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Hale GE, Hughes CL, Robboy SJ, et al. A doubleblind randomized study on the effects of red clover isoflavones on the endometrium. Menopause 2001;8:338-46. View abstract.
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Jarred RA, McPherson SJ, Jones ME, et al. Anti-androgenic action by red clover-derived dietary isoflavones reduces non-malignant prostate enlargement in aromatase knockout (ArKo) mice. Prostate 2003;56:54-64. View abstract.
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Risbridger GP, Wang H, Frydenberg M, Husband A. The in vivo effect of red clover diet on ventral prostate growth in adult male mice. Reprod Fertil Dev 2001;13:325-9. View abstract.
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Lipovac M, Chedraui P, Gruenhut C, et al. Improvement of postmenopausal depressive and anxiety symptoms after treatment with isoflavones derived from red clover extracts. Maturitas 2010;65:258-61. View abstract.
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Howes JB, Tran D, Brillante D, Howes LG. Effects of dietary supplementation with isoflavones from red clover on ambulatory blood pressure and endothelial function in postmenopausal type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2003;5(5):325-332. View abstract.
19450
Blakesmith SJ, Lyons-Wall PM, George C, et al. Effects of supplementation with purified red clover (Trifolium pratense) isoflavones on plasma lipids and insulin resistance in healthy premenopausal women. Br J Nutr 2003;89(4):467-474. View abstract.
19540
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19542
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Hidalgo LA, Chedraui PA, Morocho N, et al. The effect of red clover isoflavones on menopausal symptoms, lipids and vaginal cytology in menopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Gynecol Endocrinol 2005;21(5):257-264. View abstract.
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Weaver CM, Martin BR, Jackson GS, et al. Antiresorptive effects of phytoestrogen supplements compared with estradiol or risedronate in postmenopausal women using (41)Ca methodology. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009;94(10):3798-3805. View abstract.
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Coon JT, Pittler MH, Ernst E. Trifolium pratense isoflavones in the treatment of menopausal hot flushes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytomedicine 2007;14(2-3):153-159. View abstract.
19549
del Giorno C, Fonseca AM, Bagnoli VR, et al. Effects of Trifolium pratense on the climacteric and sexual symptoms in postmenopause women. Rev Assoc Med Bras 2010;56(5):558-562. View abstract.
19550
Imhof M, Gocan A, Reithmayr F, et al. Effects of a red clover extract (MF11RCE) on endometrium and sex hormones in postmenopausal women. Maturitas 2006;55(1):76-81. View abstract.
19552
Rotem C, Kaplan B. Phyto-Female Complex for the relief of hot flushes, night sweats and quality of sleep: randomized, controlled, double-blind pilot study. Gynecol Endocrinol 2007;23:117-22. View abstract.
19553
Maki PM, Rubin LH, Fornelli D, et al. Effects of botanicals and combined hormone therapy on cognition in postmenopausal women. Menopause 2009;16:1167-77. View abstract.
19554
Howes JB, Bray K, Lorenz L, et al. The effects of dietary supplementation with isoflavones from red clover on cognitive function in postmenopausal women. Climacteric 2004;7(1):70-77. View abstract.
19555
Campbell MJ, Woodside JV, Honour JW, et al. Effect of red clover-derived isoflavone supplementation on insulin-like growth factor, lipid and antioxidant status in healthy female volunteers: a pilot study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2004;58(1):173-179. View abstract.
19557
Guerrero JA, Lozano ML, Castillo J, et al. Flavonoids inhibit platelet function through binding to the thromboxane A2 receptor. J Thromb Haemost 2005;3(2):369-376. View abstract.
19558
Kondo K, Suzuki Y, Ikeda Y, Umemura K. Genistein, an isoflavone included in soy, inhibits thrombotic vessel occlusion in the mouse femoral artery and in vitro platelet aggregation. Eur J Pharmacol 2002;455(1):53-57. View abstract.
