. K. L-carnitine deficiency and red blood cell mechanical impairment in beta-thalassemia major. Clin Hemorheol.Microcirc. 2006;35(3):349-357. View abstract.

Angelini, C., Federico, A., Reichmann, H., Lombes, A., Chinnery, P., and Turnbull, D. Task force guidelines handbook: EFNS guidelines on diagnosis and management of fatty acid mitochondrial disorders. Eur.J Neurol. 2006;13(9):923-929. View abstract.

Crill, C. M., Christensen, M. L., Storm, M. C., and Helms, R. A. Relative bioavailability of carnitine supplementation in premature neonates. JPEN J Parenter.Enteral Nutr. 2006;30(5):421-425. View abstract.

Loffredo, L., Pignatelli, P., Cangemi, R., Andreozzi, P., Panico, M. A., Meloni, V., and Violi, F. Imbalance between nitric oxide generation and oxidative stress in patients with peripheral arterial disease: effect of an antioxidant treatment. J Vasc.Surg. 2006;44(3):525-530. View abstract.

Kumar, R., Gautam, G., and Gupta, N. P. Drug therapy for idiopathic male infertility: rationale versus evidence. J Urol. 2006;176(4 Pt 1):1307-1312. View abstract.

Huidekoper, H. H., Schneider, J., Westphal, T., Vaz, F. M., Duran, M., and Wijburg, F. A. Prolonged moderate-intensity exercise without and with L-carnitine supplementation in patients with MCAD deficiency. J Inherit.Metab Dis 2006;29(5):631-636. View abstract.

Colon-Soto, M., Peredo, R. A., and Vila, L. M. Systemic lupus erythematosus after mesotherapy with acetyl-L-carnitine. J Clin Rheumatol. 2006;12(5):261-262. View abstract.

El-Beshlawy, A., El, Accaoui R., Abd El-Sattar, M., Gamal El-Deen, M. H., Youssry, I., Shaheen, N., Hamdy, M., El-Ghamrawy, M., and Taher, A. Effect of L-carnitine on the physical fitness of thalassemic patients. Ann.Hematol. 2007;86(1):31-34. View abstract.

Elmslie, J. L., Porter, R. J., Joyce, P. R., Hunt, P. J., and Mann, J. I. Carnitine does not improve weight loss outcomes in valproate-treated bipolar patients consuming an energy-restricted, low-fat diet. Bipolar.Disord. 2006;8(5 Pt 1):503-507. View abstract.

Perez-Oliva, J. F., Guillen, Y., Gutierrez, F., and Parodis, Y. [Reduction of hospitalization thanks to L-carnitine in hemodialyzed patients]. Nefrologia. 2006;26(4):499-500. View abstract.

Bain, M. A., Faull, R., Milne, R. W., and Evans, A. M. Oral L-carnitine: metabolite formation and hemodialysis. Curr.Drug Metab 2006;7(7):811-816. View abstract.

Malaguarnera, M., Pistone, G., Astuto, M., Vecchio, I., Raffaele, R., Lo, Giudice E., and Rampello, L. Effects of L-acetylcarnitine on cirrhotic patients with hepatic coma: randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Dig.Dis Sci 2006;51(12):2242-2247. View abstract.

Gomez-Amores, L., Mate, A., Miguel-Carrasco, J. L., Jimenez, L., Jos, A., Camean, A. M., Revilla, E., Santa-Maria, C., and Vazquez, C. M. L-carnitine attenuates oxidative stress in hypertensive rats. J Nutr.Biochem. 2007;18(8):533-540. View abstract.

Lee, M. S., Lee, H. J., Lee, H. S., and Kim, Y. L-carnitine stimulates lipolysis via induction of the lipolytic gene expression and suppression of the adipogenic gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Med.Food 2006;9(4):468-473. View abstract.

Kolker, S., Christensen, E., Leonard, J. V., Greenberg, C. R., Burlina, A. B., Burlina, A. P., Dixon, M., Duran, M., Goodman, S. I., Koeller, D. M., Muller, E., Naughten, E. R., Neumaier-Probst, E., Okun, J. G., Kyllerman, M., Surtees, R. A., Wilcken, B., Hoffmann, G. F., and Burgard, P. Guideline for the diagnosis and management of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (glutaric aciduria type I). J Inherit.Metab Dis 2007;30(1):5-22. View abstract.

Verrina, E., Caruso, U., Calevo, M. G., Emma, F., Sorino, P., De, Palo T., Lavoratti, G., Turrini, Dertenois L., Cassanello, M., Cerone, R., and Perfumo, F. Effect of carnitine supplementation on lipid profile and anemia in children on chronic dialysis. Pediatr.Nephrol. 2007;22(5):727-733. View abstract.

Loffredo, L., Marcoccia, A., Pignatelli, P., Andreozzi, P., Borgia, M. C., Cangemi, R., Chiarotti, F., and Violi, F. Oxidative-stress-mediated arterial dysfunction in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Eur.Heart J 2007;28(5):608-612. View abstract.

Spiering, B. A., Kraemer, W. J., Vingren, J. L., Hatfield, D. L., Fragala, M. S., Ho, J. Y., Maresh, C. M., Anderson, J. M., and Volek, J. S. Responses of criterion variables to different supplemental doses of L-carnitine L-tartrate. J Strength.Cond.Res. 2007;21(1):259-264. View abstract.

Perna, A. F., Acanfora, F., Satta, E., Lombardi, C., Capasso, R., Ingrosso, D., and De Santo, N. G. L-Propionyl carnitine, homocysteine and S-adenosylhomocysteine in hemodialysis. J Nephrol. 2007;20(1):63-65. View abstract.

Sood, A., Barton, D. L., Bauer, B. A., and Loprinzi, C. L. A critical review of complementary therapies for cancer-related fatigue. Integr.Cancer Ther 2007;6(1):8-13. View abstract.

Lagioia, R., Scrutinio, D., Mangini, S. G., Ricci, A., Mastropasqua, F., Valentini, G., Ramunni, G., Totaro, Fila G., and Rizzon, P. Propionil-L-carnitine: a new compound in the metabolic approach to the treatment of effort angina. Int J Cardiol 1992;34(2):167-172. View abstract.

Zhou, X., Liu, F., and Zhai, S. Effect of L-carnitine and/or L-acetyl-carnitine in nutrition treatment for male infertility: a systematic review. Asia Pac.J Clin Nutr. 2007;16 Suppl 1:383-390. View abstract.

McMackin, C. J., Widlansky, M. E., Hamburg, N. M., Huang, A. L., Weller, S., Holbrook, M., Gokce, N., Hagen, T. M., Keaney, J. F., Jr., and Vita, J. A. Effect of combined treatment with alpha-Lipoic acid and acetyl-L-carnitine on vascular function and blood pressure in patients with coronary artery disease. J Clin Hypertens.(Greenwich.) 2007;9(4):249-255. View abstract.

Spasov, A. A., Iezhitsa, I. N., Kravchenko, M. S., Pisarev, V. B., and Snigur, G. L. Effects of L-, D-, and DL-carnitine on morphometric parameters of skeletal muscle and exercise performance of laboratory animals receiving carnitine-deficient diet. Bull.Exp.Biol.Med. 2006;142(4):458-460. View abstract.

Lund, A. M., Joensen, F., Hougaard, D. M., Jensen, L. K., Christensen, E., Christensen, M., Norgaard-Petersen, B., Schwartz, M., and Skovby, F. Carnitine transporter and holocarboxylase synthetase deficiencies in The Faroe Islands. J Inherit.Metab Dis 2007;30(3):341-349. View abstract.

Youle, M. and Osio, M. A double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, multicentre study of acetyl L-carnitine in the symptomatic treatment of antiretroviral toxic neuropathy in patients with HIV-1 infection. HIV.Med. 2007;8(4):241-250. View abstract.

Morano, S., Mandosi, E., Fallarino, M., Gatti, A., Tiberti, C., Sensi, M., Gandini, L., Buchetti, B., Lenti, L., Jannini, E. A., and Lenzi, A. Antioxidant treatment associated with sildenafil reduces monocyte activation and markers of endothelial damage in patients with diabetic erectile dysfunction: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Eur.Urol. 2007;52(6):1768-1774. View abstract.

Salonia, A. Editorial comment on: Antioxidant treatment associated with sildenafil reduces monocyte activation and markers of endothelial damage in patients with diabetic erectile dysfunction: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Eur.Urol. 2007;52(6):1775-1776. View abstract.

Pickard, R. Editorial comment on: Antioxidant treatment associated with sildenafil reduces monocyte activation and markers of endothelial damage in patients with diabetic erectile dysfunction: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Eur.Urol. 2007;52(6):1774-1775. View abstract.

Russell, S. Carnitine as an antidote for acute valproate toxicity in children. Curr.Opin.Pediatr. 2007;19(2):206-210. View abstract.

Fornasini, G., Upton, R. N., and Evans, A. M. A pharmacokinetic model for L-carnitine in patients receiving haemodialysis. Br.J Clin Pharmacol 2007;64(3):335-345. View abstract.

Jimenez Caballero, P. E. and Marsal, Alonso C. [Type 1 glutaric aciduria: clinical and therapeutic implications]. Neurologia 2007;22(5):329-332. View abstract.

Rajasekar, P. and Anuradha, C. V. L-Carnitine inhibits protein glycation in vitro and in vivo: evidence for a role in diabetic management. Acta Diabetol. 2007;44(2):83-90. View abstract.

Malvagia, S., Papi, L., Morrone, A., Donati, M. A., Ciani, F., Pasquini, E., la, Marca G., Scholte, H. R., Genuardi, M., and Zammarchi, E. Fatal malonyl CoA decarboxylase deficiency due to maternal uniparental isodisomy of the telomeric end of chromosome 16. Ann.Hum.Genet. 2007;71(Pt 6):705-712. View abstract.

Rossini, M., Di, Munno O., Valentini, G., Bianchi, G., Biasi, G., Cacace, E., Malesci, D., La, Montagna G., Viapiana, O., and Adami, S. Double-blind, multicenter trial comparing acetyl l-carnitine with placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia patients. Clin Exp.Rheumatol. 2007;25(2):182-188. View abstract.

Miwa, S. and Takikawa, O. [Chronic fatigue syndrome and neurotransmitters]. Nihon Rinsho 2007;65(6):1005-1010. View abstract.

Carroll, J. K., Kohli, S., Mustian, K. M., Roscoe, J. A., and Morrow, G. R. Pharmacologic treatment of cancer-related fatigue. Oncologist. 2007;12 Suppl 1:43-51. View abstract.

Guevara-Campos, J., Gonzalez-Guevara, L., Parada, Y., and Urbaez-Cano, J. [Infantile encephalopathy associated with the MELAS A3243G mutation. Case report]. Invest Clin 2007;48(2):243-248. View abstract.

Malone, M. A., Schocken, D. D., Hanna, S. K., Liang, X., and Malone, J. I. Diabetes-induced bradycardia is an intrinsic metabolic defect reversed by carnitine. Metabolism 2007;56(8):1118-1123. View abstract.

Rajasekar, P. and Anuradha, C. V. Effect of L-carnitine on skeletal muscle lipids and oxidative stress in rats fed high-fructose diet. Exp.Diabetes Res. 2007;2007:72741. View abstract.

Malaguarnera, M., Gargante, M. P., Cristaldi, E., Colonna, V., Messano, M., Koverech, A., Neri, S., Vacante, M., Cammalleri, L., and Motta, M. Acetyl L-carnitine (ALC) treatment in elderly patients with fatigue. Arch.Gerontol.Geriatr. 2008;46(2):181-190. View abstract.

Donnelly, C. T., Hameed, A. B., Abdenur, J. E., and Wing, D. A. Carnitine deficiency in pregnancy. Obstet.Gynecol. 2007;110(2 Pt 2):480-482. View abstract.

Erbas, H., Aydogdu, N., Usta, U., and Erten, O. Protective role of carnitine in breast cancer via decreasing arginase activity and increasing nitric oxide. Cell Biol.Int. 2007;31(11):1414-1419. View abstract.

Youle, M. Acetyl-L-carnitine in HIV-associated antiretroviral toxic neuropathy. CNS.Drugs 2007;21 Suppl 1:25-30. View abstract.

Jirillo, E., Altamura, M., Munno, I., Pellegrino, N. M., Sabato, R., Di Fabio, S., and De Simone, C. Effects of acetyl-L-carnitine oral administration on lymphocyte antibacterial activity and TNF-alpha levels in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. A randomized double blind versus placebo study. Immunopharmacol.Immunotoxicol. 1991;13(1-2):135-146. View abstract.

Orlandi, A., Francesconi, A., Ferlosio, A., Di, Lascio A., Marcellini, M., Pisano, C., and Spagnoli, L. G. Propionyl-L-carnitine prevents age-related myocardial remodeling in the rabbit. J Cardiovasc.Pharmacol 2007;50(2):168-175. View abstract.

Safarinejad, M. R., Hosseini, S. Y., and Kolahi, A. A. Comparison of vitamin E and propionyl-L-carnitine, separately or in combination, in patients with early chronic Peyronie's disease: a double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized study. J Urol. 2007;178(4 Pt 1):1398-1403. View abstract.

Heil, S. G., Hogeveen, M., Kluijtmans, L. A., van Dijken, P. J., van de Berg, G. B., Blom, H. J., and Morava, E. Marfanoid features in a child with combined methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria (CblC type). J Inherit.Metab Dis 2007;30(5):811. View abstract.

Foitzik, K., Hoting, E., Heinrich, U., Tronnier, H., and Paus, R. Indications that topical L-carnitin-L-tartrate promotes human hair growth in vivo. J Dermatol.Sci 2007;48(2):141-144. View abstract.

Wadzinski, J., Franks, R., Roane, D., and Bayard, M. Valproate-associated hyperammonemic encephalopathy. J Am.Board Fam.Med. 2007;20(5):499-502. View abstract.

Kumar, A., Singh, R. B., Saxena, M., Niaz, M. A., Josh, S. R., Chattopadhyay, P., Mechirova, V., Pella, D., and Fedacko, J. Effect of carni Q-gel (ubiquinol and carnitine) on cytokines in patients with heart failure in the Tishcon study. Acta Cardiol. 2007;62(4):349-354. View abstract.

