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Hussain MD, Teixeira MG. Saint John's wort and analgesia: effect of Saint John's wort on morphine induced analgesia. AAPS Ann Mtg & Expo Indianapolis, IN:2000;Oct 29- Nov 2:presentation #3453.

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Kim HL, Streltzer J, Goebert D. St. John's wort for depression: A meta analysis of well-defined clinical trials. J Nerv Ment Dis 1999;187:532-9. View abstract.

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Harrer G, Schmidt U, Kuhn U, Biller A. Comparison of equivalence between the St. John's wort extract LoHyp-57 and fluoxetine. Arzneimittelforschung 1999;49:289-96. View abstract.

Philipp M, Kohnen R, Hiller KO. Hypericum extract versus imipramine or placebo in patients with moderate depression: randomized multicentre study of treatment for eight weeks. BMJ 1999;319:1534-9. View abstract.

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Singer A, Wonnemann M, Muller WE. Hyperforin, a major antidepressant constituent of St. John's wort, inhibits serotonin uptake by elevating free intracellular Na+1. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1999;290:1363-8.. View abstract.

Schempp C, Pelz K, Wittmer A, et al. Antibacterial activity of hyperforin from St. John's wort, against multiresistant Stapylococcus aureus and gram-positive bacteria. Lancet 1999;353:2129. View abstract.

Nierenberg AA, Burt T, Matthews J, et al. Mania associated with St. John's wort. Biol Psychiatry 1999;46:1707-8. View abstract.

Nebel A, Schneider BJ, Baker RA, et al. Potential metabolic interaction between St. John's wort and theophylline. Ann Pharmacother 1999;33:502. View abstract.

Moses EL, Mallinger AG. St. John's wort: Three cases of possible mania induction. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2000;20:115-7. View abstract.

Beckman SE, Sommi RW, Switzer J. Consumer use of St. John's wort: A survey of effectiveness, safety, and tolerability. Pharmacotherapy 2000;20:568-74. View abstract.

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Gewertz N, Ereshefsky B, Lam YWF, et al. Determination of the differential effects of St. John's wort on the CYP1A2 and NAT2 metabolic pathways using caffeine probe methodology. Abstract Poster Presentations, 39th NCDEU Annual Meeting, 1999:Poster 131.

Markowitz JS, DeVane CL, Boulton DW, et al. Effect of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) on cytochrome P-450 2D6 and 3A4 activity in healthy volunteers. Life Sci 2000;66:PL 133-9. View abstract.

Peirce A. The American Pharmaceutical Association Practical Guide to Natural Medicines. New York, NY: William Morrow and Co., 1999.

Ondrizek RR, Chan PJ, Patton WC, King A. Inhibition of human sperm motility by specific herbs used in alternative medicine. J Assist Reprod Genet 1999;16:87-91. View abstract.

Ondrizek RR, Chan PJ, Patton WC, King A. An alternative medicine study of herbal effects on the penetration of zona-free hamster oocytes and the integrity of sperm deoxyribonucleic acid. Fertil Steril 1999;71:517-22. View abstract.

Mai I, Kruger H, Budde K, et al. Hazardous pharmacokinetic interaction of Saint John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) with the immunosuppressant cyclosporin. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2000;38:500-2. View abstract.

Whiskey E, Werneke U, Taylor D. A systematic review and meta-analysis of Hypericum perforatum in depression: a comprehensive clinical review. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2001;16:239-52. View abstract.

Jakovljevic V, Popovic M, Mimica-Dukic N, et al. Pharmacodynamic study of Hypericum perforatum L. Phytomedicine 2000;7:449-53. View abstract.

Jensen AG, Hansen SH, Nielsen EO. Adhyperforin as a contributor to the effect of Hypericum perforatum L. in biochemical models of antidepressant activity. Life Sci 2001;68:1593-605. View abstract.

Hubner WD, Kirste T. Experience with St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) in children under 12 years with symptoms of depression and psychovegetative disturbances. Phytother Res 2001;15:367-70. View abstract.

Schempp CM, Muller K, Winghofer B, et al. Single-dose and steady-state administration of Hypericum perfotatum extract (St. John's wort) does not influence skin sensitivity to UV radiation, visible light, and solar-stimulated radiation. Arch Dermatol 2001;137:512-3. View abstract.

