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Manna SK, Mukhopadhyay A, Van NT, Aggarwal BB. Silymarin suppresses TNF-induced activation of NF-kappa B, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and apoptosis. J Immunol 1999;163:6800-9. View abstract.

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Sridar C, Goosen TC, Kent UM, et al. Silybin inactivates cytochromes P450 3A4 and 2C9 and inhibits major hepatic glucuronosyltransferases. Drug Metab Dispos 2004;32:587-94. View abstract.

van Erp NP, Baker SD, Zhao M, et al. Effect of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) on the pharmacokinetics of irinotecan. Clin Cancer Res 2005;11:7800-6. View abstract.

Budzinski JW, Trudeau VL, Drouin CE, et al. Modulation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in Caco-2 cell monolayers by selected commercial-source milk thistle and goldenseal products. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2007;85:966-78. View abstract.

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Gurley, B. J., Barone, G. W., Williams, D. K., Carrier, J., Breen, P., Yates, C. R., Song, P. F., Hubbard, M. A., Tong, Y., and Cheboyina, S. Effect of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) and black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) supplementation on digoxin pharmacokinetics in humans. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006;34(1):69-74. View abstract.

Hasani-Ranjbar, S., Nayebi, N., Moradi, L., Mehri, A., Larijani, B., and Abdollahi, M. The efficacy and safety of herbal medicines used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia; a systematic review. Curr.Pharm.Des 2010;16(26):2935-2947. View abstract.

Suksomboon N, Poolsup N, Boonkaew S, Suthisisang CC. Meta-analysis of the effect of herbal supplement on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. J Ethnopharmacol 2011;137(3):1328-1333. View abstract.

Hasani-Ranjbar, S., Larijani, B., and Abdollahi, M. A systematic review of the potential herbal sources of future drugs effective in oxidant-related diseases. Inflamm.Allergy Drug Targets. 2009;8(1):2-10. View abstract.

Schroder, F. H., Roobol, M. J., Boeve, E. R., de Mutsert, R., Zuijdgeest-van Leeuwen, S. D., Kersten, I., Wildhagen, M. F., and van Helvoort, A. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study in men with prostate cancer and rising PSA: effectiveness of a dietary supplement. Eur Urol 2005;48(6):922-930. View abstract.

Allain, H., Schuck, S., Lebreton, S., Strenge-Hesse, A., Braun, W., Gandon, J. M., and Brissot, P. Aminotransferase levels and silymarin in de novo tacrine-treated patients with Alzheimer's disease. Dement.Geriatr.Cogn Disord. 1999;10(3):181-185. View abstract.

Reutter, F. W. and Haase, W. [Clinical experience with silymarin in the treatment of chronic liver disease(author's transl)]. Schweiz Rundsch.Med Prax. 9-9-1975;64(36):1145-1151. View abstract.

Angulo, P., Patel, T., Jorgensen, R. A., Therneau, T. M., and Lindor, K. D. Silymarin in the treatment of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis with a suboptimal response to ursodeoxycholic acid. Hepatology 2000;32(5):897-900. View abstract.

Bhatia, N. and Agarwal, R. Detrimental effect of cancer preventive phytochemicals silymarin, genistein and epigallocatechin 3-gallate on epigenetic events in human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells. Prostate 2-1-2001;46(2):98-107. View abstract.

Zou, C. G., Agar, N. S., and Jones, G. L. Oxidative insult to human red blood cells induced by free radical initiator AAPH and its inhibition by a commercial antioxidant mixture. Life Sci 5-25-2001;69(1):75-86. View abstract.

Batakov, E. A. [Effect of Silybum marianum oil and legalon on lipid peroxidation and liver antioxidant systems in rats intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride]. Eksp.Klin Farmakol. 2001;64(4):53-55. View abstract.

Lucena, M. I., Andrade, R. J., de la Cruz, J. P., Rodriguez-Mendizabal, M., Blanco, E., and Sanchez, de la Cuesta. Effects of silymarin MZ-80 on oxidative stress in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled clinical study. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2002;40(1):2-8. View abstract.