19559
Polini N, Rauschemberger MB, Mendiberri J, et al. Effect of genistein and raloxifene on vascular dependent platelet aggregation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2007;267(1-2):55-62. View abstract.
19560
Wuttke W, Jarry H, Seidlova-Wuttke D. Plant-derived alternative treatments for the aging male: facts and myths. Aging Male 2010;13(2):75-81. View abstract.
19729
Villaseca P. Non-estrogen conventional and phytochemical treatments for vasomotor symptoms: what needs to be known for practice. Climacteric 2012;15(2):115-124. View abstract.
23582
Chen, Y., Xiao, C. Q., He, Y. J., Chen, B. L., Wang, G., Zhou, G., Zhang, W., Tan, Z. R., Cao, S., Wang, L. P., and Zhou, H. H. Genistein alters caffeine exposure in healthy female volunteers. Eur.J Clin.Pharmacol. 2011;67(4):347-353. View abstract.
35860
Umland, E. M. Treatment strategies for reducing the burden of menopause-associated vasomotor symptoms. J.Manag.Care Pharm. 2008;14(3 Suppl):14-19. View abstract.
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Shulman, L. P., Banuvar, S., Fong, H. H., and Farnsworth, N. R. Discussion of a well-designed clinical trial which did not demonstrate effectiveness: UIC center for botanical dietary supplements research study of black cohosh and red clover. Fitoterapia 2011;82(1):88-91. View abstract.
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Finking, G., Wohlfrom, M., Lenz, C., Wolkenhauer, M., Eberle, C., and Hanke, H. The phytoestrogens Genistein and Daidzein, and 17 beta-estradiol inhibit development of neointima in aortas from male and female rabbits in vitro after injury. Coron.Artery Dis. 1999;10(8):607-615. View abstract.
70410
Domon, O. E., McGarrity, L. J., Bishop, M., Yoshioka, M., Chen, J. J., and Morris, S. M. Evaluation of the genotoxicity of the phytoestrogen, coumestrol, in AHH- 1 TK(+/-) human lymphoblastoid cells. Mutat.Res 3-1-2001;474(1-2):129-137. View abstract.
70411
Rosenberg Zand, R. S., Jenkins, D. J., and Diamandis, E. P. Effects of natural products and nutraceuticals on steroid hormone-regulated gene expression. Clin Chim.Acta 2001;312(1-2):213-219. View abstract.
70412
Burdette, J. E., Liu, J., Lantvit, D., Lim, E., Booth, N., Bhat, K. P., Hedayat, S., van Breemen, R. B., Constantinou, A. I., Pezzuto, J. M., Farnsworth, N. R., and Bolton, J. L. Trifolium pratense (red clover) exhibits estrogenic effects in vivo in ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats. J Nutr 2002;132(1):27-30. View abstract.
70413
Jarred, R. A., Keikha, M., Dowling, C., McPherson, S. J., Clare, A. M., Husband, A. J., Pedersen, J. S., Frydenberg, M., and Risbridger, G. P. Induction of apoptosis in low to moderate-grade human prostate carcinoma by red clover-derived dietary isoflavones. Cancer Epidemiol.Biomarkers Prev. 2002;11(12):1689-1696. View abstract.
70414
Suh, K. S., Koh, G., Park, C. Y., Woo, J. T., Kim, S. W., Kim, J. W., Park, I. K., and Kim, Y. S. Soybean isoflavones inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced apoptosis and the production of interleukin-6 and prostaglandin E2 in osteoblastic cells. Phytochemistry 2003;63(2):209-215. View abstract.
70416
Blakesmith, S. J., Lyons-Wall, P. M., Joannou, G. E., Petocz, P., and Samman, S. Urinary isoflavonoid excretion is inversely associated with the ratio of protein to dietary fibre intake in young women. Eur.J Clin Nutr 2005;59(2):284-290. View abstract.