Al'miasheva, M. I., Balashov, V. P., Ivianskii, S. A., Markelova, I. A., Kul'kova, N. P., and Balykova, L. A. [Experimental study of the effects of metabolic drugs on exercise tolerance]. Vopr.Kurortol.Fizioter.Lech.Fiz Kult. 2007;(4):15-17. View abstract.

Rossini, D., Bulckaen, M., Di, Marco S., Giovannetti, R., Giuntoli, F., Lacopetti, L., and Vergoni, W. [Rehabilitation program in patients with moderate-to-severe intermittent claudication: immediate results and one year follow-up]. Monaldi Arch.Chest Dis 2007;68(2):110-114. View abstract.

Xie, H., Tang, S. Y., Li, H., Luo, X. H., Yuan, L. Q., Wang, D., and Liao, E. Y. L-carnitine protects against apoptosis of murine MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. Amino.Acids 2008;35(2):419-423. View abstract.

Panjwani, U., Thakur, L., Anand, J. P., Singh, S. N., Amitabh, Singh, S. B., and Banerjee, P. K. Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on endurance exercise in normobaric/normoxic and hypobaric/hypoxic conditions. Wilderness.Environ.Med. 2007;18(3):169-176. View abstract.

Dealberto, M. J. Valproate-induced hyperammonaemic encephalopathy: review of 14 cases in the psychiatric setting. Int.Clin Psychopharmacol. 2007;22(6):330-337. View abstract.

Romano, M., Vacante, M., Cristaldi, E., Colonna, V., Gargante, M. P., Cammalleri, L., and Malaguarnera, M. L-carnitine treatment reduces steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with alpha-interferon and ribavirin. Dig.Dis Sci 2008;53(4):1114-1121. View abstract.

Balasaraswathi, K., Rajasekar, P., and Anuradha, C. V. Changes in redox ratio and protein glycation in precataractous lens from fructose-fed rats: effects of exogenous L-carnitine. Clin Exp.Pharmacol Physiol 2008;35(2):168-173. View abstract.

Miles, C. L., Candy, B., Jones, L., Williams, R., Tookman, A., and King, M. Interventions for sexual dysfunction following treatments for cancer. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2007;(4):CD005540. View abstract.

Weinhandl, E. D., Rao, M., Gilbertson, D. T., Collins, A. J., and Pereira, B. J. Protective effect of intravenous levocarnitine on subsequent-month hospitalization among prevalent hemodialysis patients, 1998 to 2003. Am.J Kidney Dis 2007;50(5):803-812. View abstract.

Xue, Y. Z., Wang, L. X., Liu, H. Z., Qi, X. W., Wang, X. H., and Ren, H. Z. L-carnitine as an adjunct therapy to percutaneous coronary intervention for non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc.Drugs Ther 2007;21(6):445-448. View abstract.

Chen, J. C., Tsai, T. C., Liu, C. S., and Lu, C. T. Acute hearing loss in a patient with mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS). Acta Neurol.Taiwan. 2007;16(3):168-172. View abstract.

Biolo, G., Stulle, M., Bianco, F., Mengozzi, G., Barazzoni, R., Vasile, A., Panzetta, G., and Guarnieri, G. Insulin action on glucose and protein metabolism during L-carnitine supplementation in maintenance haemodialysis patients. Nephrol.Dial Transplant 2008;23(3):991-997. View abstract.

Rajasekar, P., Palanisamy, N., and Anuradha, C. V. Increase in nitric oxide and reductions in blood pressure, protein kinase C beta II and oxidative stress by L-carnitine: a study in the fructose-fed hypertensive rat. Clin Exp.Hypertens. 2007;29(8):517-530. View abstract.

Katiyar, A. and Aaron, C. Case files of the Children's Hospital of Michigan Regional Poison Control Center: the use of carnitine for the management of acute valproic acid toxicity. J Med.Toxicol. 2007;3(3):129-138. View abstract.

Yokoi, K., Ito, T., Maeda, Y., Nakajima, Y., Ueta, A., Nomura, T., Koyama, N., Kato, I., Suzuki, S., Kurono, Y., Sugiyama, N., and Togari, H. Acylcarnitine profiles during carnitine loading and fasting tests in a Japanese patient with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Tohoku J Exp.Med. 2007;213(4):351-359. View abstract.

Sproule, D. M., Dyme, J., Coku, J., de, Vinck D., Rosenzweig, E., Chung, W. K., and De Vivo, D. C. Pulmonary artery hypertension in a child with MELAS due to a point mutation of the mitochondrial tRNA((Leu)) gene (m.3243A > G). J Inherit.Metab Dis 1-7-2008; View abstract.

Mitwalli, A. H., Al-Wakeel, J. S., Alam, A., Tarif, N., Abu-Aisha, H., Rashed, M., and Al, Nahed N. L-carnitine supplementation in hemodialysis patients. Saudi.J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2005;16(1):17-22. View abstract.

Williams, S. F., Alvarez, J. R., Pedro, H. F., and Apuzzio, J. J. Glutaric aciduria type II and narcolepsy in pregnancy. Obstet.Gynecol. 2008;111(2 Pt 2):522-524. View abstract.

Young, P., Finn, B. C., Alvarez, F., Bruetman, J. E., and Trimarchi, H. [Valproate-associated hyperammonemic encephalopathy. Report of one case]. Rev.Med.Chil. 2007;135(11):1446-1449. View abstract.

Smith, W. A., Fry, A. C., Tschume, L. C., and Bloomer, R. J. Effect of glycine propionyl-L-carnitine on aerobic and anaerobic exercise performance. Int.J Sport Nutr.Exerc.Metab 2008;18(1):19-36. View abstract.

Hsieh, C. T., Hwu, W. L., Huang, Y. T., Huang, A. C., Wang, S. F., Hu, M. H., and Chien, Y. H. Early detection of glutaric aciduria type I by newborn screening in Taiwan. J Formos.Med.Assoc. 2008;107(2):139-144. View abstract.

Sugino, T., Aoyagi, S., Shirai, T., Kajimoto, Y., and Kajimoto, O. Effects of Citric Acid and l-Carnitine on Physical Fatigue. J Clin Biochem.Nutr. 2007;41(3):224-230. View abstract.

Arnold, L. E., Amato, A., Bozzolo, H., Hollway, J., Cook, A., Ramadan, Y., Crowl, L., Zhang, D., Thompson, S., Testa, G., Kliewer, V., Wigal, T., McBurnett, K., and Manos, M. Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a multi-site, placebo-controlled pilot trial. J Child Adolesc.Psychopharmacol. 2007;17(6):791-802. View abstract.

Andreozzi, G. M., Leone, A., Laudani, R., Martin, R., Deinit, G., and Cataldi, V. Levo-propionyl-carnitine improves the effectiveness of supervised physical training on the absolute claudication distance in patients with intermittent claudication. Angiology 2008;59(1):84-89. View abstract.

Tanner, L. M., Nanto-Salonen, K., Rashed, M. S., Kotilainen, S., Aalto, M., Venetoklis, J., Niinikoski, H., Huoponen, K., and Simell, O. Carnitine deficiency and L-carnitine supplementation in lysinuric protein intolerance. Metabolism 2008;57(4):549-554. View abstract.

Jones, S., Reed, C. A., Vijay, S., Walter, J. H., and Morris, A. A. N-carbamylglutamate for neonatal hyperammonaemia in propionic acidaemia. J Inherit.Metab Dis 2008;31 Suppl 2:S219-S222. View abstract.

Zhang, J. M., Gu, X. F., Shao, X. H., Song, X. Q., Han, L. S., Ye, J., Qiu, W. J., Gao, X. L., Wang, Y., and Wang, M. X. [Values of tandem mass spectrometry in etiologic diagnosis of cerebral developmental retardation]. Zhonghua Er.Ke.Za Zhi. 2007;45(12):932-936. View abstract.

Bjornsson, E. Hepatotoxicity associated with antiepileptic drugs. Acta Neurol.Scand. 2008;118(5):281-290. View abstract.

Malaguarnera, M., Gargante, M. P., Cristaldi, E., Vacante, M., Risino, C., Cammalleri, L., Pennisi, G., and Rampello, L. Acetyl-L-carnitine treatment in minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Dig.Dis Sci 2008;53(11):3018-3025. View abstract.

Jung, J., Eo, E., and Ahn, K. O. A case of hemoperfusion and L-carnitine management in valproic acid overdose. Am.J Emerg.Med. 2008;26(3):388-4. View abstract.

Grandis, D. D. Tolerability and efficacy of L-acetylcarnitine in patients with peripheral neuropathies: a short-term, open multicentre study. Clin Drug Investig. 1998;15(2):73-79. View abstract.

Chan, Y. C., Tse, M. L., and Lau, F. L. Two cases of valproic acid poisoning treated with L-carnitine. Hum.Exp.Toxicol. 2007;26(12):967-969. View abstract.

Fenkci, S. M., Fenkci, V., Oztekin, O., Rota, S., and Karagenc, N. Serum total L-carnitine levels in non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum.Reprod. 2008;23(7):1602-1606. View abstract.

Cheng, H. J. and Chen, T. [Clinical efficacy of combined L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine on idiopathic asthenospermia]. Zhonghua Nan.Ke.Xue. 2008;14(2):149-151. View abstract.

Eroglu, H., Senel, O., and Guzel, N. A. Effects of acute L-carnitine intake on metabolic and blood lactate levels of elite badminton players. Neuro.Endocrinol.Lett. 2008;29(2):261-266. View abstract.

Pacheco, A., Torres, R., Sanhueza, M. E., Elgueta, L., Segovia, E., and Cano, M. [Study of aerobic capacity in chronic hemodialized patients: effect of L-carnitine supplementation]. Med.Clin (Barc.) 4-5-2008;130(12):441-445. View abstract.

Boneh, A., Beauchamp, M., Humphrey, M., Watkins, J., Peters, H., and Yaplito-Lee, J. Newborn screening for glutaric aciduria type I in Victoria: treatment and outcome. Mol.Genet.Metab 2008;94(3):287-291. View abstract.

Fujiwara, M., Nakano, T., Tamoto, S., Yamada, Y., Fukai, M., Takada, K., Ashida, H., Shimada, T., Ishihara, T., and Seki, I. [Effect of L-carnitine in patients with ischemic heart disease]. J Cardiol 1991;21(2):493-504. View abstract.

Fan, J. P., Kim, H. S., and Han, G. D. Induction of apoptosis by L-carnitine through regulation of two main pathways in Hepa1c1c 7 cells. Amino.Acids 2009;36(2):365-372. View abstract.

Soczynska, J. K., Kennedy, S. H., Chow, C. S., Woldeyohannes, H. O., Konarski, J. Z., and McIntyre, R. S. Acetyl-L-carnitine and alpha-lipoic acid: possible neurotherapeutic agents for mood disorders? Expert.Opin.Investig.Drugs 2008;17(6):827-843. View abstract.

Allegra, C., Antignani, P. L., Schachter, I., Koverech, A., Messano, M., and Virmani, A. Propionyl-L-carnitine in Leriche-Fontaine stage II peripheral arterial obstructive disease. Ann.Vasc.Surg. 2008;22(4):552-558. View abstract.

Sakurabayashi, T., Miyazaki, S., Yuasa, Y., Sakai, S., Suzuki, M., Takahashi, S., and Hirasawa, Y. L-carnitine supplementation decreases the left ventricular mass in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Circ.J 2008;72(6):926-931. View abstract.

Riccioni, C., Sarcinella, R., Palermo, G., Izzo, A., Liguori, M., Koverech, A., Messano, M., and Virmani, A. Evaluation of the efficacy of propionyl-L-carnitine versus pulsed muscular compressions in diabetic and non-diabetic patients affected by obliterating arteriopathy Leriche stage II. Int.Angiol. 2008;27(3):253-259. View abstract.

Hooshmand, S., Balakrishnan, A., Clark, R. M., Owen, K. Q., Koo, S. I., and Arjmandi, B. H. Dietary l-carnitine supplementation improves bone mineral density by suppressing bone turnover in aged ovariectomized rats. Phytomedicine. 2008;15(8):595-601. View abstract.

Spiering, B. A., Kraemer, W. J., Hatfield, D. L., Vingren, J. L., Fragala, M. S., Ho, J. Y., Thomas, G. A., Hakkinen, K., and Volek, J. S. Effects of L-carnitine L-tartrate supplementation on muscle oxygenation responses to resistance exercise. J Strength.Cond.Res. 2008;22(4):1130-1135. View abstract.

Zwickler, T., Lindner, M., Aydin, H. I., Baumgartner, M. R., Bodamer, O. A., Burlina, A. B., Das, A. M., DeKlerk, J. B., Gokcay, G., Grunewald, S., Guffon, N., Maier, E. M., Morava, E., Geb, S., Schwahn, B., Walter, J. H., Wendel, U., Wijburg, F. A., Muller, E., Kolker, S., and Horster, F. Diagnostic work-up and management of patients with isolated methylmalonic acidurias in European metabolic centres. J Inherit.Metab Dis 2008;31(3):361-367. View abstract.

Dutta, A., Ray, K., Singh, V. K., Vats, P., Singh, S. N., and Singh, S. B. L-carnitine supplementation attenuates intermittent hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and delays muscle fatigue in rats. Exp.Physiol 2008;93(10):1139-1146. View abstract.

Block, K. I., Koch, A. C., Mead, M. N., Tothy, P. K., Newman, R. A., and Gyllenhaal, C. Impact of antioxidant supplementation on chemotherapeutic toxicity: a systematic review of the evidence from randomized controlled trials. Int.J Cancer 9-15-2008;123(6):1227-1239. View abstract.

El Beshlawy, A., Mohtar, G., Abd El, Ghafar E., Abd El Dayem, S. M., El Sayed, M. H., Aly, A. A., and Farok, M. Assessment of puberty in relation to L-carnitine and hormonal replacement therapy in beta-thalassemic patients. J Trop.Pediatr. 2008;54(6):375-381. View abstract.

Bijarnia, S., Wiley, V., Carpenter, K., Christodoulou, J., Ellaway, C. J., and Wilcken, B. Glutaric aciduria type I: outcome following detection by newborn screening. J Inherit.Metab Dis 2008;31(4):503-507. View abstract.