Kittur, S., Wilasrusmee, S., Pedersen, W. A., Mattson, M. P., Straube-West, K., Wilasrusmee, C., Lubelt, B., and Kittur, D. S. Neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) on neurons in culture. J Mol.Neurosci. 2002;18(3):265-269. View abstract.

Bean, P. The use of alternative medicine in the treatment of hepatitis C. Am.Clin.Lab 2002;21(4):19-21. View abstract.

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Weyhenmeyer, R., Mascher, H., and Birkmayer, J. Study on dose-linearity of the pharmacokinetics of silibinin diastereomers using a new stereospecific assay. Int.J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1992;30(4):134-138. View abstract.

Carini, R., Comoglio, A., Albano, E., and Poli, G. Lipid peroxidation and irreversible damage in the rat hepatocyte model. Protection by the silybin-phospholipid complex IdB 1016. Biochem Pharmacol 5-28-1992;43(10):2111-2115. View abstract.

Hussain, S. A. Silymarin as an adjunct to glibenclamide therapy improves long-term and postprandial glycemic control and body mass index in type 2 diabetes. J.Med.Food 2007;10(3):543-547. View abstract.

Rambaldi, A., Jacobs, B. P., and Gluud, C. Milk thistle for alcoholic and/or hepatitis B or C virus liver diseases. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev 2007;(4):CD003620. View abstract.

Detaille, D., Sanchez, C., Sanz, N., Lopez-Novoa, J. M., Leverve, X., and El Mir, M. Y. Interrelation between the inhibition of glycolytic flux by silibinin and the lowering of mitochondrial ROS production in perifused rat hepatocytes. Life Sci 5-23-2008;82(21-22):1070-1076. View abstract.

Wallace, S., Vaughn, K., Stewart, B. W., Viswanathan, T., Clausen, E., Nagarajan, S., and Carrier, D. J. Milk thistle extracts inhibit the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and subsequent scavenger receptor-dependent monocyte adhesion. J Agric Food Chem 6-11-2008;56(11):3966-3972. View abstract.

Pade, D. and Stavchansky, S. Selection of bioavailability markers for herbal extracts based on in silico descriptors and their correlation to in vitro permeability. Mol.Pharm. 2008;5(4):665-671. View abstract.

Schrieber, S. J., Wen, Z., Vourvahis, M., Smith, P. C., Fried, M. W., Kashuba, A. D., and Hawke, R. L. The pharmacokinetics of silymarin is altered in patients with hepatitis C virus and nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease and correlates with plasma caspase-3/7 activity. Drug Metab Dispos 2008;36(9):1909-1916. View abstract.

Asghar, Z. and Masood, Z. Evaluation of antioxidant properties of silymarin and its potential to inhibit peroxyl radicals in vitro. Pak.J Pharm Sci 2008;21(3):249-254. View abstract.

Mereish, K. A., Bunner, D. L., Ragland, D. R., and Creasia, D. A. Protection against microcystin-LR-induced hepatotoxicity by Silymarin: biochemistry, histopathology, and lethality. Pharm.Res 1991;8(2):273-277. View abstract.

Par, A., Roth, E., Miseta, A., Hegedus, G., Par, G., Hunyady, B., and Vincze, A. [Effects of supplementation with the antioxidant flavonoid, silymarin, in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with peg-interferon + ribavirin. A placebo-controlled double blind study]. Orv.Hetil. 1-11-2009;150(2):73-79. View abstract.

El-Kamary, S. S., Shardell, M. D., Abdel-Hamid, M., Ismail, S., El-Ateek, M., Metwally, M., Mikhail, N., Hashem, M., Mousa, A., Aboul-Fotouh, A., El-Kassas, M., Esmat, G., and Strickland, G. T. A randomized controlled trial to assess the safety and efficacy of silymarin on symptoms, signs and biomarkers of acute hepatitis. Phytomedicine. 2009;16(5):391-400. View abstract.

