References
Tyrosine
918
Meyer JS, Welch KM, Deshmukh VD, et al. Neurotransmitter precursor amino acids in the treatment of multi-infarct dementia and Alzheimer's disease. J Amer Geriat Soc 1977;25:289-98. View abstract.
1143
Lieberman HR, Corkin S, Spring BJ. The effects of dietary neurotransmitter precursors on human behavior. Am J Clin Nutr 1985;42:366-70. View abstract.
2719
DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, et al; eds. Pharmacotherapy: A pathophysiologic approach. 4th ed. Stamford, CT: Appleton & Lange, 1999.
4912
Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
6155
Traikovich SS. Use of topical ascorbic acid and its effects on photodamaged skin topography. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999;125:1091-8. View abstract.
7208
Gelenberg AJ, Wojcik JD, Falk WE, et al. Tyrosine for depression: a double-blind trial. J Affect Disord 1990;19:125-32. View abstract.
7209
Eisenberg J, Asnis GM, van Praag HM, Vela RM. Effect of tyrosine on attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. J Clin Psychiatr 1988;49:193-5. View abstract.
7210
Reimherr FW, Wender PH, Wood DR, Ward M. An open trial of L-tyrosine in the treatment of attention deficit disorder, residual type. Am J Psychiatr 1987;144:1071-3. View abstract.
7211
Wood DR, Reimherr FW, Wender PH. Amino acid precursors for the treatment of attention deficit disorder, residual type. Psychopharmacol Bull 1985;21:146-9.
7212
van Spronsen FJ, van Rijn M, Bekhof J. Phenylketonuria: tyrosine supplementation in phenylalanine-restricted diets. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;73:153-7. View abstract.
7213
Poustie VJ, Rutherford P. Tyrosine supplementation for phenylketonuria. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;2:CD001507. View abstract.
7214
Roberts SA, Thorpe JM, Ball RO, Pencharz PB. Tyrosine requirement of healthy men receiving a fixed phenylalanine intake determined by using indicator amino acid oxidation. Am J Clin Nutr 2001 Feb;73:276-82. View abstract.
7215
Neri DF, Wiegmann D, Stanny RR, et al. The effects of tyrosine on cognitive performance during extended wakefulness. Aviat Space Environ Med 1995;66:313-9. View abstract.
7217
Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. The Role of Protein and Amino Acids in Sustaining and Enhancing Performance. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1999. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/books/0309063469/html/.
7232
NIH Consensus Statement. Phenylketonuria: Screening and Management. October 16-18, 2000. Pediatrics 2001;108:972-82. View abstract.
81468
Deijen, J. B., Wientjes, C. J., Vullinghs, H. F., Cloin, P. A., and Langefeld, J. J. Tyrosine improves cognitive performance and reduces blood pressure in cadets after one week of a combat training course. Brain Res Bull 1-15-1999;48(2):203-209. View abstract.
81469
Thomas, J. R., Lockwood, P. A., Singh, A., and Deuster, P. A. Tyrosine improves working memory in a multitasking environment. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1999;64(3):495-500. View abstract.
81470
Meyers, S. Use of neurotransmitter precursors for treatment of depression. Altern Med Rev 2000;5(1):64-71. View abstract.
81471
Chinevere, T. D., Sawyer, R. D., Creer, A. R., Conlee, R. K., and Parcell, A. C. Effects of L-tyrosine and carbohydrate ingestion on endurance exercise performance. J Appl.Physiol 2002;93(5):1590-1597. View abstract.
81472
Magill, R. A., Waters, W. F., Bray, G. A., Volaufova, J., Smith, S. R., Lieberman, H. R., McNevin, N., and Ryan, D. H. Effects of tyrosine, phentermine, caffeine D-amphetamine, and placebo on cognitive and motor performance deficits during sleep deprivation. Nutr.Neurosci. 2003;6(4):237-246. View abstract.