Lynch, K. E., Feldman, H. I., Berlin, J. A., Flory, J., Rowan, C. G., and Brunelli, S. M. Effects of L-carnitine on dialysis-related hypotension and muscle cramps: a meta-analysis. Am.J Kidney Dis 2008;52(5):962-971. View abstract.

Gonzalez-Ortiz, M., Hernandez-Gonzalez, S. O., Hernandez-Salazar, E., and Martinez-Abundis, E. Effect of oral L-carnitine administration on insulin sensitivity and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Ann.Nutr.Metab 2008;52(4):335-338. View abstract.

Horvath, G. A., Davidson, A. G., Stockler-Ipsiroglu, S. G., Lillquist, Y. P., Waters, P. J., Olpin, S., Andresen, B. S., Palaty, J., Nelson, J., and Vallance, H. Newborn screening for MCAD deficiency: experience of the first three years in British Columbia, Canada. Can.J Public Health 2008;99(4):276-280. View abstract.

Miguel-Carrasco, J. L., Mate, A., Monserrat, M. T., Arias, J. L., Aramburu, O., and Vazquez, C. M. The role of inflammatory markers in the cardioprotective effect of L-carnitine in L-NAME-induced hypertension. Am.J Hypertens. 2008;21(11):1231-1237. View abstract.

Pittler, M. H. and Ernst, E. Complementary therapies for neuropathic and neuralgic pain: systematic review. Clin J Pain 2008;24(8):731-733. View abstract.

Cruciani, R. A., Dvorkin, E., Homel, P., Culliney, B., Malamud, S., Lapin, J., Portenoy, R. K., and Esteban-Cruciani, N. L-carnitine supplementation in patients with advanced cancer and carnitine deficiency: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Pain Symptom.Manage. 2009;37(4):622-631. View abstract.

Evans, J. D., Jacobs, T. F., and Evans, E. W. Role of acetyl-L-carnitine in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Ann.Pharmacother. 2008;42(11):1686-1691. View abstract.

Weigel, C., Kiener, C., Meier, N., Schmid, P., Rauh, M., Rascher, W., and Knerr, I. Carnitine status in early-treated children, adolescents and young adults with phenylketonuria on low phenylalanine diets. Ann.Nutr.Metab 2008;53(2):91-95. View abstract.

Bernard, A., Rigault, C., Mazue, F., Le, Borgne F., and Demarquoy, J. L-carnitine supplementation and physical exercise restore age-associated decline in some mitochondrial functions in the rat. J Gerontol.A Biol.Sci Med.Sci 2008;63(10):1027-1033. View abstract.

Uppin, M. S., Sundaram, C., Meena, A. K., Reddy, K. M., Reddy, K. K., Vanniarajan, A., and Thangaraj, K. Lipid storage myopathies with unusual clinical manifestations. Neurol.India 2008;56(3):391-393. View abstract.

Janiri, L., Martinotti, G., Tonioni, F., Ghelardini, C., Nicolai, R., Galeotti, N., Mosconi, L., Calvani, M., Bartolini, A., and Iannoni, E. Acetyl-L-carnitine in the management of pain during methadone withdrawal syndrome. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2009;32(1):35-40. View abstract.

Volek, J. S., Judelson, D. A., Silvestre, R., Yamamoto, L. M., Spiering, B. A., Hatfield, D. L., Vingren, J. L., Quann, E. E., Anderson, J. M., Maresh, C. M., and Kraemer, W. J. Effects of carnitine supplementation on flow-mediated dilation and vascular inflammatory responses to a high-fat meal in healthy young adults. Am.J Cardiol. 11-15-2008;102(10):1413-1417. View abstract.

Chan, A., Paskavitz, J., Remington, R., Rasmussen, S., and Shea, T. B. Efficacy of a vitamin/nutriceutical formulation for early-stage Alzheimer's disease: a 1-year, open-label pilot study with an 16-month caregiver extension. Am.J Alzheimers.Dis Other Demen. 12-20-2008;23(6):571-585. View abstract.

Malaguarnera, M., Vacante, M., Avitabile, T., Malaguarnera, M., Cammalleri, L., and Motta, M. L-Carnitine supplementation reduces oxidized LDL cholesterol in patients with diabetes. Am J Clin.Nutr 2009;89(1):71-76. View abstract.

Remington, R., Chan, A., Paskavitz, J., and Shea, T. B. Efficacy of a vitamin/nutriceutical formulation for moderate-stage to later-stage Alzheimer's disease: a placebo-controlled pilot study. Am.J Alzheimers.Dis Other Demen. 2009;24(1):27-33. View abstract.

El-Beshlawy, A., Youssry, I., El-Saidi, S., El, Accaoui R., Mansi, Y., Makhlouf, A., and Taher, A. Pulmonary hypertension in beta-thalassemia major and the role of L-carnitine therapy. Pediatr.Hematol.Oncol. 2008;25(8):734-743. View abstract.

Ye, J., Li, C. J., and Liu, J. H. [A clinical analysis of methylmalonic acidemia in adolescents]. Zhonghua Nei Ke.Za Zhi. 2008;47(10):823-825. View abstract.

Jing, L., Li, W. M., Zhou, L. J., and Song, J. [L-carnitine and cardiac metabolism and remodeling indices in alcoholic cardiomyopathy]. Zhonghua Nei Ke.Za Zhi. 2008;47(11):934-937. View abstract.

Bonilla, Guerrero R., Wolfe, L. A., Payne, N., Tortorelli, S., Matern, D., Rinaldo, P., Gavrilov, D., Melan, M., He, M., Steinberg, S. J., Raymond, G. V., Vockley, J., and Gibson, K. M. Essential fatty acid profiling for routine nutritional assessment unmasks adrenoleukodystrophy in an infant with isovaleric acidaemia. J Inherit.Metab Dis 2008;31 Suppl 2:S453-S456. View abstract.

Asilsoy, S., Bekem, O., Karaman, O., Uzuner, N., and Kavukcu, S. Serum total and free carnitine levels in children with asthma. World J Pediatr. 2009;5(1):60-62. View abstract.

Fortin, G., Yurchenko, K., Collette, C., Rubio, M., Villani, A. C., Bitton, A., Sarfati, M., and Franchimont, D. L-carnitine, a diet component and organic cation transporter OCTN ligand, displays immunosuppressive properties and abrogates intestinal inflammation. Clin Exp.Immunol. 2009;156(1):161-171. View abstract.

Cao, Y., Wang, Y. X., Liu, C. J., Wang, L. X., Han, Z. W., and Wang, C. B. Comparison of pharmacokinetics of L-carnitine, acetyl-L-carnitine and propionyl-L-carnitine after single oral administration of L-carnitine in healthy volunteers. Clin Invest Med. 2009;32(1):E13-E19. View abstract.

Valcour, V., Yeh, T. M., Bartt, R., Clifford, D., Gerschenson, M., Evans, S. R., Cohen, B. A., Ebenezer, G. J., Hauer, P., Millar, L., Gould, M., Tran, P., Shikuma, C., Souza, S., and McArthur, J. C. Acetyl-l-carnitine and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-associated neuropathy in HIV infection. HIV.Med. 2009;10(2):103-110. View abstract.

Arenas, J., Ricoy, J. R., Encinas, A. R., Pola, P., D'Iddio, S., Zeviani, M., Didonato, S., and Corsi, M. Carnitine in muscle, serum, and urine of nonprofessional athletes: effects of physical exercise, training, and L-carnitine administration. Muscle Nerve 1991;14(7):598-604. View abstract.

Seo, J. T., Kim, K. T., Moon, M. H., and Kim, W. T. The significance of microsurgical varicocelectomy in the treatment of subclinical varicocele. Fertil.Steril. 2010;93(6):1907-1910. View abstract.

Liang, W. C., Ohkuma, A., Hayashi, Y. K., Lopez, L. C., Hirano, M., Nonaka, I., Noguchi, S., Chen, L. H., Jong, Y. J., and Nishino, I. ETFDH mutations, CoQ10 levels, and respiratory chain activities in patients with riboflavin-responsive multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Neuromuscul.Disord. 2009;19(3):212-216. View abstract.

Jacobs, P. L., Goldstein, E. R., Blackburn, W., Orem, I., and Hughes, J. J. Glycine propionyl-L-carnitine produces enhanced anaerobic work capacity with reduced lactate accumulation in resistance trained males. J Int.Soc.Sports Nutr. 2009;6:9. View abstract.

Malaguarnera, M., Risino, C., Cammalleri, L., Malaguarnera, L., Astuto, M., Vecchio, I., and Rampello, L. Branched chain amino acids supplemented with L-acetylcarnitine versus BCAA treatment in hepatic coma: a randomized and controlled double blind study. Eur.J Gastroenterol.Hepatol. 2009;21(7):762-770. View abstract.

de Lira-Garcia, C., Souto-Gallardo, M., Bacardi-Gascon, M., and Jimenez-Cruz, A. [A systematic review of the effectiveness of alternative weight-loss products' ingredients]. Rev.Salud Publica (Bogota.) 2008;10(5):818-830. View abstract.

Schoffski, P., Guillem, V., Garcia, M., Rivera, F., Tabernero, J., Cullell, M., Lopez-Martin, J. A., Pollard, P., Dumez, H., del Muro, X. G., and Paz-Ares, L. Phase II randomized study of Plitidepsin (Aplidin), alone or in association with L-carnitine, in patients with unresectable advanced renal cell carcinoma. Mar.Drugs 2009;7(1):57-70. View abstract.

Nasser, M., Javaheri, H., Fedorowicz, Z., and Noorani, Z. Carnitine supplementation for inborn errors of metabolism. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2009;(2):CD006659. View abstract.

Spiekerkoetter, U., Lindner, M., Santer, R., Grotzke, M., Baumgartner, M. R., Boehles, H., Das, A., Haase, C., Hennermann, J. B., Karall, D., de, Klerk H., Knerr, I., Koch, H. G., Plecko, B., Roschinger, W., Schwab, K. O., Scheible, D., Wijburg, F. A., Zschocke, J., Mayatepek, E., and Wendel, U. Management and outcome in 75 individuals with long-chain fatty acid oxidation defects: results from a workshop. J Inherit.Metab Dis 2009;32(4):488-497. View abstract.

Sharifi, A. M., Zare, B., Keshavarz, M., and Ghaderpanahi, M. Effect of short term treatment of L-carnitine on tissue ACE activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Pathophysiology. 2009;16(1):53-56. View abstract.

Socha, P., Horvath, A., Vajro, P., Dziechciarz, P., Dhawan, A., and Szajewska, H. Pharmacological interventions for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adults and in children: a systematic review. J Pediatr.Gastroenterol.Nutr. 2009;48(5):587-596. View abstract.

Merchant, R., Jain, A., Udani, A., Puri, V., and Kotian, M. L-carnitine in beta thalassemia. Indian Pediatr. 2010;47(2):165-167. View abstract.

Chao, H. H., Chen, C. H., Liu, J. C., Lin, J. W., Wong, K. L., and Cheng, T. H. L-Carnitine attenuates angiotensin II-induced proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts: role of NADPH oxidase inhibition and decreased sphingosine-1-phosphate generation. J Nutr.Biochem. 2010;21(7):580-588. View abstract.

Milio, G., Novo, G., Genova, C., Luigi, Almasio P., Novo, S., and Pinto, A. Pharmacological treatment of patients with chronic critical limb ischemia: L-propionyl-carnitine enhances the short-term effects of PGE-1. Cardiovasc.Drugs Ther 2009;23(4):301-306. View abstract.

Maillart, E., Acquaviva-Bourdain, C., Rigal, O., Brivet, M., Jardel, C., Lombes, A., Eymard, B., Vianey-Saban, C., and Laforet, P. [Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD): a curable cause of genetic muscular lipidosis]. Rev.Neurol.(Paris) 2010;166(3):289-294. View abstract.

Benedini, S., Perseghin, G., Terruzzi, I., Scifo, P., Invernizzi, P. L., Del, Maschio A., Lazzarin, A., and Luzi, L. Effect of L-acetylcarnitine on body composition in HIV-related lipodystrophy. Horm.Metab Res. 2009;41(11):840-845. View abstract.

Malaguarnera, M., Vacante, M., Motta, M., Malaguarnera, M., Li, Volti G., and Galvano, F. Effect of L-carnitine on the size of low-density lipoprotein particles in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with simvastatin. Metabolism 2009;58(11):1618-1623. View abstract.

Galvano, F., Li, Volti G., Malaguarnera, M., Avitabile, T., Antic, T., Vacante, M., and Malaguarnera, M. Effects of simvastatin and carnitine versus simvastatin on lipoprotein(a) and apoprotein(a) in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Expert.Opin.Pharmacother. 2009;10(12):1875-1882. View abstract.

Roy, M. J., Dionne, S., Marx, G., Qureshi, I., Sarma, D., Levy, E., and Seidman, E. G. In vitro studies on the inhibition of colon cancer by butyrate and carnitine. Nutrition 2009;25(11-12):1193-1201. View abstract.

Ruggenenti, P., Cattaneo, D., Loriga, G., Ledda, F., Motterlini, N., Gherardi, G., Orisio, S., and Remuzzi, G. Ameliorating hypertension and insulin resistance in subjects at increased cardiovascular risk: effects of acetyl-L-carnitine therapy. Hypertension 2009;54(3):567-574. View abstract.

Le Tourneau, C., Faivre, S., Ciruelos, E., Dominguez, M. J., Lopez-Martin, J. A., Izquierdo, M. A., Jimeno, J., and Raymond, E. Reports of clinical benefit of plitidepsin (Aplidine), a new marine-derived anticancer agent, in patients with advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma. Am.J Clin Oncol. 2010;33(2):132-136. View abstract.

Alvarez, T. M., Guardiola, P. D., Roldan, J. O., Elviro, R., Wevers, R., and Guijarro, G. [Primary trimethylaminuria: the fish odor syndrome]. Endocrinol.Nutr. 2009;56(6):337-340. View abstract.

Augustyniak, A., Stankiewicz, A., and Skrzydlewska, E. The Influence of L-Carnitine on Oxidative Modification of LDL In Vitro. Toxicol.Mech.Methods 2008;18(6):455-462. View abstract.

Head, E., Nukala, V. N., Fenoglio, K. A., Muggenburg, B. A., Cotman, C. W., and Sullivan, P. G. Effects of age, dietary, and behavioral enrichment on brain mitochondria in a canine model of human aging. Exp.Neurol. 2009;220(1):171-176. View abstract.