Nassuato, G., Iemmolo, R. M., Strazzabosco, M., Lirussi, F., Deana, R., Francesconi, M. A., Muraca, M., Passera, D., Fragasso, A., Orlando, R., and . Effect of Silibinin on biliary lipid composition. Experimental and clinical study. J Hepatol. 1991;12(3):290-295. View abstract.

Gharagozloo, M., Moayedi, B., Zakerinia, M., Hamidi, M., Karimi, M., Maracy, M., and Amirghofran, Z. Combined therapy of silymarin and desferrioxamine in patients with beta-thalassemia major: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Fundam.Clin.Pharmacol. 2009;23(3):359-365. View abstract.

Hawke, R. L., Schrieber, S. J., Soule, T. A., Wen, Z., Smith, P. C., Reddy, K. R., Wahed, A. S., Belle, S. H., Afdhal, N. H., Navarro, V. J., Berman, J., Liu, Q. Y., Doo, E., and Fried, M. W. Silymarin ascending multiple oral dosing phase I study in noncirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis C. J.Clin.Pharmacol. 2010;50(4):434-449. View abstract.

Ladas, E. J., Kroll, D. J., Oberlies, N. H., Cheng, B., Ndao, D. H., Rheingold, S. R., and Kelly, K. M. A randomized, controlled, double-blind, pilot study of milk thistle for the treatment of hepatotoxicity in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Cancer 1-15-2010;116(2):506-513. View abstract.

Sayyah, M., Boostani, H., Pakseresht, S., and Malayeri, A. Comparison of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. with fluoxetine in the treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Prog.Neuropsychopharmacol.Biol.Psychiatry 3-17-2010;34(2):362-365. View abstract.

Flaig, T. W., Glode, M., Gustafson, D., van, Bokhoven A., Tao, Y., Wilson, S., Su, L. J., Li, Y., Harrison, G., Agarwal, R., Crawford, E. D., Lucia, M. S., and Pollak, M. A study of high-dose oral silybin-phytosome followed by prostatectomy in patients with localized prostate cancer. Prostate 6-1-2010;70(8):848-855. View abstract.

Magdalan, J., Piotrowska, A., Gomulkiewicz, A., Sozanski, T., Szelag, A., and Dziegiel, P. Influence of commonly used clinical antidotes on antioxidant systems in human hepatocyte culture intoxicated with alpha-amanitin. Hum.Exp.Toxicol. 2011;30(1):38-43. View abstract.

de Font-Reaulx, Rojas E. and Dorazco-Barragan, G. [Clinical stabilisation in neurodegenerative diseases: clinical study in phase II]. Rev.Neurol. 5-1-2010;50(9):520-528. View abstract.

Li, J., Lin, W. F., Pan, Y. Y., and Zhu, X. Y. [Protective effect of silibinin on liver injury induced by antituberculosis drugs]. Zhonghua Gan Zang.Bing.Za Zhi. 2010;18(5):385-386. View abstract.

Payer, B. A., Reiberger, T., Rutter, K., Beinhardt, S., Staettermayer, A. F., Peck-Radosavljevic, M., and Ferenci, P. Successful HCV eradication and inhibition of HIV replication by intravenous silibinin in an HIV-HCV coinfected patient. J.Clin.Virol. 2010;49(2):131-133. View abstract.

Moosavifar, N., Mohammadpour, A. H., Jallali, M., Karimiz, G., and Saberi, H. Evaluation of effect of silymarin on granulosa cell apoptosis and follicular development in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization. East Mediterr.Health J. 2010;16(6):642-645. View abstract.

Barzaghi, N., Crema, F., Gatti, G., Pifferi, G., and Perucca, E. Pharmacokinetic studies on IdB 1016, a silybin- phosphatidylcholine complex, in healthy human subjects. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 1990;15(4):333-338. View abstract.

Vidlar, A., Vostalova, J., Ulrichova, J., Student, V., Krajicek, M., Vrbkova, J., and Simanek, V. The safety and efficacy of a silymarin and selenium combination in men after radical prostatectomy - a six month placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial. Biomed.Pap.Med.Fac.Univ Palacky.Olomouc.Czech.Repub. 2010;154(3):239-244. View abstract.