Schempp CM, Ludtke R, Winghofer B, Simon JC. Effect of topical application of hypericum perforatum extract on skin sensitivity to solar simulated radiation. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2000;16:125-8. View abstract.

Shan MD, Hu LH, Chen ZL. Three new hyperforin Analogues from Hypericum perforatum. J Nat Prod 2001;664:127-30. View abstract.

Laakmann G, Dienel A, Kieser M. Clinical significance of hyperforin for the efficacy of Hypericum extracts on depressive disorders of different severities. Phytomedicine 1998;6:435-42.

Jacobson JM, Feinman L, Liebes L, et al. Pharmacokinetics, safety, and antiviral effects of hypericin, a derivative of St. John's Wort plant, in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001;45:517-24. View abstract.

Khalifa AE. Hypericum perforatum as a nootropic drug: enhancement of retrieval memory of a passive avoidance conditioning paradigm in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2001;76:49-57. View abstract.

Moschella C, Jaber BL. Interaction between cyclosporine and Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort) after organ transplantation. Amer J Kidney Dis 2001;38:1105-7. View abstract.

Karliova M, Treichel U, Malago M, et al. Interaction of Hypericum perforatum (SJW) with cyclosporin A metabolism in a patient after liver transplantation. J Hepatol 2000;33:853-5. View abstract.

Mandelbaum A, Pertzborn F, Martin-Facklam M, Wiesel M. Unexplained decrease of cyclosporin trough levels in a compliant renal transplant patient. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2000;15:1473-4. View abstract.

Wang Z, Gorski JC, Hamman MA, et al. The effects of St. John's wort (Hyericum perforatum) on human cytochrome P450 activity. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2001;70:317-26. View abstract.

Assalian P. Sildenafil for SJW-induced sexual dysfunction. J Sex Marital Ther 2000;26:357-8. View abstract.

de Maat M, Hoetelmans R, Mathot R, et al. Drug interaction between St. John's wort and nevirapine. AIDS 2001;15:420-1. View abstract.

Richter O. Several countries issue restrictions on St. John's wort. Richter's HerbLetter 7/30/00. Available at: www.richters.com (Accessed 01 March 2002).

Schrader E. Equivalence of St. John's wort extract (Ze 117) and fluoxetine: a randomized, controlled study in mild-moderate depression. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2000;15:61-8. View abstract.

Linde K, Mulrow CD. St. John's wort for depression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;(2):CD000448. View abstract.

Ernst E, Rand JI, Barnes J, Stevinson C. Adverse effects profile of the herbal antidepressant St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.). Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1998;54:589-94. View abstract.

Taylor LH, Kobak KA. An open-label trial of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) in obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2000;61:575-8. View abstract.

Shelton RC, Keller MB, Gelenberg A, et al. Effectiveness of St. John's wort in major depression: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. JAMA 2001;285:1978-86. View abstract.

Laird RD, Webb M. Psychotic episode during use of St. John's wort. J Herb Pharmacother 2001;1:81-7.

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Brown TM. Acute St. John's wort toxicity. Am J Emerg Med 2000;18:231-2. View abstract.

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Roby CA, Anderson GD, Kantor E, et al. St. John's wort: Effect on CYP3A4 activity. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2000;67:451-7. View abstract.

Schempp CM, Winghofer B, Ludtke R, et al. Topical application of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) and its metabolite hyperforin inhibits the allostimulatory capacity of epidermal cells. Br J Dermatol 2000;142:979-84. View abstract.

Kleber E, Obry T, Hippeli S, et al. Biochemical activities of extracts from Hypericum perforatum L. 1st Communication: inhibition of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase. Arzneimittelforschung 1999;49:106-9. View abstract.

Williams JW, Mulrow CD, Chiquette E, et al. A systematic review of newer pharmacotherapies for depression in adults: Evidence report summary. Ann Intern Med 2000;132:743-56. View abstract.

Stevinson C, Ernst E. A pilot study of Hypericum perforatum for the treatment of premenstrual syndrome. BJOG 2000;107:870-6. View abstract.

Woelk H. Comparison of St. John's wort and imipramine for treating depression: randomized controlled trial. BMJ 2000;321:536-9. View abstract.