70417
Vrieling, A., Rookus, M. A., Kampman, E., Bonfrer, J. M., Korse, C. M., van Doorn, J., Lampe, J. W., Cats, A., Witteman, B. J., van Leeuwen, F. E., van't Veer, L. J., and Voskuil, D. W. Isolated isoflavones do not affect the circulating insulin-like growth factor system in men at increased colorectal cancer risk. J Nutr 2007;137(2):379-383. View abstract.
70418
Nissan, H. P., Lu, J., Booth, N. L., Yamamura, H. I., Farnsworth, N. R., and Wang, Z. J. A red clover (Trifolium pratense) phase II clinical extract possesses opiate activity. J Ethnopharmacol 5-30-2007;112(1):207-210. View abstract.
70419
Friedman, J. A., Taylor, S. A., McDermott, W., and Alikhani, P. Multifocal and recurrent subarachnoid hemorrhage due to an herbal supplement containing natural coumarins. Neurocrit.Care 2007;7(1):76-80. View abstract.
70422
Tomar, R. S. and Shiao, R. Early life and adult exposure to isoflavones and breast cancer risk. J.Environ.Sci.Health C.Environ.Carcinog.Ecotoxicol.Rev. 2008;26(2):113-173. View abstract.
70423
Peterson, G. and Barnes, S. Genistein inhibition of the growth of human breast cancer cells: independence from estrogen receptors and the multi-drug resistance gene. Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun. 8-30-1991;179(1):661-667. View abstract.
70426
Hamilton-Reeves, J. M., Vazquez, G., Duval, S. J., Phipps, W. R., Kurzer, M. S., and Messina, M. J. Clinical studies show no effects of soy protein or isoflavones on reproductive hormones in men: results of a meta-analysis. Fertil.Steril. 2010;94(3):997-1007. View abstract.
70427
Samman, S., Koh, H. S., Flood, V. M., Blakesmith, S. J., Petocz, P., and Lyons-Wall, P. M. Red clover (Trifolium pratense) isoflavones and serum homocysteine in premenopausal women: a pilot study. J.Womens Health (Larchmt.) 2009;18(11):1813-1816. View abstract.
70428
Hooper, L., Madhavan, G., Tice, J. A., Leinster, S. J., and Cassidy, A. Effects of isoflavones on breast density in pre- and post-menopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Hum.Reprod.Update. 2010;16(6):745-760. View abstract.
70429
Lipovac, M., Chedraui, P., Gruenhut, C., Gocan, A., Kurz, C., Neuber, B., and Imhof, M. The effect of red clover isoflavone supplementation over vasomotor and menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women. Gynecol.Endocrinol. 2012;28(3):203-207. View abstract.
70430
Ma, H., Sullivan-Halley, J., Smith, A. W., Neuhouser, M. L., Alfano, C. M., Meeske, K., George, S. M., McTiernan, A., McKean-Cowdin, R., Baumgartner, K. B., Ballard-Barbash, R., and Bernstein, L. Estrogenic botanical supplements, health-related quality of life, fatigue, and hormone-related symptoms in breast cancer survivors: a HEAL study report. BMC.Complement Altern.Med. 2011;11:109. View abstract.
70431
Lee, C. C., Bloem, C. J., Kasa-Vubu, J. Z., and Liang, L. J. Effect of oral phytoestrogen on androgenicity and insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women. Diabetes Obes.Metab 2012;14(4):315-319. View abstract.
70432
Pitkin, J. Alternative and complementary therapies for the menopause. Menopause.Int. 2012;18(1):20-27. View abstract.
70433
Kolodziejczyk-Czepas, J. Trifolium species-derived substances and extracts--biological activity and prospects for medicinal applications. J.Ethnopharmacol. 8-30-2012;143(1):14-23. View abstract.
70434
Leach, M. J. and Moore, V. Black cohosh (Cimicifuga spp.) for menopausal symptoms. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2012;9:CD007244. View abstract.
70435
Lovati, M. R., Manzoni, C., Canavesi, A., Sirtori, M., Vaccarino, V., Marchi, M., Gaddi, G., and Sirtori, C. R. Soybean protein diet increases low density lipoprotein receptor activity in mononuclear cells from hypercholesterolemic patients. J Clin Invest 1987;80(5):1498-1502. View abstract.