Tiwari, P., Kumar, A., Balakrishnan, S., Kushwaha, H. S., and Mishra, K. P. Silibinin-induced apoptosis in MCF7 and T47D human breast carcinoma cells involves caspase-8 activation and mitochondrial pathway. Cancer Invest 2011;29(1):12-20. View abstract.

Wagoner, J., Morishima, C., Graf, T. N., Oberlies, N. H., Teissier, E., Pecheur, E. I., Tavis, J. E., and Polyak, S. J. Differential in vitro effects of intravenous versus oral formulations of silibinin on the HCV life cycle and inflammation. PLoS.One. 2011;6(1):e16464. View abstract.

Eurich, D., Bahra, M., Berg, T., Boas-Knoop, S., Biermer, M., Neuhaus, R., Neuhaus, P., and Neumann, U. Treatment of hepatitis C-virus-reinfection after liver transplant with silibinin in nonresponders to pegylated interferon-based therapy. Exp.Clin.Transplant. 2011;9(1):1-6. View abstract.

Ramirez-Santos, A., Perez-Bustillo, A., Gonzalez-Sixto, B., Suarez-Amor, O., and Rodriguez-Prieto, M. A. [Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis due to milk thistle (Silybum marianum) tea]. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2011;102(9):744-745. View abstract.

Becker-Schiebe, M., Mengs, U., Schaefer, M., Bulitta, M., and Hoffmann, W. Topical use of a silymarin-based preparation to prevent radiodermatitis : results of a prospective study in breast cancer patients. Strahlenther.Onkol. 2011;187(8):485-491. View abstract.

Schrieber, S. J., Hawke, R. L., Wen, Z., Smith, P. C., Reddy, K. R., Wahed, A. S., Belle, S. H., Afdhal, N. H., Navarro, V. J., Meyers, C. M., Doo, E., and Fried, M. W. Differences in the disposition of silymarin between patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic hepatitis C. Drug Metab Dispos. 2011;39(12):2182-2190. View abstract.

Zhang, J., Luan, Q., Liu, Y., Lee, D. Y., and Wang, Z. A comparison of the diastereoisomers, silybin A and silybin B, on the induction of apoptosis in K562 cells. Nat.Prod.Commun. 2011;6(11):1653-1656. View abstract.

Loguercio C, Andreone P, Brisc C, et al. Silybin combined with phosphatidylcholine and vitamin E in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial. Free Radic Biol Med 2012;52(9):1658-65. View abstract.

Iakimchuk, G. N. and Gendrikson, L. N. [Study of clinical efficiency of essential phospholipids and silymarin combination in nonalcoholic and alcoholic steatohepatitis]. Eksp.Klin.Gastroenterol. 2011;(7):64-69. View abstract.

Yakoot, M. and Salem, A. Spirulina platensis versus silymarin in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. A pilot randomized, comparative clinical trial. BMC.Gastroenterol. 2012;12:32. View abstract.

Brinda, B. J., Zhu, H. J., and Markowitz, J. S. A sensitive LC-MS/MS assay for the simultaneous analysis of the major active components of silymarin in human plasma. J.Chromatogr.B Analyt.Technol.Biomed.Life Sci. 8-1-2012;902:1-9. View abstract.

Fallahzadeh, M. K., Dormanesh, B., Sagheb, M. M., Roozbeh, J., Vessal, G., Pakfetrat, M., Daneshbod, Y., Kamali-Sarvestani, E., and Lankarani, K. B. Effect of addition of silymarin to renin-angiotensin system inhibitors on proteinuria in type 2 diabetic patients with overt nephropathy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am.J.Kidney Dis. 2012;60(6):896-903. View abstract.

Fried, M. W., Navarro, V. J., Afdhal, N., Belle, S. H., Wahed, A. S., Hawke, R. L., Doo, E., Meyers, C. M., and Reddy, K. R. Effect of silymarin (milk thistle) on liver disease in patients with chronic hepatitis C unsuccessfully treated with interferon therapy: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 7-18-2012;308(3):274-282. View abstract.