Barone GW, Gurley BJ, Ketel BL, et al. Drug interaction between St. John's wort and cyclosporin. Ann Pharmacother 2000;34:1013-6. View abstract.

Moore LB, Goodwin B, Jones SA, et al. St. John's wort induces hepatic drug metabolism through activation of the pregnane X receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000;97:7500-2. View abstract.

Cheng TO. St. John's wort interaction with digoxin [letter]. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:2548. View abstract.

Vormfelde SV, Poser W. Hyperforin in extracts of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) for depression [letter]. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:2548-9. View abstract.

Wentworth JM, Agostini M, Love J, et al. St. John's wort, a herbal antidepressant, activates the steroid X receptor. J Endocrinol 2000;166:R11-6. View abstract.

Lane-Brown MM. Photosensitivity associated with herbal preparations of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum). Med J Aust 2000;172:302. View abstract.

Lal S, Iskandar H. St. John's wort and schizophrenia. CMAJ 2000;163:262-3. View abstract.

Sindrup SH, Madsen C, Bach FW, et al. St. John's wort has no effect on pain in polyneuropathy. Pain 2000;91:361-5. View abstract.

Mathijssen RHJ, Verweij J, De Bruijn P, et al. Modulation of irinotecan (CPT-11) metabolism by St. John's wort in cancer patients. American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting, San Francisco, April 2002. Abstract 2443.

Mai I, Bauer S, Krueger H, et al. Wechselwirkungen von Johaniskraut mit tacrolismus bei nierentransplantierten patienten. Symposium Phytopharmaka VII. Forschung und Klinische Anwendung, Berlin, October, 2001.

Bhopal JS. St John's wort-induced sexual dysfunction. Can J Psychiatry 2001;46:456-457. View abstract.

Sultana D, Peindl KS, Wisner KL. Rash associated with St. John's wort treatment in premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Arch Women Ment Health 2000;3:99-101.

de los Reyes GC, Koda RT. Determining hyperforin and hypericin content in eight brands of St. John's wort. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2002;59:545-7. View abstract.

Schulz V. Incidence and clinical relevance of the interactions and side effects of Hypericum preparations. Phytomedicine 2001;8:152-60. View abstract.

Gorski JC, Hamman MA, Wang Z, et al. The effect of St. John's wort on the efficacy of oral contraceptives (abstract MPI-80). Clin Pharmacol Ther 2001;71:P25.

Hennessy M, Kelleher D, Spiers JP, et al. St Johns wort increases expression of P-glycoprotein: implications for drug interactions. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2002;53:75-82. View abstract.

Parker V, Wong AH, Boon HS, Seeman MV. Adverse reactions to St John's Wort. Can J Psychiatry 2001;46:77-9. View abstract.

Patel S, Robinson R, Burk M. Hypertensive crisis associated with St. John's Wort. Am J Med 2002;112:507-8. View abstract.

Singhal AB, Caviness VS, Begleiter AF, et al. Cerebral vasoconstriction and stroke after use of serotonergic drugs. Neurology 2002;58:130-3. View abstract.

Spinella M, Eaton LA. Hypomania induced by herbal and pharmaceutical psychotropic medicines following mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2002;16:359-67. View abstract.

Holme SA, Roberts DL. Erythroderma associated with St John's wort. Br J Dermatol 2000;143:1127-8. View abstract.

Irefin S, Sprung J. A possible cause of cardiovascular collapse during anesthesia: long-term use of St. John's Wort. J Clin Anesth 2000;12:498-9. View abstract.

Kumar V, Jaiswal AK, Singh PN, Bhattacharya SK. Anxiolytic activity of Indian Hypericum perforatum Linn: an experimental study. Indian J Exp Biol 2000;38:36-41. View abstract.

Martonfi P, Repcak M, Ciccarelli D, Garbari F. Hypericum perforatum L. - chemotype without rutin from Italy. Biochem Syst Ecol 2001;29:659-61. View abstract.

Southwell IA, Bourke CA. Seasonal variation in hypericin content of Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John's Wort). Phytochemistry 2001;56:437-41. View abstract.

Bilia AR, Bergonzi MC, Morgenni F, et al. Evaluation of chemical stability of St. John's wort commercial extract and some preparations. Int J Pharm 2001;213:199-208. View abstract.