Zhang, W., Miao, J., Zhang, G., Liu, R., Zhang, D., Wan, Q., Yu, Y., Zhao, G., and Li, Z. Muscle carnitine deficiency: adult onset lipid storage myopathy with sensory neuropathy. Neurol.Sci 2010;31(1):61-64. View abstract.

Ishii, K., Komaki, H., Ohkuma, A., Nishino, I., Nonaka, I., and Sasaki, M. Central nervous system and muscle involvement in an adolescent patient with riboflavin-responsive multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Brain Dev. 2010;32(8):669-672. View abstract.

Karimi, M., Mohammadi, F., Behmanesh, F., Samani, S. M., Borzouee, M., Amoozgar, H., and Haghpanah, S. Effect of combination therapy of hydroxyurea with l-carnitine and magnesium chloride on hematologic parameters and cardiac function of patients with beta-thalassemia intermedia. Eur.J Haematol. 1-1-2010;84(1):52-58. View abstract.

Park, H. D., Kim, S. R., Ki, C. S., Lee, S. Y., Chang, Y. S., Jin, D. K., and Park, W. S. Two novel HADHB gene mutations in a Korean patient with mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency. Ann.Clin Lab Sci 2009;39(4):399-404. View abstract.

Rossignol, D. A. Novel and emerging treatments for autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review. Ann.Clin Psychiatry 2009;21(4):213-236. View abstract.

Auinger, K., Muller, V., Rudiger, A., and Maggiorini, M. Valproic acid intoxication imitating brain death. Am.J Emerg.Med. 2009;27(9):1177-6. View abstract.

Arbeiter, A. K., Kranz, B., Wingen, A. M., Bonzel, K. E., Dohna-Schwake, C., Hanssler, L., Neudorf, U., Hoyer, P. F., and Buscher, R. Continuous venovenous haemodialysis (CVVHD) and continuous peritoneal dialysis (CPD) in the acute management of 21 children with inborn errors of metabolism. Nephrol.Dial Transplant 2010;25(4):1257-1265. View abstract.

Guan, Y., Zheng, X. M., Yang, Z. W., and Li, S. W. [Protective effects of L-carnitine upon testicular ischemia-reperfusion damage in rats]. Zhonghua Yi.Xue.Za Zhi. 7-14-2009;89(26):1858-1861. View abstract.

Karanth, J. and Jeevaratnam, K. Effect of dietary lipid, carnitine and exercise on lipid profile in rat blood, liver and muscle. Indian J Exp.Biol. 2009;47(9):748-753. View abstract.

Muniyappa, R. Oral carnitine therapy and insulin resistance. Hypertension 2010;55(2):e13. View abstract.

Calabrese, V., Cornelius, C., Mancuso, C., Lentile, R., Stella, A. M., and Butterfield, D. A. Redox homeostasis and cellular stress response in aging and neurodegeneration. Methods Mol.Biol. 2010;610:285-308. View abstract.

Pollard, L. M., Williams, N. R., Espinoza, L., Wood, T. C., Spector, E. B., Schroer, R. J., and Holden, K. R. Diagnosis, treatment, and long-term outcomes of late-onset (type III) multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. J Child Neurol. 2010;25(8):954-960. View abstract.

O'Brien, D., Chunduri, P., Iyer, A., and Brown, L. L-carnitine attenuates cardiac remodelling rather than vascular remodelling in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertensive rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2010;106(4):296-301. View abstract.

Ho, J. Y., Kraemer, W. J., Volek, J. S., Fragala, M. S., Thomas, G. A., Dunn-Lewis, C., Coday, M., Hakkinen, K., and Maresh, C. M. l-Carnitine l-tartrate supplementation favorably affects biochemical markers of recovery from physical exertion in middle-aged men and women. Metabolism 2010;59(8):1190-1199. View abstract.

Malaguarnera, M., Gargante, M. P., Russo, C., Antic, T., Vacante, M., Malaguarnera, M., Avitabile, T., Li, Volti G., and Galvano, F. L-carnitine supplementation to diet: a new tool in treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis--a randomized and controlled clinical trial. Am.J Gastroenterol. 2010;105(6):1338-1345. View abstract.

Lee, N. C., Tang, N. L., Chien, Y. H., Chen, C. A., Lin, S. J., Chiu, P. C., Huang, A. C., and Hwu, W. L. Diagnoses of newborns and mothers with carnitine uptake defects through newborn screening. Mol.Genet.Metab 2010;100(1):46-50. View abstract.

Sarafoglou, K., Tridgell, A. H., Bentler, K., Redlinger-Grosse, K., Berry, S. A., and Schimmenti, L. A. Cardiac conduction improvement in two heterozygotes for primary carnitine deficiency on L-carnitine supplementation. Clin Genet. 2010;78(2):191-194. View abstract.

Cuturic, M., Abramson, R. K., Moran, R. R., and Hardin, J. W. Clinical outcomes and low-dose levocarnitine supplementation in psychiatric inpatients with documented hypocarnitinemia: a retrospective chart review. J Psychiatr.Pract. 2010;16(1):5-14. View abstract.

Ribas, G. S., Manfredini, V., de Mari, J. F., Wayhs, C. Y., Vanzin, C. S., Biancini, G. B., Sitta, A., Deon, M., Wajner, M., and Vargas, C. R. Reduction of lipid and protein damage in patients with disorders of propionate metabolism under treatment: a possible protective role of L-carnitine supplementation. Int.J Dev.Neurosci. 2010;28(2):127-132. View abstract.

Mantovani, G., Maccio, A., Madeddu, C., Serpe, R., Massa, E., Dessi, M., Panzone, F., and Contu, P. Randomized phase III clinical trial of five different arms of treatment in 332 patients with cancer cachexia. Oncologist. 2010;15(2):200-211. View abstract.

Bohmer, T., Boen, A., and Hoymork, S. C. Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy, rapidly improved by i.v. carnitine and glucose/thiamine. Scand.J Gastroenterol. 2010;45(6):762-763. View abstract.

Tejani, A. M., Wasdell, M., Spiwak, R., Rowell, G., and Nathwani, S. Carnitine for fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2010;(2):CD007280. View abstract.

Siami, G., Clinton, M. E., Mrak, R., Griffis, J., and Stone, W. Evaluation of the effect of intravenous L-carnitine therapy on function, structure and fatty acid metabolism of skeletal muscle in patients receiving chronic hemodialysis. Nephron 1991;57(3):306-313. View abstract.

Dimitriadis, F., Tsambalas, S., Tsounapi, P., Kawamura, H., Vlachopoulou, E., Haliasos, N., Gratsias, S., Watanabe, T., Saito, M., Miyagawa, I., and Sofikitis, N. Effects of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors on Leydig cell secretory function in oligoasthenospermic infertile men: a randomized trial. BJU.Int. 2010;106(8):1181-1185. View abstract.

Chan, A., Remington, R., Kotyla, E., Lepore, A., Zemianek, J., and Shea, T. B. A vitamin/nutriceutical formulation improves memory and cognitive performance in community-dwelling adults without dementia. J.Nutr.Health Aging 2010;14(3):224-230. View abstract.

Porter, N. S., Jason, L. A., Boulton, A., Bothne, N., and Coleman, B. Alternative medical interventions used in the treatment and management of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia. J.Altern.Complement Med. 2010;16(3):235-249. View abstract.

Bavbek, N., Akay, H., Uz, B., Uz, E., Turgut, F., Kanbay, M., Senes, M., Akcay, A., and Duranay, M. The effects of L-carnitine therapy on respiratory function tests in chronic hemodialysis patients. Ren Fail. 2010;32(2):157-161. View abstract.

Bloomer, R. J., Tschume, L. C., and Smith, W. A. Glycine propionyl-L-carnitine modulates lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide in human subjects. Int.J Vitam.Nutr.Res. 2009;79(3):131-141. View abstract.

Baker, S. K. and Lipson, D. M. Vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy in a neonate with congenital acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Pediatr.Hematol.Oncol. 2010;32(3):e114-e117. View abstract.

Fatouros, I. G., Douroudos, I., Panagoutsos, S., Pasadakis, P., Nikolaidis, M. G., Chatzinikolaou, A., Sovatzidis, A., Michailidis, Y., Jamurtas, A. Z., Mandalidis, D., Taxildaris, K., and Vargemezis, V. Effects of L-carnitine on oxidative stress responses in patients with renal disease. Med.Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42(10):1809-1818. View abstract.

Crentsil, V. Mechanistic contribution of carnitine deficiency to geriatric frailty. Ageing Res.Rev. 2010;9(3):265-268. View abstract.

DiMauro, S. and Hirano, M. Mitochondrial DNA Deletion Syndromes. In: Pagon, R. A., Bird, T. D., Dolan, C. R., Stephens, K., and Adam, M. P. GeneReviews [Internet]. Seattle, WA: University of Washington, Seattle;1993. View abstract.

Abd-Allah, A. R., Helal, G. K., Al-Yahya, A. A., Aleisa, A. M., Al-Rejaie, S. S., and Al-Bakheet, S. A. Pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways which compromise sperm motility and survival may be altered by L-carnitine. Oxid.Med.Cell Longev. 2009;2(2):73-81. View abstract.

Pesce, V., Fracasso, F., Cassano, P., Lezza, A. M., Cantatore, P., and Gadaleta, M. N. Acetyl-L-carnitine supplementation to old rats partially reverts the age-related mitochondrial decay of soleus muscle by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis. Rejuvenation.Res. 2010;13(2-3):148-151. View abstract.

Ross, C., Morriss, A., Khairy, M., Khalaf, Y., Braude, P., Coomarasamy, A., and El-Toukhy, T. A systematic review of the effect of oral antioxidants on male infertility. Reprod.Biomed.Online. 2010;20(6):711-723. View abstract.

Xu XQ, Jing ZC, Jiang X, et al. [Clinical efficacy of intravenous L-carnitine in patients with right-sided heart failure induced by pulmonary arterial hypertension]. Zhonghua Xin.Xue.Guan.Bing.Za Zhi. 2010;38:152-5. View abstract.

Genazzani, A. D., Lanzoni, C., Ricchieri, F., Santagni, S., Rattighieri, E., Chierchia, E., Monteleone, P., and Jasonni, V. M. Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) administration positively affects reproductive axis in hypogonadotropic women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea. J Endocrinol.Invest 2011;34(4):287-291. View abstract.

Faria, C. C., Mota, J. F., Paula Ravagnani, F. C., and Burini, R. C. [The supplementation of L-carnitine does not promote alterations in the resting metabolic rate and in the use of energetic substrates in physically active individuals]. Arq Bras.Endocrinol.Metabol. 2010;54(1):37-44. View abstract.

Derosa, G., Maffioli, P., Salvadeo, S. A., Ferrari, I., Gravina, A., Mereu, R., D'Angelo, A., Palumbo, I., Randazzo, S., and Cicero, A. F. Effects of combination of sibutramine and L-carnitine compared with sibutramine monotherapy on inflammatory parameters in diabetic patients. Metabolism 2011;60(3):421-429. View abstract.

Sabry, A. A. The role of oral L-carnitine therapy in chronic hemodialysis patients. Saudi.J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2010;21(3):454-459. View abstract.

Soyucen, E., Demirci, E., and Aydin, A. Outpatient treatment of propionic acidemia-associated hyperammonemia with N-carbamoyl-L-glutamate in an infant. Clin Ther 2010;32(4):710-713. View abstract.

Bloomer, R. J., Farney, T. M., Trepanowski, J. F., McCarthy, C. G., Canale, R. E., and Schilling, B. K. Comparison of pre-workout nitric oxide stimulating dietary supplements on skeletal muscle oxygen saturation, blood nitrate/nitrite, lipid peroxidation, and upper body exercise performance in resistance trained men. J Int.Soc.Sports Nutr. 2010;7:16. View abstract.

Molfino, A., Cascino, A., Conte, C., Ramaccini, C., Rossi, Fanelli F., and Laviano, A. Caloric restriction and L-carnitine administration improves insulin sensitivity in patients with impaired glucose metabolism. JPEN J Parenter.Enteral Nutr. 2010;34(3):295-299. View abstract.

Mantovani, G. Randomised phase III clinical trial of 5 different arms of treatment on 332 patients with cancer cachexia. Eur.Rev.Med.Pharmacol Sci 2010;14(4):292-301. View abstract.

Mate, A., Miguel-Carrasco, J. L., Monserrat, M. T., and Vazquez, C. M. Systemic antioxidant properties of L-carnitine in two different models of arterial hypertension. J Physiol Biochem. 2010;66(2):127-136. View abstract.

Seong, S. H., Cho, S. C., Park, Y., and Cha, Y. S. L-carnitine-supplemented parenteral nutrition improves fat metabolism but fails to support compensatory growth in premature Korean infants. Nutr.Res. 2010;30(4):233-239. View abstract.

Footitt, E. J., Stafford, J., Dixon, M., Burch, M., Jakobs, C., Salomons, G. S., and Cleary, M. A. Use of a long-chain triglyceride-restricted/medium-chain triglyceride-supplemented diet in a case of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency with cardiomyopathy. J Inherit.Metab Dis 6-15-2010; View abstract.

Lim, C. Y., Jun, D. W., Jang, S. S., Cho, W. K., Chae, J. D., and Jun, J. H. Effects of carnitine on peripheral blood mitochondrial DNA copy number and liver function in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Korean J Gastroenterol. 2010;55(6):384-389. View abstract.

Musso, G., Gambino, R., Cassader, M., and Pagano, G. A meta-analysis of randomized trials for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 2010;52(1):79-104. View abstract.

Perrott, J., Murphy, N. G., and Zed, P. J. L-carnitine for acute valproic acid overdose: a systematic review of published cases. Ann.Pharmacother. 2010;44(7-8):1287-1293. View abstract.

Martinotti, G., Reina, D., Di, Nicola M., Andreoli, S., Tedeschi, D., Ortolani, I., Pozzi, G., Iannoni, E., D'Iddio, S., and Janiri, L. Acetyl-L-carnitine for alcohol craving and relapse prevention in anhedonic alcoholics: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial. Alcohol Alcohol 2010;45(5):449-455. View abstract.