Giorgi, V. S., Peracoli, M. T., Peracoli, J. C., Witkin, S. S., and Bannwart-Castro, C. F. Silibinin modulates the NF-kappab pathway and pro-inflammatory cytokine production by mononuclear cells from preeclamptic women. J.Reprod.Immunol. 2012;95(1-2):67-72. View abstract.

Sonnenbichler, J. and Zetl, I. Biochemical effects of the flavonolignane silibinin on RNA, protein and DNA synthesis in rat livers. Prog.Clin Biol Res 1986;213:319-331. View abstract.

Somogyi, A., Ecsedi, G. G., Blazovics, A., Miskolczi, K., Gergely, P., and Feher, J. Short term treatment of type II hyperlipoproteinaemia with silymarin. Acta Med Hung. 1989;46(4):289-295. View abstract.

Sonnenbichler, J., Goldberg, M., Hane, L., Madubunyi, I., Vogl, S., and Zetl, I. Stimulatory effect of Silibinin on the DNA synthesis in partially hepatectomized rat livers: non-response in hepatoma and other malign cell lines. Biochem.Pharmacol 2-1-1986;35(3):538-541. View abstract.

Lang, I., Deak, G., Nekam, K., Muzes, G., Gonzalez-Cabello, R., Gergely, P., and Feher, J. Hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effects of antioxidant therapy. Acta Med Hung. 1988;45(3-4):287-295. View abstract.

Feher, J., Lang, I., Nekam, K., Muzes, G., and Deak, G. Effect of free radical scavengers on superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Acta Med Hung. 1988;45(3-4):265-276. View abstract.

Magliulo, E., Gagliardi, B., and Fiori, G. P. [Results of a double blind study on the effect of silymarin in the treatment of acute viral hepatitis, carried out at two medical centres (author's transl)]. Med Klin. 7-14-1978;73(28-29):1060-1065. View abstract.

Valenzuela, A., Lagos, C., Schmidt, K., and Videla, L. A. Silymarin protection against hepatic lipid peroxidation induced by acute ethanol intoxication in the rat. Biochem.Pharmacol 6-15-1985;34(12):2209-2212. View abstract.

Schriewer, H. and Rauen, H. M. [The effect of silybin dihemisuccinate on cholesterol biosynthesis in rat liver homogenates (author's transl)]. Arzneimittelforschung. 1977;27(9):1691-1694. View abstract.

Hikino, H., Kiso, Y., Wagner, H., and Fiebig, M. Antihepatotoxic actions of flavonolignans from Silybum marianum fruits. Planta Med 1984;50(3):248-250. View abstract.

Benda, L., Dittrich, H., Ferenzi, P., Frank, H., and Wewalka, F. [The influence of therapy with silymarin on the survival rate of patients with liver cirrhosis (author's transl)]. Wien.Klin.Wochenschr. 10-10-1980;92(19):678-683. View abstract.

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Elyasi S, Hosseini S, Niazi Moghadam MR, Aledavood SA, Karimi G. Effect of Oral Silymarin Administration on Prevention of Radiotherapy Induced Mucositis: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Phytother Res. 2016;30(11):1879-85. View abstract.

Elyasi S, Shojaee FSR, Allahyari A, Karimi G. Topical Silymarin Administration for Prevention of Capecitabine-Induced Hand-Foot Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Phytother Res. 2017;31(9):1323-29. View abstract.

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Ebrahimpour-Koujan S, Gargari BP, Mobasseri M, Valizadeh H, Asghari-Jafarabadi M. Lower glycemic indices and lipid profile among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who received novel dose of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (silymarin) extract supplement: A Triple-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial. Phytomedicine. 2018;44:39-44. View abstract.

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Shie Morteza M, Hayati Z, Namazi N, Abdollahimajd F. Efficacy and safety of oral silymarin in comparison with oral doxycycline and their combination therapy in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Dermatol Ther. 2019;32(6):e13095. View abstract.