Calapai G, Crupi A, Firenzuoli F, et al. Serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine involvement in the antidepressant action of hypericum perforatum. Pharmacopsychiatry 2001;34:45-9. View abstract.

Henderson L, Yue QY, Bergquist C, et al. St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum): drug interactions and clinical outcomes. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2002;54:349-56.. View abstract.

Schempp CM, Kirkin V, Simon-Haarhaus B, et al. Inhibition of tumour cell growth by hyperforin, a novel anticancer drug from St. John's wort that acts by induction of apoptosis. Oncogene 2002;21:1242-50.. View abstract.

Mathijssen RH, Verweij J, de Bruijn P, et al. Effects of St. John's wort on irinotecan metabolism. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002;94:1247-9.. View abstract.

Ladner DP, Klein SD, Steiner RA, Walt H. Synergistic toxicity of delta-aminolaevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX used for photodiagnosis and hypericum extract, a herbal antidepressant. Br J Dermatol 2001;144:916-8. View abstract.

Volz HP, Murck H, Kasper S, Moller HJ. St John's wort extract (LI 160) in somatoform disorders: results of a placebo-controlled trial. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2002;164:294-300. View abstract.

Ernst E. St. John's Wort supplements endanger the success of organ transplantation. Arch Surg 2002;137:316-9. View abstract.

Kasper S, Dienel A. Cluster analysis of symptoms during antidepressant treatment with Hypericum extract in mildly to moderately depressed out-patients. A meta-analysis of data from three randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2002;164:301-8. View abstract.

Wang Z, Hamman MA, Huang SM, et al. Effect of St. John's wort on the pharmacokinetics of fexofenadine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2002;71:414-20.. View abstract.

Wheatley D. Hypericum in seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Curr Med Res Opin 1999;15:33-7. View abstract.

Chan LY, Chiu PY, Lau TK. A study of hypericin-induced teratogenicity during organogenesis using a whole rat embryo culture model. Fertil Steril 2001;76:1073-4. View abstract.

Schwarz UI, Buschel B, Kirch W. Unwanted pregnancy on self-medication with St John's wort despite hormonal contraception. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2003;55:112-3. View abstract.

Anon. Final report on the safety assessment of Hypericum perforatum extract and Hypericum perforatum oil. Int J Toxicol 2001;20:31-9. View abstract.

Logan JL, Ahmed J. Critical hypokalemic renal tubular acidosis due to Sjogren's syndrome: association with the purported immune stimulant echinacea. Clin Rheumatol 2003;22:158-9. View abstract.

Mai I, Stormer E, Bauer S, et al. Impact of St John's wort treatment on the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid in renal transplant patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2003;18:819-22.. View abstract.

Groning R, Breitkreutz J, Muller RS. Physico-chemical interactions between extracts of Hypericum perforatum L. and drugs. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2003;56:231-6.. View abstract.

Sugimoto K, Ohmori M, Tsuruoka S, et al. Different effects of St John's wort on the pharmacokinetics of simvastatin and pravastatin. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2001;70:518-24.. View abstract.

Bauer S, Stormer E, Johne A, et al. Alterations in cyclosporin A pharmacokinetics and metabolism during treatment with St John's wort in renal transplant patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2003;55:203-11.. View abstract.

Markowitz JS, Donovan JL, DeVane CL, et al. Effect of St. John's wort on drug metabolism by induction of cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme. JAMA 2003;290:1500-4.. View abstract.

Hypericum Depression Trial Study Group. Effect of Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort) in major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002;287:1807-14. View abstract.

Findling RL, McNamara NK, O'Riordan MA, et al. An open-label pilot study of St. John's wort in juvenile depression. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2003;42:908-914. View abstract.

Hammerness P, Basch E, Ulbricht C, et al. St. John's wort: a systematic review of adverse effects and drug interactions for the consultation psychiatrist. Psychosomatics 2003;44:271-82. View abstract.

Rayburn WF, Gonzalez CL, Christensen HD, Stewart JD. Effect of prenatally administered hypericum (St John's wort) on growth and physical maturation of mouse offspring. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;184:191-5. View abstract.

Gurley BJ, Gardner SF, Hubbard MA, et al. Cytochrome P450 phenotypic ratios for predicting herb-drug interactions in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2002;72:276-87.. View abstract.