81474
Sutton, E. E., Coill, M. R., and Deuster, P. A. Ingestion of tyrosine: effects on endurance, muscle strength, and anaerobic performance. Int.J.Sport Nutr.Exerc.Metab 2005;15(2):173-185. View abstract.
81475
Belza, A., Frandsen, E., and Kondrup, J. Body fat loss achieved by stimulation of thermogenesis by a combination of bioactive food ingredients: a placebo-controlled, double-blind 8-week intervention in obese subjects. Int.J.Obes.(Lond) 2007;31(1):121-130. View abstract.
81476
O'Brien, C., Mahoney, C., Tharion, W. J., Sils, I. V., and Castellani, J. W. Dietary tyrosine benefits cognitive and psychomotor performance during body cooling. Physiol Behav. 2-28-2007;90(2-3):301-307. View abstract.
81477
Mahoney, C. R., Castellani, J., Kramer, F. M., Young, A., and Lieberman, H. R. Tyrosine supplementation mitigates working memory decrements during cold exposure. Physiol Behav. 11-23-2007;92(4):575-582. View abstract.
81478
Ryan, M. M., Sy, C., Rudge, S., Ellaway, C., Ketteridge, D., Roddick, L. G., Iannaccone, S. T., Kornberg, A. J., and North, K. N. Dietary L-tyrosine supplementation in nemaline myopathy. J.Child Neurol. 2008;23(6):609-613. View abstract.
81479
Palinkas, L. A., Reedy, K. R., Smith, M., Anghel, M., Steel, G. D., Reeves, D., Shurtleff, D., Case, H. S., Van, Do N., and Reed, H. L. Psychoneuroendocrine effects of combined thyroxine and triiodothyronine versus tyrosine during prolonged Antarctic residence. Int.J.Circumpolar.Health 2007;66(5):401-417. View abstract.
81480
Chadwick, M. J., Gregory, D. L., and Wendling, G. A double-blind amino acids, L-tryptophan and L-tyrosine, and placebo study with cocaine-dependent subjects in an inpatient chemical dependency treatment center. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 1990;16(3-4):275-286. View abstract.
81481
Lemoine, P., Robelin, N., Sebert, P., and Mouret, J. [L-tyrosine: a long term treatment of Parkinson's disease]. C.R.Acad Sci III 1989;309(2):43-47. View abstract.
81482
Elwes, R. D., Crewes, H., Chesterman, L. P., Summers, B., Jenner, P., Binnie, C. D., and Parkes, J. D. Treatment of narcolepsy with L-tyrosine: double-blind placebo- controlled trial. Lancet 11-4-1989;2(8671):1067-1069. View abstract.
81483
Furst, P. Amino acid metabolism in uremia. J.Am.Coll.Nutr. 1989;8(4):310-323. View abstract.
81484
Banderet, L. E. and Lieberman, H. R. Treatment with tyrosine, a neurotransmitter precursor, reduces environmental stress in humans. Brain Res Bull 1989;22(4):759-762. View abstract.
81485
Lou, H. Large doses of tryptophan and tyrosine as potential therapeutic alternative to dietary phenylalanine restriction in phenylketonuria. Lancet 7-20-1985;2(8447):150-151. View abstract.
81486
Mouret, J., Lemoine, P., Sanchez, P., Robelin, N., Taillard, J., and Canini, F. Treatment of narcolepsy with L-tyrosine. Lancet 12-24-1988;2(8626-8627):1458-1459. View abstract.
81487
Sole, M. J., Benedict, C. R., Myers, M. G., Leenen, F. H., and Anderson, G. H. Chronic dietary tyrosine supplements do not affect mild essential hypertension. Hypertension 1985;7(4):593-596. View abstract.
81488
Reinstein, D. K., Lehnert, H., and Wurtman, R. J. Dietary tyrosine suppresses the rise in plasma corticosterone following acute stress in rats. Life Sci. 12-9-1985;37(23):2157-2163. View abstract.