Malekshah RE, Khaleghian A. Influence of Silybum marianum on morphine addicted rats, biochemical parameters and molecular simulation studies on µ-opioid receptor. Drug Res (Stuttg). 2019;69(11):630-638. View abstract.

Barbosa CC, Nishimura AN, Santos MLD, et al. Silymarin administration during pregnancy and breastfeeding: evaluation of initial development and adult behavior of mice. Neurotoxicology 2020;78:64-70. View abstract.

Jowkar F, Godarzi H, Parvizi MM. Can we consider silymarin as a treatment option for vitiligo? A double-blind controlled randomized clinical trial of phototherapy plus oral Silybum marianum product versus phototherapy alone. J Dermatolog Treat. 2020;31(3):256-60. View abstract.

Mirnezami M, Jafarimanesh H, Rezagholizamenjany M, et al. The effect of silymarin on liver enzymes in patients taking isotretinoin: a randomized clinical trial. Dermatol Ther. 2020:33(2):e13236. View abstract.

Jamalian M, Mahmodiyeh B, Saveiee S, Solhi H. Investigating the impact of silymarin on liver oxidative injury. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020;9(3):1707-11. View abstract.

Kalopitas G, Antza C, Doundoulakis I, et al. Impact of Silymarin in individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition. 2021;83:111092. View abstract.

Saberi Z, Gorji N, Memariani Z, Moeini R, Shirafkan H, Amiri M. Evaluation of the effect of Silybum marianum extract on menopausal symptoms: A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Phytother Res. 2020. View abstract.

Xiao F, Gao F, Zhou S, Wang L. The therapeutic effects of silymarin for patients with glucose/lipid metabolic dysfunction: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(40):e22249. View abstract.

Ibrahim SMA, Farag AS, Ali MS, El-Gendy WMAF. Efficacy and safety of topical silymarin versus low fluence 1064-nm Q switched Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of melasma: a comparative randomized trial. Lasers Surg Med 2021. View abstract.

Vidimce J, Pennell EN, Foo M, et al. Effect of silymarin treatment on circulating bilirubin and cardiovascular disease risk factors in healthy men: a single-blind, randomized crossover trial. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2021. View abstract.

Mirzaei E, Sabetian G, Masjedi M, et al. The effect of silymarin on liver enzymes and antioxidant status in trauma patients in the intensive care unit: a randomized double blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial. Clin Exp Hepatol 2021;7(2):149-155. View abstract.

Ghiasian M, Nafisi H, Ranjbar A, Mohammadi Y, Ataei S. Antioxidative effects of silymarin on the reduction of liver complications of fingolimod in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a clinical trial study. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021. View abstract.

Moezian GSA, Javadinia SA, Sales SS, Fanipakdel A, Elyasi S, Karimi G. Oral silymarin formulation efficacy in management of AC-T protocol induced hepatotoxicity in breast cancer patients: a randomized, triple blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2021. View abstract.

Toomari E, Hajian S, Mojab F, Omidkhah T, Nasiri M. Evaluation of the effect of Silybum marianum ointment on episiotomy wound healing and pain intensity in primiparous women: a randomized triple blind clinical trial. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2021 Oct 7;21(1):253. View abstract.

Soleymani S, Ayati MH, Mansourzadeh MJ, Namazi N, Zargaran A. The effects of Silymarin on the features of cardiometabolic syndrome in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytother Res. 2022 Jan 11. doi: 10.1002/ptr.7364. View abstract.

Darvishi-Khezri H, Naderisorki M, Zahedi M, et al. Coadministration of silymarin with iron chelators in transfusion-dependent ß-thalassemia patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis for effect on iron overload. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2021;14(11):1445-53. View abstract.

Gamissans M, Expósito-Serrano V, López-Llunell C, Valdivieso L, Garbayo-Salmons P. Bullous pemphigoid triggered by Silybum marianum: an unexpected side effect of an herbal remedy. Int J Dermatol. 2021 Aug 7. doi: 10.1111/ijd.15822. View abstract.