Foster BC, Vandenhoek S, Hana J, et al. In vitro inhibition of human cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of marker substrates by natural products. Phytomedicine 2003;10:334-42.. View abstract.

Draves AH, Walker SE. Analysis of the hypericin and pseudohypericin content of commercially available St John's Wort preparations. Can J Clin Pharmacol 2003;10:114-118.. View abstract.

Shelton RC. St John's Wort for the treatment of depression. Lancet Neurol 2002;1:275. View abstract.

Schule C, Baghai T, Ferrera A, Laakmann G. Neuroendocrine effects of Hypericum extract WS 5570 in 12 healthy male volunteers. Pharmacopsychiatry 2001;34:S127-33. View abstract.

Wilhelm KP, Biel S, Siegers CP. Role of flavonoids in controlling the phototoxicity of Hypericum perforatum extracts. Phytomedicine 2001;8:306-9. View abstract.

Kim RB. Drugs as P-glycoprotein substrates, inhibitors, and inducers. Drug Metab Rev 2002;34:47-54. View abstract.

Siepmann M, Krause S, Joraschky P, et al. The effects of St John's wort extract on heart rate variability, cognitive function and quantitative EEG: a comparison with amitriptyline and placebo in healthy men. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2002;54:277-82. View abstract.

Dean AJ, Moses GM, Vernon JM. Suspected withdrawal syndrome after cessation of St. John's wort. Ann Pharmacother 2003;37:150. View abstract.

Morimoto T, Kotegawa T, Tsutsumi K, et al. Effect of St. John's wort on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline in healthy volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol 2004;44:95-101. View abstract.

Bilia AR, Gallori S, Vincieri FF. St. John's wort and depression: efficacy, safety and tolerability-an update. Life Sci 2002;70:3077-96. View abstract.

Pfrunder A, Schiesser M, Gerber S, et al. Interaction of St John's wort with low-dose oral contraceptive therapy: a randomized controlled trial. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2003;56:683-90. View abstract.

Hall SD, Wang Z, Huang SM, et al. The interaction between St John's wort and an oral contraceptive. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2003;74:525-35. View abstract.

Frye RF, Fitzgerald SM, Lagattuta TT, et al. Effect of St. John's wort on imatinib mesylate pharmacokinetics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2004;76:323-9. View abstract.

Komoroski BJ, Zhang S, Cai H, et al. Induction and inhibition of cytochromes P450 by the St. John's wort constituent hyperforin in human hepatocyte cultures. Drug Metab Dispos 2004;32:512-8. View abstract.

Jiang X, Williams KM, Liauw WS, et al. Effect of St John's wort and ginseng on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin in healthy subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2004;57:592-9. View abstract.

Shimizu K, Nakamura M, Isse K, Nathan PJ. First-episode psychosis after taking an extract of Hypericum perforatum (St John's Wort). Hum Psychopharmacol 2004;19:275-6. View abstract.

Szegedi A, Kohnen R, Dienel A, Kieser M. Acute treatment of moderate to severe depression with hypericum extract WS 5570 (St John's wort): randomised controlled double blind non-inferiority trial versus paroxetine. BMJ 2005;330:503. View abstract.

Lau WC, Carville DGM, Guyer KE, et al. St. John's Wort Enhances the Platelet Inhibitory Effect of Clopidogrel in Clopidogrel "Resistant" Healthy Volunteers. American College of Cardiology Annual Meeting, Orlando, FL 2005: Presentation 1043-129.

Murphy PA, Kern SE, Stanczyk FZ, Westhoff CL. Interaction of St. John's Wort with oral contraceptives: effects on the pharmacokinetics of norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol, ovarian activity and breakthrough bleeding. Contraception 2005;71:402-8. View abstract.

Linde K, Knuppel L. Large-scale observational studies of hypericum extracts in patients with depressive disorders - a systematic review. Phytomedicine 2005;12:148-57. View abstract.

Linde K, Mulrow CD, Berner M, Egger M. St John's Wort for depression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005;(3):CD000448. View abstract.

Kobak KA, Taylor LV, Bystritsky A, et al. St John's wort versus placebo in obsessive-compulsive disorder: results from a double-blind study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2005;20:299-304. View abstract.