Shi, J. Z., Zhang, S. S., Zhang, Z., Liang, Q., Shi, Y., Hua, J. L., and Sun, T. [Expressions of sperm-specific genes in carnitine-cultured testis sperm of obstructive azoospermia patients]. Zhonghua Nan.Ke.Xue. 2010;16(6):504-509. View abstract.

Serati AR, Motamedi MR, Emami S, et al. L-carnitine treatment in patients with mild diastolic heart failure is associated with improvement in diastolic function and symptoms. Cardiology 2010;116:178-82. View abstract.

Csiky, B., Nyul, Z., Toth, G., Wittmann, I., Melegh, B., Rauh, M., Rascher, W., and Sulyok, E. L-carnitine supplementation and adipokines in patients with end-stage renal disease on regular hemodialysis. Exp.Clin Endocrinol.Diabetes 2010;118(10):735-740. View abstract.

Derosa, G., Maffioli, P., Ferrari, I., D'Angelo, A., Fogari, E., Palumbo, I., Randazzo, S., and Cicero, A. F. Orlistat and L-carnitine compared to orlistat alone on insulin resistance in obese diabetic patients. Endocr.J 2010;57(9):777-786. View abstract.

Wang, Y. X., Yang, S. W., Qu, C. B., Huo, H. X., Li, W., Li, J. D., Chang, X. L., and Cai, G. Z. [L-carnitine: safe and effective for asthenozoospermia]. Zhonghua Nan.Ke.Xue. 2010;16(5):420-422. View abstract.

Laforet, P. and Vianey-Saban, C. Disorders of muscle lipid metabolism: diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Neuromuscul.Disord. 2010;20(11):693-700. View abstract.

Al-Sannaa, N. A. and Cheriyan, G. M. Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency. Clinical course of three Saudi children with a severe phenotype. Saudi.Med.J 2010;31(8):931-934. View abstract.

Derosa, G., Maffioli, P., Salvadeo, S. A., Ferrari, I., Gravina, A., Mereu, R., D'Angelo, A., Palumbo, I., Randazzo, S., and Cicero, A. F. Sibutramine and L-carnitine compared to sibutramine alone on insulin resistance in diabetic patients. Intern.Med 2010;49(16):1717-1725. View abstract.

Karanth, J. and Jeevaratnam, K. Effect of carnitine supplementation on mitochondrial enzymes in liver and skeletal muscle of rat after dietary lipid manipulation and physical activity. Indian J Exp.Biol. 2010;48(5):503-510. View abstract.

Swoboda, K. J., Scott, C. B., Crawford, T. O., Simard, L. R., Reyna, S. P., Krosschell, K. J., Acsadi, G., Elsheik, B., Schroth, M. K., D'Anjou, G., LaSalle, B., Prior, T. W., Sorenson, S. L., Maczulski, J. A., Bromberg, M. B., Chan, G. M., and Kissel, J. T. SMA CARNI-VAL trial part I: double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of L-carnitine and valproic acid in spinal muscular atrophy. PLoS.One. 2010;5(8):e12140. View abstract.

Shakeri, A., Tabibi, H., and Hedayati, M. Effects of L-carnitine supplement on serum inflammatory cytokines, C-reactive protein, lipoprotein (a), and oxidative stress in hemodialysis patients with Lp (a) hyperlipoproteinemia. Hemodial.Int. 2010;14(4):498-504. View abstract.

Bodea, F., Bocea, A., and Decea, N. [L-carnitine decreases oxidative stress induced by experimental hypobaric hypoxia]. Pediatr.Endocrinol.Diabetes Metab 2010;16(2):78-81. View abstract.

Vivekanandan, S. and Nayak, S. D. Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy enhanced by topiramate and phenobarbitone: a case report and an update. Ann.Indian Acad.Neurol. 2010;13(2):145-147. View abstract.

Brunel-Guitton, C., Costa, T., Mitchell, G. A., and Lambert, M. Treatment of cobalamin C (cblC) deficiency during pregnancy. J Inherit.Metab Dis 9-10-2010; View abstract.

Spiekerkoetter, U., Bastin, J., Gillingham, M., Morris, A., Wijburg, F., and Wilcken, B. Current issues regarding treatment of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation disorders. J Inherit.Metab Dis 2010;33(5):555-561. View abstract.

Moradi, M., Moradi, A., Alemi, M., Ahmadnia, H., Abdi, H., Ahmadi, A., and Bazargan-Hejazi, S. Safety and efficacy of clomiphene citrate and L-carnitine in idiopathic male infertility: a comparative study. Urol.J 2010;7(3):188-193. View abstract.

Hiatt, W. R., Creager, M. A., Amato, A., and Brass, E. P. Effect of propionyl-L-carnitine on a background of monitored exercise in patients with claudication secondary to peripheral artery disease. J Cardiopulm.Rehabil.Prev. 2011;31(2):125-132. View abstract.

Hakeshzadeh, F., Tabibi, H., Ahmadinejad, M., Malakoutian, T., and Hedayati, M. Effects of L-Carnitine supplement on plasma coagulation and anticoagulation factors in hemodialysis patients. Ren Fail. 2010;32(9):1109-1114. View abstract.

De Pasquale, B., Righetti, G., and Menotti, A. [L-carnitine for the treatment of acute myocardial infarct]. Cardiologia 1990;35(7):591-596. View abstract.

Riccioni, C., Sarcinella, R., Izzo, A., Palermo, G., Liguori, M., Caliumi, C., Carloni, E., Paolucci, A. M., D'andrea, P., and Pompili, S. Rehabilitative treatment in peripheral artery disease: protocol application and follow-up. Minerva Cardioangiol. 2010;58(5):551-565. View abstract.

Jacobs, P. L. and Goldstein, E. R. Long-term glycine propionyl-l-carnitine supplemention and paradoxical effects on repeated anaerobic sprint performance. J Int.Soc.Sports Nutr. 2010;7:35. View abstract.

Heringer, J., Boy, S. P., Ensenauer, R., Assmann, B., Zschocke, J., Harting, I., Lucke, T., Maier, E. M., Muhlhausen, C., Haege, G., Hoffmann, G. F., Burgard, P., and Kolker, S. Use of guidelines improves the neurological outcome in glutaric aciduria type I. Ann.Neurol. 2010;68(5):743-752. View abstract.

Desbree, A., Houdon, L., Touati, G., Djemili, S., Choker, G., and Flodrops, H. [EBV infection revealing a long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) deficiency in a 3-year-old boy]. Arch.Pediatr. 2011;18(1):18-22. View abstract.

del Olmo, J. A., Castillo, M., Rodrigo, J. M., Aparisi, L., Serra, M. A., Wassel, A., and Bixquert, M. Effect of L-carnitine upon ammonia tolerance test in cirrhotic patients. Adv Exp Med Biol 1990;272:197-208. View abstract.

Derosa, G., Maffioli, P., Ferrari, I., D'Angelo, A., Fogari, E., Palumbo, I., Randazzo, S., and Cicero, A. F. Comparison between orlistat plus l-carnitine and orlistat alone on inflammation parameters in obese diabetic patients. Fundam.Clin Pharmacol 2011;25(5):642-651. View abstract.

Calabrese, V., Cornelius, C., Stella, A. M., and Calabrese, E. J. Cellular stress responses, mitostress and carnitine insufficiencies as critical determinants in aging and neurodegenerative disorders: role of hormesis and vitagenes. Neurochem.Res. 2010;35(12):1880-1915. View abstract.

Wolfe, L. A., He, M., Vockley, J., Payne, N., Rhead, W., Hoppel, C., Spector, E., Gernert, K., and Gibson, K. M. Novel ETF dehydrogenase mutations in a patient with mild glutaric aciduria type II and complex II-III deficiency in liver and muscle. J Inherit.Metab Dis 11-19-2010; View abstract.

Hoffman, J. R., Ratamess, N. A., Gonzalez, A., Beller, N. A., Hoffman, M. W., Olson, M., Purpura, M., and Jager, R. The effects of acute and prolonged CRAM supplementation on reaction time and subjective measures of focus and alertness in healthy college students. J Int.Soc.Sports Nutr. 2010;7:39. View abstract.

Jing, L., Zhou, L. J., Li, W. M., Zhang, F. M., Yuan, L., Li, S., Song, J., and Sang, Y. Carnitine regulates myocardial metabolism by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) in alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Med.Sci Monit. 2011;17(1):BR1-BR9. View abstract.

Reuter, S. E. and Evans, A. M. Long-chain acylcarnitine deficiency in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Potential involvement of altered carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I activity. J Intern.Med. 2011;270(1):76-84. View abstract.

Helms, R. A., Mauer, E. C., Hay, W. W., Jr., Christensen, M. L., and Storm, M. C. Effect of intravenous L-carnitine on growth parameters and fat metabolism during parenteral nutrition in neonates. JPEN J Parenter.Enteral Nutr 1990;14(5):448-453. View abstract.

Larsson, L. E., Olegard, R., Ljung, B. M., Niklasson, A., Rubensson, A., and Cederblad, G. Parenteral nutrition in preterm neonates with and without carnitine supplementation. Acta Anaesthesiol.Scand. 1990;34(6):501-505. View abstract.

Sulkers, E. J., Lafeber, H. N., Degenhart, H. J., Przyrembel, H., Schlotzer, E., and Sauer, P. J. Effects of high carnitine supplementation on substrate utilization in low-birth-weight infants receiving total parenteral nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;52(5):889-894. View abstract.

Lu, S. M., Li, X., Zhang, H. B., Hu, J. M., Yan, J. H., Liu, J. L., and Chen, Z. J. [Use of L-carnitine before percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration-intracytoplasmic sperm injection for obstructive azoospermia]. Zhonghua Nan.Ke.Xue. 2010;16(10):919-921. View abstract.

Martinotti, G., Andreoli, S., Reina, D., Di, Nicola M., Ortolani, I., Tedeschi, D., Fanella, F., Pozzi, G., Iannoni, E., D'Iddio, S., and Prof, L. J. Acetyl-l-Carnitine in the treatment of anhedonia, melancholic and negative symptoms in alcohol dependent subjects. Prog.Neuropsychopharmacol.Biol.Psychiatry 6-1-2011;35(4):953-958. View abstract.

Rossignol, D. A. and Frye, R. E. Mitochondrial dysfunction in autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol.Psychiatry 2012;17(3):290-314. View abstract.

Malaguarnera, M., Vacante, M., Giordano, M., Pennisi, G., Bella, R., Rampello, L., Malaguarnera, M., Li, Volti G., and Galvano, F. Oral acetyl-L-carnitine therapy reduces fatigue in overt hepatic encephalopathy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Am.J Clin Nutr. 2011;93(4):799-808. View abstract.

Abbasi, S. H., Heidari, S., Mohammadi, M. R., Tabrizi, M., Ghaleiha, A., and Akhondzadeh, S. Acetyl-L-carnitine as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: a placebo-controlled trial. Child Psychiatry Hum.Dev. 2011;42(3):367-375. View abstract.

Gesuete, V., Ragni, L., and Picchio, F. M. [The "big heart" of carnitine]. G.Ital.Cardiol.(Rome) 2010;11(9):703-705. View abstract.

Calandrella, N., De, Seta C., Scarsella, G., and Risuleo, G. Carnitine reduces the lipoperoxidative damage of the membrane and apoptosis after induction of cell stress in experimental glaucoma. Cell Death.Dis 2010;1:e62. View abstract.

Cipolli, C. and Chiari, G. [Effects of L-acetylcarnitine on mental deterioration in the aged: initial results]. Clin Ter 3-31-1990;132(6 Suppl):479-510. View abstract.

Bellinghieri, G., Savica, V., Barbera, C. M., Ricciardi, B., Egitto, M., Torre, F., Valentini, G., D'Iddio, S., Bagiella, E., Mallamace, A., and . L-carnitine and platelet aggregation in uremic patients subjected to hemodialysis. Nephron 1990;55(1):28-32. View abstract.

Goetz, C. G., Tanner, C. M., Cohen, J. A., Thelen, J. A., Carroll, V. S., Klawans, H. L., and Fariello, R. G. L-acetyl-carnitine in Huntington's disease: double-blind placebo controlled crossover study of drug effects on movement disorder and dementia. Mov Disord. 1990;5(3):263-265. View abstract.

Tabibi, H., Hakeshzadeh, F., Hedayati, M., and Malakoutian, T. Effects of l-carnitine supplement on serum amyloid A and vascular inflammation markers in hemodialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial. J Ren Nutr. 2011;21(6):485-491. View abstract.

Malaguarnera, M., Bella, R., Vacante, M., Giordano, M., Malaguarnera, G., Gargante, M. P., Motta, M., Mistretta, A., Rampello, L., and Pennisi, G. Acetyl-L-carnitine reduces depression and improves quality of life in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Scand.J Gastroenterol. 2011;46(6):750-759. View abstract.

Silverio, R., Laviano, A., Rossi, Fanelli F., and Seelaender, M. L-Carnitine induces recovery of liver lipid metabolism in cancer cachexia. Amino.Acids 2012;42(5):1783-1792. View abstract.

Moustafa, A. M. and Boshra, V. The possible role of L-carnitine on the skeletal muscle of ovariectomized rats. J Mol.Histol. 2011;42(3):217-225. View abstract.

Liu, S., Wu, H. J., Zhang, Z. Q., Chen, Q., Liu, B., Wu, J. P., and Zhu, L. L-carnitine ameliorates cancer cachexia in mice by regulating the expression and activity of carnitine palmityl transferase. Cancer Biol.Ther 7-15-2011;12(2):125-130. View abstract.

La, Vignera S., Condorelli, R., Vicari, E., D'Agata, R., and Calogero, A. E. Endothelial antioxidant compound prolonged the endothelial antiapoptotic effects registered after tadalafil treatment in patients with arterial erectile dysfunction. J Androl 2012;33(2):170-175. View abstract.

Ma, Y. Y., Song, J. Q., Wu, T. F., Liu, Y. P., Xiao, J. X., Jiang, Y. W., and Yang, Y. L. [Leucodystrophy induced by late onset 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria]. Zhongguo Dang.Dai Er.Ke.Za Zhi. 2011;13(5):392-395. View abstract.

Amen, D. G., Wu, J. C., Taylor, D., and Willeumier, K. Reversing brain damage in former NFL players: implications for traumatic brain injury and substance abuse rehabilitation. J Psychoactive Drugs 2011;43(1):1-5. View abstract.