Mirhashemi SH, Hakakzadeh A, Yeganeh FE, Oshidari B, Rezaee SP. Effect of 8 Weeks milk thistle powder (silymarin extract) supplementation on fatty liver disease in patients candidates for bariatric surgery. Metabol Open 2022;14:100190. View abstract.

Ahmed S, Ullah N, Parveen S, et al. Effect of Silymarin as an Adjunct Therapy in Combination with Sofosbuvir and Ribavirin in Hepatitis C Patients: A Miniature Clinical Trial. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2022;2022:9199190. View abstract.

Cossiga V, Sanduzzi-Zamparelli M, Sapena V, et al. Beneficial Effects of Silybin Treatment After Viral Eradication in Patients With HCV-Related Advanced Chronic Liver Disease: A Pilot Study. Front Pharmacol 2022;13:824879. View abstract.

Aryan H, Farahani RH, Chamanara M, et al. Evaluation of the efficacy of oral nano-silymarin formulation in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res 2022;36(10):3924-3931. View abstract.

Aboras SI, Korany MA, El-Yazbi AF, Ragab MAA, Abdine HH. In-depth investigation of the Silymarin effect on the pharmacokinetic parameters of sofosbuvir, GS-331007 and ledipasvir in rat plasma using LC-MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2022;36(9):e5427. View abstract.

Atarodi H, Pazouki A, Gholizadeh B, et al. Effect of silymarin on liver size and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in morbidly obese patients: A randomized double-blind clinical trial. J Res Med Sci 2022;27:76. View abstract.

Zhang B, Jiang G, Wang L, et al. An analysis of silybin meglumine tablets in the treatment of drug-induced liver injury as assessed for causality with the updated Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method using a nationwide database. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2023;89(4):1329-1337. View abstract.

Mirzaei N, Jahanian Sadatmahalleh S, Rouholamin S, Nasiri M. A randomized trial assessing the efficacy of Silymarin on endometrioma-related manifestations. Sci Rep 2022;12(1):17549. View abstract.

Shavandi M, Yazdani Y, Asar S, Mohammadi A, Mohammadi-Noori E, Kiani A. The Effect of Oral Administration of Silymarin on Serum Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-a and Interleukin-1ß in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Iran J Immunol 2022;19(4):427-435. View abstract.

Kim J, Lee YN, Lee J, et al. Efficacy and safety of silymarin containing antioxidant serum as an adjuvant treatment of mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris: A prospective, open-label pilot study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023;22(2):561-568. View abstract.

Wattanakrai P, Nimmannitya K. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Split-Face Study of Topical Silymarin vs 2% Hydroquinone Cream in Melasmas. J Drugs Dermatol 2022;21(12):1304-1310. View abstract.

Bageorgou F, Li L, Beausillon C, Stennevin A, Ortiz-Brugués A, Saurat JH. Tolerability and effectiveness of a dermocosmetic product containing Silybum marianum fruit extract in adolescents and young adults with acne-prone skin: An international, phase IV, longitudinal study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023. View abstract.

Kohutek F, Bystricky B. Optimal dose of silymarin for the management of drug induced liver injury in oncology. Mol Clin Oncol 2023;18(5):35. View abstract.

Zhang W, Zhang Y, Wen C, Jiang X, Wang L. In vitro Assessment of the Effects of Silybin on CYP2B6-mediated Metabolism. Planta Med 2023. View abstract.

Talebi A, Soltani R, Khorvash F, Jouabadi SM. The Effectiveness of Silymarin in the Prevention of Anti-tuberculosis Drug-induced Hepatotoxicity: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Int J Prev Med 2023;14:48. View abstract.

Atallah DA, Badran AY, Makhlouf AG, Mekkawy MM. Topical Silymarin Cream as a Novel Therapy Versus Salicylic Acid Peels in Acne Vulgaris: A Split-Face Clinical Trial. J Cutan Med Surg 2023. View abstract.

Eghbali A, Sadeghian M, Ghasemi A, Afzal RR, Eghbali A, Ghaffari K. Effect of oral silymarin on liver function in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the maintenance phase: a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Front Pharmacol 2024;15:1295816. View abstract.