Barnes J, Barber N, Wheatley D, Williamson EM. A pilot randomised, open, uncontrolled, clinical study of two dosages of St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) herb extract (LI-160) as an aid to motivational/behavioural support in smoking cessation. Planta Med 2006;72:378-82. View abstract.

Dasgupta A, Hovanetz M, Olsen M, et al. Drug-herb interaction: effect of St John's wort on bioavailability and metabolism of procainamide in mice. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2007;131:1094-8. View abstract.

Uebelhack R, Blohmer JU, Graubaum HJ, et al. Black cohosh and St. John's wort for climacteric complaints: a randomized trial. Obstet Gynecol 2006;107(2 Pt 1):247-55. View abstract.

Dugoua JJ, Mills E, Perri D, Koren G. Safety and efficacy of St. John's wort (hypericum) during pregnancy and lactation. Can J Clin Pharmacol 2006;13:e268-76. View abstract.

Jiang X, Blair EY, McLachlan AJ. Investigation of the effects of herbal medicines on warfarin response in healthy subjects: a population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling approach. J Clin Pharmacol 2006;46:1370-8. View abstract.

Niederhofer H. St. John's wort may diminish methylphenidate's efficacy in treating patients suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Med Hypotheses 2007;68:1189. View abstract.

Karalapillai DC, Bellomo R. Convulsions associated with an overdose of St John's wort. Med J Aust 2007;186:213-4. View abstract.

Bell EC, Ravis WR, Lloyd KB, Stokes TJ. Effects of St. John's wort supplementation on ibuprofen pharmacokinetics. Ann Pharmacother 2007;41:229-34. View abstract.

Fogle RH, Murphy PA, Westhoff CL, Stanczyk FZ. Does St. John's wort interfere with the antiandrogenic effect of oral contraceptive pills? Contraception 2006;74:245-8. View abstract.

Obach RS. Inhibition of human cytochrome P450 enzymes by constituents of St. John's wort, an herbal preparation used in the treatment of depression. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2000;294:88-95. View abstract.

Chung DJ, Kim HY, Park KH, et al. Black cohosh and St. John's wort (GYNO-Plus) for climacteric symptoms. Yonsei Med J 2007;48:289-94. View abstract.

Saito YA, Rey E, Almazar-Elder AE, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of St. John's wort for treating irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 2010;105:170-7. View abstract.

Booth JN, McGwin G. The association between self-reported cataracts and St. John's Wort. Curr Eye Res 2009;34:863-6. View abstract.

Samadi S, Khadivzadeh T, Emami A, et al. The effect of Hypericum perforatum on the wound healing and scar of cesarean. J Altern Complement Med 2010;16:113-7. View abstract.

Wang LS, Zhu B, Abd El-Aty A, et al. The influence of St. John's wort on CYP2C19 activity with respect to genotype. J Clin Pharmacol 2004;44:577-81. View abstract.

Weber W, Vander Stoep A, McCarty RL, et al. Hypericum perforatum (St John's wort) for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2008;299:2633-41. View abstract.

Lee, A., Minhas, R., Matsuda, N., Lam, M., and Ito, S. The safety of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) during breastfeeding. J Clin Psychiatry 2003;64(8):966-968. View abstract.

Eich-Hochli, D., Oppliger, R., Golay, K. P., Baumann, P., and Eap, C. B. Methadone maintenance treatment and St. John's Wort - a case report. Pharmacopsychiatry 2003;36(1):35-37.

Koupparis, L. S. Harmless herbs: a cause for concern? Anaesthesia 2000;55(1):101-102. View abstract.

Crowe, S. and McKeating, K. Delayed emergence and St. John's wort. Anesthesiology 2002;96(4):1025-1027. View abstract.

Smith M, Lin KM, and Zheng YP. PIII-89 an open trial of nifedipine-herb interactions: Nifedipine with St. John's wort, ginseng or ginkgo biloba. Clin Pharm Ther 2001;69:P86.

Kawaguchi, A., Ohmori, M., Tsuruoka, S., Nishiki, K., Harada, K., Miyamori, I., Yano, R., Nakamura, T., Masada, M., and Fujimura, A. Drug interaction between St John's Wort and quazepam. Br.J.Clin Pharmacol. 2004;58(4):403-410. View abstract.