Annadurai, T., Vigneshwari, S., Thirukumaran, R., Thomas, P. A., and Geraldine, P. Acetyl-L-carnitine prevents carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress in various tissues of Wistar rats. J Physiol Biochem. 2011;67(4):519-530. View abstract.

Geier, D. A., Kern, J. K., Davis, G., King, P. G., Adams, J. B., Young, J. L., and Geier, M. R. A prospective double-blind, randomized clinical trial of levocarnitine to treat autism spectrum disorders. Med.Sci Monit. 2011;17(6):I15-I23. View abstract.

Yang, L., Yin, H., Yang, R., and Huang, X. Diagnosis, treatment and outcome of glutaric aciduria type I in Zhejiang Province, China. Med.Sci Monit. 2011;17(7):H55-H59. View abstract.

Kimmoun, A., Munagamage, G., Dessalles, N., Gerard, A., Feillet, F., and Levy, B. Unexpected awakening from comatose thyroid storm after a single intravenous injection of L-carnitine. Intensive Care Med. 2011;37(10):1716-1717. View abstract.

Pignatelli, P., Tellan, G., Marandola, M., Carnevale, R., Loffredo, L., Schillizzi, M., Proietti, M., Violi, F., Chirletti, P., and Delogu, G. Effect of L-carnitine on oxidative stress and platelet activation after major surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol.Scand. 2011;55(8):1022-1028. View abstract.

De Vecchi, A. F., Arduini, A., Di, Liberato L., and Bonomini, M. [L-carnitine in peritoneal dialysis]. G.Ital.Nefrol. 2011;28(4):393-400. View abstract.

Broad, E. M., Maughan, R. J., and Galloway S DR. Effects of exercise intensity and altered substrate availability on cardiovascular and metabolic responses to exercise after oral carnitine supplementation in athletes. Int.J Sport Nutr.Exerc.Metab 2011;21(5):385-397. View abstract.

Sarris, J., Kean, J., Schweitzer, I., and Lake, J. Complementary medicines (herbal and nutritional products) in the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): a systematic review of the evidence. Complement Ther Med 2011;19(4):216-227. View abstract.

Malaguarnera, M., Vacante, M., Motta, M., Giordano, M., Malaguarnera, G., Bella, R., Nunnari, G., Rampello, L., and Pennisi, G. Acetyl-L-carnitine improves cognitive functions in severe hepatic encephalopathy: a randomized and controlled clinical trial. Metab Brain Dis 2011;26(4):281-289. View abstract.

Malaguarnera, M., Vacante, M., Bertino, G., Neri, S., Malaguarnera, M., Gargante, M. P., Motta, M., Lupo, L., Chisari, G., Bruno, C. M., Pennisi, G., and Bella, R. The supplementation of acetyl-L-carnitine decreases fatigue and increases quality of life in patients with hepatitis C treated with pegylated interferon-alpha 2b plus ribavirin. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2011;31(9):653-659. View abstract.

Mikhailova, T. L., Sishkova, E., Poniewierka, E., Zhidkov, K. P., Bakulin, I. G., Kupcinskas, L., Lesniakowski, K., Grinevich, V. B., Malecka-Panas, E., Ardizzone, S., D'Arienzo, A., Valpiani, D., Koch, M., Denapiene, G., Vago, G., Fociani, P., Zerbi, P., Ceracchi, M., Camerini, R., and Gasbarrini, G. Randomised clinical trial: the efficacy and safety of propionyl-L-carnitine therapy in patients with ulcerative colitis receiving stable oral treatment. Aliment.Pharmacol Ther 2011;34(9):1088-1097. View abstract.

Cai, T., Wagenlehner, F. M., Mazzoli, S., Meacci, F., Mondaini, N., Nesi, G., Tiscione, D., Malossini, G., and Bartoletti, R. Semen quality in patients with Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection treated concurrently with prulifloxacin and a phytotherapeutic agent. J Androl 2012;33(4):615-623. View abstract.

Evangelista, M., Koverech, A., Messano, M., and Pescosolido, N. Comparison of three lubricant eye drop solutions in dry eye patients. Optom.Vis.Sci 2011;88(12):1439-1444. View abstract.

Herrmann, W. M., Dietrich, B., and Hiersemenzel, R. Pharmaco-electroencephalographic and clinical effects of the cholinergic substance--acetyl-L-carnitine--in patients with organic brain syndrome. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 1990;10(1-2):81-84. View abstract.

Suchitra, M. M., Ashalatha, V. L., Sailaja, E., Rao, A. M., Reddy, V. S., Bitla, A. R., Sivakumar, V., and Rao, P. V. The effect of L-carnitine supplementation on lipid parameters, inflammatory and nutritional markers in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Saudi.J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2011;22(6):1155-1159. View abstract.

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Feillet, F., Ogier, H., Cheillan, D., Aquaviva, C., Labarthe, F., Baruteau, J., Chabrol, B., de, Lonlay P., Valayanopoulos, V., Garnotel, R., Dobbelaere, D., Briand, G., Jeannesson, E., Vassault, A., and Vianey-Saban, C. [Medium-chain acyl-CoA-dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency: French consensus for neonatal screening, diagnosis, and management]. Arch.Pediatr 2012;19(2):184-193. View abstract.

Payne, C., Wiffen, P. J., and Martin, S. Interventions for fatigue and weight loss in adults with advanced progressive illness. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2012;1:CD008427. [RETRACTED]. View abstract.

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Nasser, M., Javaheri, H., Fedorowicz, Z., and Noorani, Z. Carnitine supplementation for inborn errors of metabolism. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2012;2:CD006659. View abstract.

Wu, Z. M., Lu, X., Wang, Y. W., Sun, J., Tao, J. W., Yin, F. H., and Cheng, H. J. [Short-term medication of L-carnitine before intracytoplasmic sperm injection for infertile men with oligoasthenozoospermia]. Zhonghua Nan.Ke.Xue 2012;18(3):253-256. View abstract.

Tejani, A. M., Wasdell, M., Spiwak, R., Rowell, G., and Nathwani, S. Carnitine for fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2012;5:CD007280. View abstract.

Goldenberg, N. A., Krantz, M. J., and Hiatt, W. R. L-Carnitine plus cilostazol versus cilostazol alone for the treatment of claudication in patients with peripheral artery disease: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Vasc.Med 2012;17(3):145-154. View abstract.

Golper, T. A., Wolfson, M., Ahmad, S., Hirschberg, R., Kurtin, P., Katz, L. A., Nicora, R., Ashbrook, D., and Kopple, J. D. Multicenter trial of L-carnitine in maintenance hemodialysis patients. I. Carnitine concentrations and lipid effects. Kidney Int 1990;38(5):904-911. View abstract.

Chen, X. F., Li, Z., Ping, P., Dai, J. C., Zhang, F. B., and Shang, X. J. [Efficacy of natural vitamin E on oligospermia and asthenospermia: a prospective multi-centered randomized controlled study of 106 cases]. Zhonghua Nan.Ke.Xue 2012;18(5):428-431. View abstract.

Hlais, S., Reslan, D. R., Sarieddine, H. K., Nasreddine, L., Taan, G., Azar, S., and Obeid, O. A. Effect of lysine, vitamin B(6), and carnitine supplementation on the lipid profile of male patients with hypertriglyceridemia: a 12-week, open-label, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Ther 2012;34(8):1674-1682. View abstract.

Kraft, M., Kraft, K., Gartner, S., Mayerle, J., Simon, P., Weber, E., Schutte, K., Stieler, J., Koula-Jenik, H., Holzhauer, P., Grober, U., Engel, G., Muller, C., Feng, Y. S., Aghdassi, A., Nitsche, C., Malfertheiner, P., Patrzyk, M., Kohlmann, T., and Lerch, M. M. L-Carnitine-supplementation in advanced pancreatic cancer (CARPAN)--a randomized multicentre trial. Nutr J 2012;11:52. View abstract.

Tarighat, Esfanjani A., Mahdavi, R., Ebrahimi, Mameghani M., Talebi, M., Nikniaz, Z., and Safaiyan, A. The effects of magnesium, L-carnitine, and concurrent magnesium-L-carnitine supplementation in migraine prophylaxis. Biol.Trace Elem.Res 2012;150(1-3):42-48. View abstract.

Mercadal, L., Coudert, M., Vassault, A., Pieroni, L., Debure, A., Ouziala, M., Depreneuf, H., Fumeron, C., Servais, A., Bassilios, N., Becart, J., Assogba, U., Allouache, M., Bouali, B., Luong, N., Dousseaux, M. P., Tezenas-du, Montcel S., and Deray, G. L-carnitine treatment in incident hemodialysis patients: the multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled CARNIDIAL trial. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012;7(11):1836-1842. View abstract.

De Marchi, S., Zecchetto, S., Rigoni, A., Prior, M., Fondrieschi, L., Scuro, A., Rulfo, F., and Arosio, E. Propionyl-L-carnitine improves endothelial function, microcirculation and pain management in critical limb ischemia. Cardiovasc.Drugs Ther 2012;26(5):401-408. View abstract.

Wyss, V., Ganzit, G. P., and Rienzi, A. Effects of L-carnitine administration on VO2max and the aerobic- anaerobic threshold in normoxia and acute hypoxia. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup.Physiol 1990;60(1):1-6. View abstract.

Warady, B. A., Borum, P., Stall, C., Millspaugh, J., Taggart, E., and Lum, G. Carnitine status of pediatric patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Am J Nephrol 1990;10(2):109-114. View abstract.

DiNicolantonio, J. J., Lavie, C. J., Fares, H., Menezes, A. R., and O'Keefe, J. H. L-carnitine in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2013;88(6):544-551. View abstract.

Arrigo, A., Casale, R., Buonocore, M., and Ciano, C. Effects of acetyl-L-carnitine on reaction times in patients with cerebrovascular insufficiency. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 1990;10(1-2):133-137. View abstract.

Pichard, C., Roulet, M., Schutz, Y., Rossle, C., Chiolero, R., Temler, E., Schindler, C., Zurlo, F., Furst, P., and Jequier, E. Clinical relevance of L-carnitine-supplemented total parenteral nutrition in postoperative trauma. Metabolic effects of continuous or acute carnitine administration with special reference to fat oxidation and nitrogen utilization. Am J Clin Nutr 1989;49(2):283-289. View abstract.

Rogerson, M. E., Rylance, P. B., Wilson, R., De Sousa, C., Lanigan, C., Rose, P. E., Howard, J., and Parsons, V. Carnitine and weakness in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial.Transplant. 1989;4(5):366-371. View abstract.

Dragan, I. G., Vasiliu, A., Georgescu, E., and Eremia, N. Studies concerning chronic and acute effects of L-carnitina in elite athletes. Physiologie. 1989;26(2):111-129. View abstract.

Digiesi, V., Palchetti, R., and Cantini, F. [The benefits of L-carnitine therapy in essential arterial hypertension with diabetes mellitus type II]. Minerva Med 1989;80(3):227-231. View abstract.

Rizzon, P., Biasco, G., Di Biase, M., Boscia, F., Rizzo, U., Minafra, F., Bortone, A., Siliprandi, N., Procopio, A., Bagiella, E., and . High doses of L-carnitine in acute myocardial infarction: metabolic and antiarrhythmic effects. Eur Heart J 1989;10(6):502-508. View abstract.

Gorostiaga, E. M., Maurer, C. A., and Eclache, J. P. Decrease in respiratory quotient during exercise following L-carnitine supplementation. Int J Sports Med 1989;10(3):169-174. View abstract.

Ricci, A., Caiati, C., Galantino, A., Scrutinio, D., Valentini, G., Chiddo, A., and Rizzon, P. [Acute effects of propionyl-L-carnitine on anomalies of parietal kinetics of the left ventricle induced by atrial pacing in patients with ischemic heart disease. A bidimensional echocardiographic study]. Cardiologia 1989;34(7):651-655. View abstract.

Brevetti, G., Attisano, T., Perna, S., Rossini, A., Policicchio, A., and Corsi, M. Effect of L-carnitine on the reactive hyperemia in patients affected by peripheral vascular disease: a double-blind, crossover study. Angiology 1989;40(10):857-862. View abstract.

Zilleruelo, G., Novak, M., Hsia, S. L., Goldberg, R., Abitbol, C., Monkus, E., and Strauss, J. Effect of dialysate composition on the lipid response to L-carnitine supplementation. Kidney Int Suppl 1989;27:S259-S263. View abstract.

Vacha, G. M., Giorcelli, G., D'Iddio, S., Valentini, G., Bagiella, E., Procopio, A., di Donato, S., Ashbrook, D., and Corsi, M. L-carnitine addition to dialysis fluid. A therapeutic alternative for hemodialysis patients. Nephron 1989;51(2):237-242. View abstract.

Genger, H., Enzelsberger, H., and Salzer, H. [Carnitine in therapy of placental insufficiency--initial experiences]. Z Geburtshilfe Perinatol. 1988;192(4):155-157. View abstract.

Helms, R. A., Whitington, P. F., Mauer, E. C., Catarau, E. M., Christensen, M. L., and Borum, P. R. Enhanced lipid utilization in infants receiving oral L-carnitine during long-term parenteral nutrition. J Pediatr 1986;109(6):984-988. View abstract.

Balogh, D., Hackl, J. M., Legenstein, E., and Musil, H. E. [Experiences with L-carnitine in the post-stress phase]. Infusionsther.Klin Ernahr. 1986;13(5):204-208. View abstract.

Heller, W., Musil, H. E., Gaebel, G., Hempel, V., Krug, W., and Kohn, H. J. [Effect of L-carnitine on post-stress metabolism in surgical patients]. Infusionsther.Klin.Ernahr. 1986;13(6):268-276. View abstract.

Yderstraede, K. B., Pedersen, F. B., Dragsholt, C., Trostmann, A., Laier, E., and Larsen, H. F. The effect of L-carnitine on lipid metabolism in patients on chronic haemodialysis. Nephrol.Dial.Transplant. 1987;1(4):238-241. View abstract.

Dragan, G. I., Vasiliu, A., Georgescu, E., and Dumas, I. Studies concerning chronic and acute effects of L-carnitine on some biological parameters in elite athletes. Physiologie. 1987;24(1):23-28. View abstract.