81490
Goldberg, I. K. L-tyrosine in depression. Lancet 8-16-1980;2(8190):364. View abstract.
81491
Growdon, J. H., Melamed, E., Logue, M., Hefti, F., and Wurtman, R. J. Effects of oral L-tyrosine administration on CSF tyrosine and homovanillic acid levels in patients with Parkinson's disease. Life Sci. 3-8-1982;30(10):827-832. View abstract.
81492
Alvestrand, A., Furst, P., and Bergstrom, J. Intracellular amino acids in uremia. Kidney Int.Suppl 1983;16:S9-16. View abstract.
81494
Alvestrand, A., Ahlberg, M., Furst, P., and Bergstrom, J. Clinical results of long-term treatment with a low protein diet and a new amino acid preparation in patients with chronic uremia. Clin.Nephrol. 1983;19(2):67-73. View abstract.
81495
Rasmussen, D. D., Ishizuka, B., Quigley, M. E., and Yen, S. S. Effects of tyrosine and tryptophan ingestion on plasma catecholamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid concentrations. J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab 1983;57(4):760-763. View abstract.
81496
Batshaw, M. L., Valle, D., and Bessman, S. P. Unsuccessful treatment of phenylketonuria with tyrosine. J.Pediatr. 1981;99(1):159-160. View abstract.
81497
Gelenberg, A. J., Wojcik, J. D., Growdon, J. H., Sved, A. F., and Wurtman, R. J. Tyrosine for the treatment of depression. Am J Psychiatry 1980;137(5):622-623. View abstract.
81498
Dollins, A. B., Krock, L. P., Storm, W. F., Wurtman, R. J., and Lieberman, H. R. L-tyrosine ameliorates some effects of lower body negative pressure stress. Physiol Behav. 1995;57(2):223-230. View abstract.
81499
Shurtleff, D., Thomas, J. R., Schrot, J., Kowalski, K., and Harford, R. Tyrosine reverses a cold-induced working memory deficit in humans. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1994;47(4):935-941. View abstract.
81501
Deijen, J. B. and Orlebeke, J. F. Effect of tyrosine on cognitive function and blood pressure under stress. Brain Res Bull 1994;33(3):319-323. View abstract.
81502
van Spronsen, F. J., van Dijk, T., Smit, G. P., van Rijn, M., Reijngoud, D. J., Berger, R., and Heymans, H. S. Large daily fluctuations in plasma tyrosine in treated patients with phenylketonuria. Am J Clin Nutr 1996;64(6):916-921. View abstract.
81503
Smith, M. L., Hanley, W. B., Clarke, J. T., Klim, P., Schoonheyt, W., Austin, V., and Lehotay, D. C. Randomised controlled trial of tyrosine supplementation on neuropsychological performance in phenylketonuria. Arch Dis Child 1998;78(2):116-121. View abstract.
81504
Struder, H. K., Hollmann, W., Platen, P., Donike, M., Gotzmann, A., and Weber, K. Influence of paroxetine, branched-chain amino acids and tyrosine on neuroendocrine system responses and fatigue in humans. Horm Metab Res 1998;30(4):188-194. View abstract.
81505
Mouret, J., Lemoine, P., Sanchez, P., Robelin, N., and Canini, F. \ET/ Treatment of narcolepsy with L-tyrosine. Lancet (England) 1988;2:1458-1459.
81523
Alonso, Raf. Elevation of urinary catecholamines and their metabolites following tyrosine administration in humans. Biological Psychiatry 1982;17(7):781-790.
81552
Blum K. A commentary on neurotransmitter restoration as a common mode of treatment for alcohol, cocaine and opiate abuse. Integr Psychiatr 1986;6:199-204.