70436
Barnes, S. Effect of genistein on in vitro and in vivo models of cancer. J Nutr 1995;125(3 Suppl):777S-783S. View abstract.
70437
Peterson, G. and Barnes, S. Genistein and biochanin A inhibit the growth of human prostate cancer cells but not epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine autophosphorylation. Prostate 1993;22(4):335-345. View abstract.
70438
Knight, D. C. and Eden, J. A. A review of the clinical effects of phytoestrogens. Obstet.Gynecol. 1996;87(5 Pt 2):897-904. View abstract.
70439
Stephens, F. O. Phytoestrogens and prostate cancer: possible preventive role. Med J Aust. 8-4-1997;167(3):138-140. View abstract.
70440
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Gerber G, Lowe FC, and Spigelman S. The use of a standardized extract of red clover isoflavones for the alleviation of BPH symptoms. The Endocrine Society's 82nd Annual Meeting 2000;82:2359.
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Orr A and Parker R. Red clover causing symptoms suggestive of methotrexate toxicity in a patient on high-dose methotrexate. Menopause Int. 2013;19(3):133-134.
91524
Clifton-Bligh PB, et al. Red cover isoflavones enriched with formononetin lower serum LDL cholesterol- a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2015;69(1):134-142.
91525
Ghazanfarpour M, Sadeghi R, Roudsari RL, Khorsand I, Khadivzadeh T, Muoio B. Red clover for treatment of hot flashes and menopausal symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2015;36:301-311. View abstract.
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Risk assessment for peri- and post-menopausal women taking food supplements containing isolated isoflavones. EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS). 2015.
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Lambert MNT, Thorup AC, Hansen ESS, Jeppesn PB. Combined red clover isoflavonese and probiotics potently reduce menopausal vasomotor symptoms. PLoS One. 2017 Jun 7;12(6):e0176590. View abstract.
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Myers SP, Vigar V. Effects of a standardized extract of Trifolium pretense (Promensil) at a dosage of 80mg in the treatment of menopausal hot flushes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytomedicine. 2017 Jan 15;24:141-47. View abstract.
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Mokhtari M, Yousefi M, Bazaz MM, Rakhshandeh H, Vahid H, Ariamanesh AS. The efficacy of topical red clover oil on knee osteoarthritis: A pilot prospective randomized triple-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res 2020 Mar 12. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6650. Online ahead of print. View abstract.
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Kanadys W, Baranska A, Jedrych M, Religioni U, Janiszewska M. Effects of red clover (Trifolium pratense) isoflavones on the lipid profile of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women-A systematic review and meta-analysis. Maturitas 2020;132:7-16. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.11.001. View abstract.
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Ferraris C, Ballestra B, Listorti C, et al. Red clover and lifestyle changes to contrast menopausal symptoms in premenopausal patients with hormone-sensitive breast cancer receiving tamoxifen. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020;180(1):157-65. doi: 10.1007/s10549-020-05534-4. View abstract.
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Chen L, Choi J, Leonard SW, et al. No Clinically Relevant Pharmacokinetic Interactions of a Red Clover Dietary Supplement with Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Women. J Agric Food Chem. 2020;68(47):13929-13939. View abstract.
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Kanadys W, Baranska A, Blaszczuk A, et al. Evaluation of Clinical Meaningfulness of Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) Extract to Relieve Hot Flushes and Menopausal Symptoms in Peri- and Post-Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients. 2021;13(4):1258. View abstract.
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Masuda T, Ino Y, Hirai A, et al. Effects of isoflavone-rich red clover extract on blood glucose level: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Food Sci. 2021;86(4):1393-1399. View abstract.
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Blaszczuk A, Baranska A, Kanadys W, et al. Role of Phytoestrogen-Rich Bioactive Substances (Linum usitatissimum L., Glycine max L., Trifolium pratense L.) in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2022;14(12):2467. View abstract.