Dragan, A. M., Vasiliu, D., Eremia, N. M., and Georgescu, E. Studies concerning some acute biological changes after endovenous administration of 1 g l-carnitine, in elite athletes. Physiologie. 1987;24(4):231-234. View abstract.

Dal Negro, R., Turco, P., Pomari, C., and De Conti, F. Effects of L-carnitine on physical performance in chronic respiratory insufficiency. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 1988;26(5):269-272. View abstract.

Pichard, C., Roulet, M., Rossle, C., Chiolero, R., Schutz, Y., Temler, E., Boumghar, M., Schindler, C., Zurlo, F., Jequier, E., and . Effects of L-carnitine supplemented total parenteral nutrition on lipid and energy metabolism in postoperative stress. JPEN J Parenter.Enteral Nutr 1988;12(6):555-562. View abstract.

Rossle, C., Pichard, C., Roulet, M., Chiolero, R., Schutz, Y., Temler, E., Schindler, C., Zurlo, F., Jequier, E., and Furst, P. [Effect of L-carnitine supplemented total parenteral nutrition on postoperative lipid and nitrogen utilization]. Klin.Wochenschr 12-15-1988;66(24):1202-1211. View abstract.

Passeri, M., Iannuccelli, M., Ciotti, G., Bonati, P. A., Nolfe, G., and Cucinotta, D. Mental impairment in aging: selection of patients, methods of evaluation and therapeutic possibilities of acetyl-L-carnitine. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 1988;8(5):367-376. View abstract.

Harper, P., Elwin, C. E., and Cederblad, G. Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and oral bolus doses of L-carnitine in healthy subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1988;35(5):555-562. View abstract.

Thomsen, J. H., Shug, A. L., Yap, V. U., Patel, A. K., Karras, T. J., and DeFelice, S. L. Improved pacing tolerance of the ischemic human myocardium after administration of carnitine. Am J Cardiol. 1979;43(2):300-306. View abstract.

Greig, C., Finch, K. M., Jones, D. A., Cooper, M., Sargeant, A. J., and Forte, C. A. The effect of oral supplementation with L-carnitine on maximum and submaximum exercise capacity. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup.Physiol 1987;56(4):457-460. View abstract.

Gibault, J. P., Frey, A., Guiraud, M., Schirardin, H., Bouletreau, P., and Bach, A. C. Effects of L-carnitine infusion on intralipid clearance and utilization. Study carried out in septic patients of an intensive care unit. JPEN J Parenter.Enteral Nutr 1988;12(1):29-34. View abstract.

Melegh, B., Kerner, J., Sandor, A., Vinceller, M., and Kispal, G. Effects of oral L-carnitine supplementation in low-birth-weight premature infants maintained on human milk. Biol.Neonate 1987;51(4):185-193. View abstract.

Bonavita, E. Study of the efficacy and tolerability of L-acetylcarnitine therapy in the senile brain. Int J Clin Pharmacol.Ther Toxicol. 1986;24(9):511-516. View abstract.

Fagher, B., Cederblad, G., Eriksson, M., Monti, M., Moritz, U., Nilsson-Ehle, P., and Thysell, H. L-carnitine and haemodialysis: double blind study on muscle function and metabolism and peripheral nerve function. Scand.J Clin Lab Invest 1985;45(2):169-178. View abstract.

Nilsson-Ehle, P., Cederblad, G., Fagher, B., Monti, M., and Thysell, H. Plasma lipoproteins, liver function and glucose metabolism in haemodialysis patients: lack of effect of L-carnitine supplementation. Scand.J Clin Lab Invest 1985;45(2):179-184. View abstract.

Fagher, B., Cederblad, G., Monti, M., Olsson, L., Rasmussen, B., and Thysell, H. Carnitine and left ventricular function in haemodialysis patients. Scand.J Clin Lab Invest 1985;45(3):193-198. View abstract.

Yeh, Y. Y., Cooke, R. J., and Zee, P. Impairment of lipid emulsion metabolism associated with carnitine insufficiency in premature infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1985;4(5):795-798. View abstract.

Lacour, B., Di Giulio, S., Chanard, J., Ciancioni, C., Haguet, M., Lebkiri, B., Basile, C., Drueke, T., Assan, R., and Funck-Brentano, J. L. Carnitine improves lipid anomalies in haemodialysis patients. Lancet 10-11-1980;2(8198):763-764. View abstract.

Casciani, C. U., Caruso, U., Cravotto, E., Corsi, M., Pola, P., Savi, L., and Grilli, M. Effect of L-carnitine on lipid pattern in haemodialysis. Lancet 12-13-1980;2(8207):1309-1310. View abstract.

Suzuki, Y., Narita, M., and Yamazaki, N. Effects of L-carnitine on arrhythmias during hemodialysis. Jpn Heart J 1982;23(3):349-359. View abstract.

Carlsson, M., Forsberg, E., and Thorne, A. Observations during L-carnitine infusion in two long-term critically ill patients. Clin Physiol 1984;4(4):363-365. View abstract.

Weschler, A., Aviram, M., Levin, M., Better, O. S., and Brook, J. G. High dose of L-carnitine increases platelet aggregation and plasma triglyceride levels in uremic patients on hemodialysis. Nephron 1984;38(2):120-124. View abstract.

Kamikawa, T., Suzuki, Y., Kobayashi, A., Hayashi, H., Masumura, Y., Nishihara, K., Abe, M., and Yamazaki, N. Effects of L-carnitine on exercise tolerance in patients with stable angina pectoris. Jpn Heart J 1984;25(4):587-597. View abstract.

Curran, J. S., Williams, P. R., Kanarek, K. S., Novak, M., and Monkus, E. F. An evaluation of orally supplemented L-carnitine in premature infants receiving Intralipid 20%. Acta Chir Scand Suppl 1983;517:157-164. View abstract.

Pola, P., Tondi, P., Flore, R., Serricchio, M., Dal Lago, A., Amanti, C., Consorti, F., Benedetti, M., and Midiri, H. Effect of l-carnitine on lipid pattern in debilitated patients treated with Intralipid. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 1983;3(3):179-184. View abstract.

Bellinghieri, G., Savica, V., Mallamace, A., Di, Stefano C., Consolo, F., Spagnoli, L. G., Villaschi, S., Palmieri, G., Corsi, M., and Maccari, F. Correlation between increased serum and tissue L-carnitine levels and improved muscle symptoms in hemodialyzed patients. Am.J Clin Nutr. 1983;38(4):523-531. View abstract.

Biagini, A., Opie, L., Rovai, D., Mazzei, M. G., Carpeggiani, C., and Maseri, A. Intravenous dl-carnitine fails to increase the double-product during atrial pacing in patients with effort angina. A double-blind randomized study. G Ital Cardiol 1983;13(11):291-294. View abstract.

Fagher, B., Thysell, H., Nilsson-Ehle, P., Monti, M., Olsson, L., Eriksson, M., Lindstedt, S., and Lindholm, T. The effect of D,L-carnitine supplementation on muscle metabolism, neuropathy, cardiac and hepatic function in hemodialysis patients. A pilot study. Acta Med Scand 1982;212(3):115-120. View abstract.

Penn, D., Schmidt-Sommerfeld, E., and Wolf, H. Carnitine deficiency in premature infants receiving total parenteral nutrition. Early Hum.Dev. 1980;4(1):23-34. View abstract.

Penn, D., Schmidt-Sommerfeld, E., and Pascu, F. Decreased tissue carnitine concentrations in newborn infants receiving total parenteral nutrition. J Pediatr 1981;98(6):976-978. View abstract.

Sandor, A., Pecsuvac, K., Kerner, J., and Alkonyi, I. On carnitine content of the human breast milk. Pediatr.Res 1982;16(2):89-91. View abstract.

Casciani, C. U., Caruso, U., Cravotto, E., D'Iddio, S., Corsi, M., Pola, P., Savi, L., and Grilli, M. L-carnitine in haemodialysed patients. Changes in lipid pattern. Arzneimittelforschung 1982;32(3):293-297. View abstract.

Bertoli, M., Battistella, P. A., Vergani, L., Naso, A., Gasparotto, M. L., Romagnoli, G. F., and Angelini, C. Carnitine deficiency induced during hemodialysis and hyperlipidemia: effect of replacement therapy. Am J Clin Nutr 1981;34(8):1496-1500. View abstract.

Schiavoni, G., Lucente, M., Di Folca, A., Alessandri, N., Mongiardo, R., and Manzoli, U. [The anti-arrhythmic effect of L-carnitine in subjects with ischemic cardiopathy]. Clin Ter. 2-15-1981;96(3):263-270. View abstract.

Rossini, P. M., Marchionno, L., Gambi, D., Pirchio, M., Del Rosso, G., and Albertazzi, A. EMG changes in chronically dialyzed uraemic subjects undergoing d, 1- Carnitine treatment. Ital J Neurol Sci 1981;2(3):255-262. View abstract.

Guarnieri, G. F., Ranieri, F., Toigo, G., Vasile, A., Ciman, M., Rizzoli, V., Moracchiello, M., and Campanacci, L. Lipid-lowering effect of carnitine in chronically uremic patients treated with maintenance hemodialysis. Am J Clin Nutr 1980;33(7):1489-1492. View abstract.

Labonia, W. D. L-carnitine effects on anemia in hemodialyzed patients treated with erythropoietin. Am J Kidney Dis 1995;26(5):757-764. View abstract.

Corsi, C., Pollastri, M., Marrapodi, E., Leanza, D., Giordano, S., and D'Iddio, S. L-propionylcarnitine effect on postexercise and postischemic hyperemia in patients affected by peripheral vascular disease. Angiology 1995;46(8):705-713. View abstract.

Watanabe, S., Ajisaka, R., Masuoka, T., Yamanouchi, T., Saitou, T., Toyama, M., Takeyasu, N., Sakamoto, K., and Sugishita, Y. Effects of L- and DL-carnitine on patients with impaired exercise tolerance. Jpn Heart J 1995;36(3):319-331. View abstract.

Sahajwalla, C. G., Helton, E. D., Purich, E. D., Hoppel, C. L., and Cabana, B. E. Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of L-carnitine 330-mg tablet versus 1-g chewable tablet versus enteral solution in healthy adult male volunteers. J Pharm Sci 1995;84(5):627-633. View abstract.

Palazzuoli, V., Mondillo, S., Faglia, S., D'Aprile, N., Camporeale, A., and Gennari, C. [The evaluation of the antiarrhythmic activity of L-carnitine and propafenone in ischemic cardiopathy]. Clin Ter. 1993;142(2):155-159. View abstract.

Quatraro, A., Roca, P., Donzella, C., Acampora, R., Marfella, R., and Giugliano, D. Acetyl-L-carnitine for symptomatic diabetic neuropathy. Diabetologia 1995;38(1):123. View abstract.

Pietropaoli, P., Caporelli, S., De Pace, F., Donati, A., Adrario, E., Luzi, A., Munch, C., Giovannini, C., and Frezzotti, A. R. [Intraoperative lactic acidosis, can it be treated? Clinico- experimental, prospective, sequential study]. Minerva Anestesiol. 1994;60(12):707-713. View abstract.

Sabba, C., Berardi, E., Antonica, G., Ferraioli, G., Buonamico, P., Godi, L., Brevetti, G., and Albano, O. Comparison between the effect of L-propionylcarnitine, L- acetylcarnitine and nitroglycerin in chronic peripheral arterial disease: a haemodynamic double blind echo-Doppler study. Eur Heart J 1994;15(10):1348-1352. View abstract.

Brass, E. P., Hoppel, C. L., and Hiatt, W. R. Effect of intravenous L-carnitine on carnitine homeostasis and fuel metabolism during exercise in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1994;55(6):681-692. View abstract.

Trappe, S. W., Costill, D. L., Goodpaster, B., Vukovich, M. D., and Fink, W. J. The effects of L-carnitine supplementation on performance during interval swimming. Int J Sports Med 1994;15(4):181-185. View abstract.

Costa, M., Canale, D., Filicori, M., D'lddio, S., and Lenzi, A. L-carnitine in idiopathic asthenozoospermia: a multicenter study. Italian Study Group on Carnitine and Male Infertility. Andrologia 1994;26(3):155-159. View abstract.

Maebashi, M., Kawamura, N., Sato, M., Imamura, A., and Yoshinaga, K. Lipid-lowering effect of carnitine in patients with type-IV hyperlipoproteinaemia. Lancet 10-14-1978;2(8094):805-807. View abstract.

Decombaz, J., Deriaz, O., Acheson, K., Gmuender, B., and Jequier, E. Effect of L-carnitine on submaximal exercise metabolism after depletion of muscle glycogen. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1993;25(6):733-740. View abstract.

De Simone, C., Tzantzoglou, S., Famularo, G., Moretti, S., Paoletti, F., Vullo, V., and Delia, S. High dose L-carnitine improves immunologic and metabolic parameters in AIDS patients. Immunopharmacol.Immunotoxicol. 1993;15(1):1-12. View abstract.

Vitali, G., Parente, R., and Melotti, C. Carnitine supplementation in human idiopathic asthenospermia: clinical results. Drugs Exp Clin Res 1995;21(4):157-159. View abstract.

Brevetti, G., di Lisa, F., Perna, S., Menabo, R., Barbato, R., Martone, V. D., and Siliprandi, N. Carnitine-related alterations in patients with intermittent claudication: indication for a focused carnitine therapy. Circulation 5-1-1996;93(9):1685-1689. View abstract.

Plochl, E., Sperl, W., Wermuth, B., and Colombo, J. P. [Carnitine deficiency and carnitine therapy in a patient with Rett syndrome]. Klin Padiatr. 1996;208(3):129-134. View abstract.

Bazzato, G., Mezzina, C., Ciman, M., and Guarnieri, G. Myasthenia-like syndrome associated with carnitine in patients on long- term haemodialysis. Lancet 5-12-1979;1(8124):1041-1042. View abstract.

Mondillo, S., Faglia, S., D'Aprile, N., Mangiacotti, L., Campolo, M. A., Agricola, E., and Palazzuoli, V. [Therapy of arrhythmia induced by myocardial ischemia. Association of L- carnitine, propafenone and mexiletine]. Clin Ter. 1995;146(12):769-774. View abstract.