81553
Ma, Yong, Ha, Zhende, Zhang, Xizhou, Wang, Wei, Cui, Jianhua, Zhang, Fang, and Zhu, Yongan. Effect of tyrosine and acetazolamide on the brain-body functions of healthy young men living in high altitudes. Chinese Mental Health Journal 2002;16(7):465-467.
81554
Deutsch, Stephen I., Rosse, Richard B., Schwartz, Barbara L., and Banay-Schwartz, Miriam. L-tyrosine pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia: Preliminary data. Clinical Neuropharmacology 1994;17(1):53-62.
81555
Tyrrell HA and Maher TJ. Tyrosine: Food supplement or therapeutic agent? Journal of Nutritional Medicine 1998;8(4):349-359.
88178
Chen D, Liu Y, He W, Wang H, Wang Z. Neurotransmitter-precursor-supplement intervention for detoxified heroin addicts. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci 2012;32(3):422-7.
91465
Bjork JM, Grant SJ, Chen G, Hommer DW. Dietary tyrosine/phenylalanine depletion effects on behavioral and brain signatures of human motivational processing. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2014;39(3):595-604. View abstract.
91466
Colzato LS, Jongkees BJ, Sellaro R, van den Wildenberg WP, Hommel B. Eating to stop: tyrosine supplementation enhances inhibitory control but not response execution. Neuropsychologia. 2014;62:398-402. View abstract.
91467
Dowlati Y, Ravindran AV, Maheux M, Steiner M, Stewart DE, Meyer JH. No effect of oral tyrosine on total tyrosine levels in breast milk: implications for dietary supplementation in early postpartum. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2014;17(6):541-8. View abstract.
91468
Steenbergen L, Sellaro R, Hommel B, Colzato LS. Tyrosine promotes cognitive flexibility: evidence from proactive vs. reactive control during task switching performance. Neuropsychologia. 2015;69:50-5. View abstract.
91470
Tumilty L, Davison G, Beckmann M, Thatcher R. Failure of oral tyrosine supplementation to improve exercise performance in the heat. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014;46(7):1417-25. View abstract.
91471
Webster D, Wildgoose J. Tyrosine supplementation for phenylketonuria. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 5;(6):CD001507. View abstract.
95108
Singh RH, Rohr F, Frazier D, et al. Recommendations for the nutrition management of phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency. Genet Med. 2014;16(2):121-31. View abstract.
98221
van de Rest O, Bloemendaal M, de Heus R, Aarts E. Dose-dependent effects of oral tyrosine administration on plasma tyrosine levels and cognition in aging. Nutrients 2017;9(12). pii: E1279. View abstract.
101082
Stock AK, Colzato L, Beste C. On the effects of tyrosine supplementation on interference control in a randomized, double-blind placebo-control trial. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2018;28(8):933-944. View abstract.
104402
Soranzo A, Aquili L. Fear expression is suppressed by tyrosine administration. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):16073. View abstract.
104403
Tumilty L, Gregory N, Beckmann M, Thatcher R. No influence of low-, medium-, or high-dose tyrosine on exercise in a warm environment. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2020;52(6):1404-1413. View abstract.
111248
Mathar D, Erfanian Abdoust M, Marrenbach T, Tuzsus D, Peters J. The catecholamine precursor Tyrosine reduces autonomic arousal and decreases decision thresholds in reinforcement learning and temporal discounting. PLoS Comput Biol 2022;18(12):e1010785. View abstract.
111249
Umeda K, Shindo D, Somekawa S, et al. Effects of Five Amino Acids (Serine, Alanine, Glutamate, Aspartate, and Tyrosine) on Mental Health in Healthy Office Workers: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Exploratory Trial. Nutrients 2022;14(11):2357. View abstract.
111250
Kruszewski M, Merchelski M, Kruszewski A,Tabecki R, Aksenov MO, and Pagowski L. Effects of Multi-Ingredient Pre-Workout Supplement and Caffeine on Bench Press Performance: A Single-Blind Cross-Over Study. Nutrients 2022;14(9):1750.