Feinfeld, D. A., Kurian, P., Cheng, J. T., Dilimetin, G., Arriola, M. R., Ward, L., Manis, T., and Carvounis, C. P. Effect of oral L-carnitine on serum myoglobin in hemodialysis patients. Ren Fail. 1996;18(1):91-96. View abstract.

Bolognesi, M., Amodio, P., Merkel, C., Godi, L., and Gatta, A. Effect of 8-day therapy with propionyl-L-carnitine on muscular and subcutaneous blood flow of the lower limbs in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Clin Physiol 1995;15(5):417-423. View abstract.

Giamberardino, M. A., Dragani, L., Valente, R., di Lisa, F., Saggini, R., and Vecchiet, L. Effects of prolonged L-carnitine administration on delayed muscle pain and CK release after eccentric effort. Int J Sports Med 1996;17(5):320-324. View abstract.

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Zhang X, Cui Y, Dong L, Sun M, Zhang Y. The efficacy of combined l-carnitine and l-acetyl carnitine in men with idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Andrologia. 2020;52(2):e13470. View abstract.

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Micic S, Lalic N, Djordjevic D, et al. Double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial on the effect of L-carnitine and L-acetylcarnitine on sperm parameters in men with idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia. Andrologia 2019;51(6):e13267. doi: 10.1111/and.13267. View abstract.

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Abbasnezhad A, Choghakhori R, Kashkooli S, Alipour M, Asbaghi O, Mohammadi R. Effect of L-carnitine on liver enzymes and biochemical factors in hepatic encephalopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019;34(12):2062-70. doi: 10.1111/jgh.14765. View abstract.

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Hiraoka A, Kiguchi D, Ninomiya T, et al. Can L-carnitine supplementation and exercise improve muscle complications in patients with liver cirrhosis who receive branched-chain amino acid supplementation? Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019;31(7):878-84. doi: 10.1097/MEG.0000000000001368. View abstract.

Haghighatdoost F, Jabbari M, Hariri M. The effect of L-carnitine on inflammatory mediators: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2019;75(8):1037-46. doi: 10.1007/s00228-019-02666-5.

Rolim LC, da Silva EM, Flumignan RL, Abreu MM, Dib SA. Acetyl-L-carnitine for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019 Jun 15;6:CD011265. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011265.pub2. View abstract.

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Abbasnezhad A, Hasanavand A, Falahi E, Kashkooli S, Asbaghi O, Choghakhori R. Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on lipid profiles of patients with liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2020;25(2):124-32. View abstract.

Yano J, Kaida Y, Maeda T, et al. L-carnitine supplementation vs cycle ergometer exercise for physical activity and muscle status in hemodialysis patients: a randomized clinical trial. Ther Apher Dial 2020. Online ahead of print. View abstract.

Abdollahi H, Abdolahi M, Sedighiyan M, Jafarieh A. The effect of L-carnitine on mortality rate in septic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized clinical trials. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020. Online ahead of print. View abstract.

Wang DD, Wang TY, Yang Y, He SM, Wang YM. The Effects of L-Carnitine, Acetyl-L-Carnitine, and Propionyl-L-Carnitine on Body Mass in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Front Nutr 2021;8:748075. View abstract.

Wei G, Zhou Z, Cui Y, et al. A Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of L-Carnitine/L-Acetyl-Carnitine or N-Acetyl-Cysteine in Men With Idiopathic Asthenozoospermia. Am J Mens Health 2021;15(2):15579883211011371. View abstract.

Szymanski M, Wandtke T, Wasilow K, Andryszczyk M, Janicki R, Domaracki P. Comparison of 3- and 6-Month Outcomes of Combined Oral L-Carnitine Fumarate and Acetyl-L-Carnitine Therapy, Included in an Antioxidant Formulation, in Patients with Idiopathic Infertility. Am J Mens Health 2021;15(5):15579883211036790. View abstract.

Asbaghi O, Kashkooli S, Amini MR, et al. The effects of L-carnitine supplementation on lipid concentrations inpatients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2020;12(4):246-255. View abstract.

Stefan M, Sharp M, Gheith R, et al. L-Carnitine Tartrate Supplementation for 5 Weeks Improves Exercise Recovery in Men and Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2021;13(10):3432. View abstract.

Hamedi-Kalajahi F, Zarezadeh M, Mojtahedi SY, Shabbidar S, Fahimi D, Imani H. Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on lipid profile and apolipoproteins in children on hemodialysis: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Pediatr Nephrol 2021;36(11):3741-3747. View abstract.

Hamedi-Kalajahi F, Imani H, Mojtahedi S, Shabbidar S. Effect of L-Carnitine Supplementation on Inflammatory Markers and Serum Glucose in Hemodialysis Children: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. J Ren Nutr 2021;S1051-2276(21)00091-1. View abstract.

Saneian H, Khalilian L, Heidari-Beni M, et al. Effect of l-carnitine supplementation on children and adolescents with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2021;34(7):897-904. View abstract.

Sangouni AA, Sasanfar B, Ghadiri-Anari A, Hosseinzadeh M. Effect of l-carnitine supplementation on liver fat content and cardiometabolic indices in overweight/obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021;46:54-59. View abstract.

Baghban F, Hosseinzadeh M, Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Dehghan A, Fallahzadeh H. The effect of L-Carnitine supplementation on clinical symptoms, C-reactive protein and malondialdehyde in obese women with knee osteoarthritis: a double blind randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021;22(1):195. View abstract.

Sangouni AA, Pakravanfar F, Ghadiri-Anari A, Nadjarzadeh A, Fallahzadeh H, Hosseinzadeh M. The effect of L-carnitine supplementation on insulin resistance, sex hormone-binding globulin and lipid profile in overweight/obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. Eur J Nutr 2022;61(3):1199-1207. View abstract.

Weng Y, Zhang S, Huang W, Xie X, Ma Z, Fan Q. Efficacy of L-Carnitine for Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Biomed Res Int 2021;2021:9491615. View abstract.

Zhu Y, Xue C, Ou J, Xie Z, Deng J. Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on renal anemia in patients on hemodialysis: a meta-analysis. Int Urol Nephrol 2021;53(10):2149-2158. View abstract.

Naito J, Ohashi H, Ohno M, et al. Long-Term Levocarnitine Ameliorates Left Ventricular Diastolic as Well as Systolic Dysfunction in Hemodialysis Patients - Multi-Center Study. Circ Rep 2019;1(11):508-516. View abstract.

Shingu Y, Katoh N, Ooka T, Katoh H, Wakasa S. L-Carnitine supplementation for the prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation in aortic valve surgery. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021;69(11):1460-1466. View abstract.

Sheida A, Davar R, Tabibnejad N, Eftekhar M. The effect of adding L-Carnitine to the GnRH-antagonist protocol on assisted reproductive technology outcome in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. Gynecol Endocrinol 2021;1-5. View abstract.

Kubota K, Uojima H, Shao X, et al. Additional L-carnitine Reduced the Risk of Hospitalization in Patients with Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy on Rifaximin. Dig Dis 2021. View abstract.

Yulug B, Altay O, Li X, et al. Combined metabolic activators improve cognitive functions in Alzheimer's disease patients: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase-II trial. Transl Neurodegener. 2023 Jan 26;12(1):4. View abstract.

Rossi GCM, Scudeller L, Bettio F, Milano G. A Pilot, Phase II, Observational, Case-Control, 1-Month Study on Asthenopia in Video Terminal Operators without Dry Eye: Contrast Sensitivity and Quality of Life before and after the Oral Consumption of a Fixed Combination of Zinc, L-Carnitine, Extract of Elderberry, Currant and Extract of Eleutherococcus. Nutrients. 2021 Dec 13;13(12):4449. View abstract.

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Li KP, Yang XS, Wu T. The Effect of Antioxidants on Sperm Quality Parameters and Pregnancy Rates for Idiopathic Male Infertility: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022 Feb 21;13:810242. View abstract.

Ohara M, Ogawa K, Suda G, et al. L-Carnitine suppresses loss of skeletal muscle mass in patients with liver cirrhosis. Hepatol Commun. 2018;2(8):906-918. View abstract.

Khaw SC, Wong ZZ, Anderson R, Martins da Silva S. l-carnitine and l-acetylcarnitine supplementation for idiopathic male infertility. Reprod Fertil 2020;1(1):67-81. View abstract.

Shi Q, Wang Y, Hao Q, et al. Pharmacotherapy for adults with overweight and obesity: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Lancet 2022;399(10321):259-269. View abstract.

March DS, Wilkinson TJ, Burnell T, et al. The effect of non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions on measures associated with sarcopenia in end-stage kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients 2022;14(9):1817. View abstract.

Guedes GV, Minicucci MF, Tanni SE. The supplementation of L-carnitine in septic shock patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2022;77:100124. View abstract.

Nguyen P, Chevillard L, Gouda AS, et al. L-carnitine does not improve valproic acid poisoning management: a cohort study with toxicokinetics and concentration/effect relationships. Ann Intensive Care 2022;12(1):7. View abstract.

Amini L, Yaghini O, Ghazavi M, Aslani N. L-carnitine versus propranolol for pediatric migraine prophylaxis. Iran J Child Neurol 2021;15(2):77-86. View abstract.

Oh H, Park CH, Jun DW. Impact of l-carnitine supplementation on liver enzyme normalization in patients with chronic liver disease: A meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Pers Med 2022;12(7):1053. View abstract.

Sangouni AA, Baghban F, Khosravi M, Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Dehghan A, Hosseinzadeh M. Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on lipid accumulation product and cardiovascular indices in women with overweight/obesity who have knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Rheumatol 2022;6(1):53. View abstract.

Mohd Shukri MF, Norhayati MN, Badrin S, Abdul Kadir A. Effects of L-carnitine supplementation for women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ 2022;10:e13992. View abstract.

Talebi SS, Ghasemi M, Etminani-Esfahani M, Mohammadi Y, Haddadi R. Effects of L-carnitine supplementation in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 disease: a pilot study. Pharmacol Rep 2022;74(6):1296-1305. View abstract.

Zamani M, Pahlavani N, Nikbaf-Shandiz M, et al. The effects of L-carnitine supplementation on glycemic markers in adults: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2023;9:1082097. View abstract.

Yoon EL, Ahn SB, Jun DW, et al. Effect of L-carnitine on quality of life in covert hepatic encephalopathy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Korean J Intern Med 2022;37(4):757-767. View abstract.

Zhou Y. Effects of high flux hemodialysis combined with L-carnitine on microinflammation and arteriovenous fistula in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2022;2022:6964127. View abstract.

Chewcharat A, Chewcharat P, Liu W, et al. The effect of levocarnitine supplementation on dialysis-related hypotension: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis. PLoS One 2022;17(7):e0271307. View abstract.

Johri AM, Hétu MF, Heyland DK, et al. Progression of atherosclerosis with carnitine supplementation: a randomized controlled trial in the metabolic syndrome. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022;19(1):26. View abstract.

Sawicka AK, Jaworska J, Brzeska B, et al. L-carnitine combined with leucine supplementation does not improve the effectiveness of progressive resistance training in healthy aged women. J Nutr Health Aging 2022;26(10):945-953. View abstract.

Nejati M, Abbasi S, Farsaei S, Shafiee F. L-carnitine supplementation ameliorates insulin resistance in critically ill acute stroke patients: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Res Pharm Sci 2021;17(1):66-77. View abstract.

Yahyapoor F, Keshani M, Sedaghat A, et al. The effects of adjunctive treatment with L-carnitine on monitoring laboratory variables in ICU patients: a double-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial. Trials 2023;24(1):3. View abstract.

Yahyapoor F, Sedaghat A, Feizi A, et al. The effects of l-Carnitine supplementation on inflammatory markers, clinical status, and 28 days mortality in critically ill patients: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022;49:61-67. View abstract.

Li Y, Xie Y, Qiu C, et al. Effects of L-carnitine supplementation on glucolipid metabolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Funct 2023;14(5):2502-2517. View abstract.

Shakibaei F, Jelvani D. Effect of adding l -carnitine to risperidone on behavioral, cognitive, social, and physical symptoms in children and adolescents with autism: A randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial. Clin Neuropharmacol 2023;46(2):55-59. View abstract.

Zafar MI, Mills KE, Baird CD, Jiang H, Li H. Effectiveness of nutritional therapies in male factor infertility treatment: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Drugs 2023. View abstract.

Barbonetti A, Tienforti D, Castellini C, et al. Effect of antioxidants on semen parameters in men with oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia: a network meta-analysis. Andrology 2023. View abstract.

Moustafa I, Connolly C, Anis M, Mustafa H, Oosthuizen F, Viljoen M. A prospective study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vitamin E and levocarnitine prophylaxis against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in adult breast cancer patients. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2023. View abstract.

Sobh ZK, Abd-Elhameed A. The therapeutic benefit of antioxidants on the outcome of acute aluminum phosphide poisoning: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023;12(3):345-354. View abstract.

Zakharova N, Luo C, Aringazina R, Samusenkov V. The efficacy of L-carnitine in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and concomitant obesity. Lipids Health Dis 2023;22(1):101. View abstract.

Olek RA, Samborowska E, Wisniewski P, Wojtkiewicz P, Wochna K, Zielinski J. Effect of a 3-month L-carnitine supplementation and resistance training program on circulating markers and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023;20(1):32. View abstract.

Musazadeh V, Alinejad H, Esfahani NK, et al. The effect of L-carnitine supplementation on lipid profile in adults: an umbrella meta-analysis on interventional meta-analyses. Front Nutr 2023;10:1214734. View abstract.

Noormohammadi Z, Arghavani H, Javanbakht M, Daneshpazhooh M, Jalili M. l-carnitine downregulate the muscle wasting effect of glucocorticoids in pemphigus patient: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Physiol Rep 2023;11(8):e15657. View abstract.

Badaro R, Barbosa JDV, de Araujo Neto CA, et al. A randomized clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of L-carnitine L-tartrate to modulate the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Front Nutr 2023;10:1134162. View abstract.

Rastgoo S, Fateh ST, Nikbaf-Shandiz M, et al. The effects of L-carnitine supplementation on inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers in adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Inflammopharmacology 2023. View abstract.

Nasiri M, Parmoon Z, Farahmand Y, et al. l-carnitine adjunct to risperidone for treatment of autism spectrum disorder-associated behaviors: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2023. View abstract.