Dresser, G. K., Schwarz, U. I., Wilkinson, G. R., and Kim, R. B. Coordinate induction of both cytochrome P4503A and MDR1 by St John's wort in healthy subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2003;73(1):41-50. View abstract.

Patel, J., Buddha, B., Dey, S., Pal, D., and Mitra, A. K. In vitro interaction of the HIV protease inhibitor ritonavir with herbal constituents: changes in P-gp and CYP3A4 activity. Am.J.Ther. 2004;11(4):262-277. View abstract.

Xu, H., Williams, K. M., Liauw, W. S., Murray, M., Day, R. O., and McLachlan, A. J. Effects of St John's wort and CYP2C9 genotype on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of gliclazide. Br.J.Pharmacol. 2008;153(7):1579-1586. View abstract.

Wang, L. S., Zhou, G., Zhu, B., Wu, J., Wang, J. G., Abd El-Aty, A. M., Li, T., Liu, J., Yang, T. L., Wang, D., Zhong, X. Y., and Zhou, H. H. St John's wort induces both cytochrome P450 3A4-catalyzed sulfoxidation and 2C19-dependent hydroxylation of omeprazole. Clin Pharmacol.Ther. 2004;75(3):191-197. View abstract.

Hojo, Y., Echizenya, M., Ohkubo, T., and Shimizu, T. Drug interaction between St John's wort and zolpidem in healthy subjects. J.Clin.Pharm.Ther. 2011;36(6):711-715. View abstract.

Briese V, Stammwitz U, Friede M, Henneicke-von Zepelin HH. Black cohosh with or without St. John's wort for symptom-specific climacteric treatment--results of a large-scale, controlled, observational study. Maturitas 2007;57:405-14. View abstract.

van Die, M. D., Burger, H. G., Bone, K. M., Cohen, M. M., and Teede, H. J. Hypericum perforatum with Vitex agnus-castus in menopausal symptoms: a randomized, controlled trial. Menopause. 2009;16(1):156-163. View abstract.

Izzo, A. A. and Ernst, E. Interactions between herbal medicines and prescribed drugs: an updated systematic review. Drugs 2009;69(13):1777-1798. View abstract.

Schulz, H. U., Schurer, M., Bassler, D., and Weiser, D. Investigation of the bioavailability of hypericin, pseudohypericin, hyperforin and the flavonoids quercetin and isorhamnetin following single and multiple oral dosing of a hypericum extract containing tablet. Arzneimittelforschung. 2005;55(1):15-22. View abstract.

Kasper, S. Treatment of seasonal affective disorder (SAD) with hypericum extract. Pharmacopsychiatry 1997;30 Suppl 2:89-93. View abstract.

Grube, B., Walper, A., and Wheatley, D. St. John's Wort extract: efficacy for menopausal symptoms of psychological origin. Adv Ther 1999;16(4):177-186. View abstract.

Di, Matteo, V, Di Giovanni, G., Di Mascio, M., and Esposito, E. Effect of acute administration of hypericum perforatum-CO2 extract on dopamine and serotonin release in the rat central nervous system. Pharmacopsychiatry 2000;33(1):14-18. View abstract.

Barbenel, D. M., Yusufi, B., O'Shea, D., and Bench, C. J. Mania in a patient receiving testosterone replacement postorchidectomy taking St John's wort and sertraline. J Psychopharmacol 2000;14(1):84-86. View abstract.

Wonnemann, M., Singer, A., and Muller, W. E. Inhibition of synaptosomal uptake of 3H-L-glutamate and 3H-GABA by hyperforin, a major constituent of St. John's Wort: the role of amiloride sensitive sodium conductive pathways. Neuropsychopharmacology 2000;23(2):188-197. View abstract.

Nathan, P. J. Hypericum perforatum (St John's Wort): a non-selective reuptake inhibitor? A review of the recent advances in its pharmacology. J Psychopharmacol. 2001;15(1):47-54. View abstract.

Ratz, A. E., von Moos, M., and Drewe, J. [St. John's wort: a pharmaceutical with potentially dangerous interactions]. Schweiz Rundsch.Med Prax. 5-10-2001;90(19):843-849. View abstract.

Kalb, R., Trautmann-Sponsel, R. D., and Kieser, M. Efficacy and tolerability of hypericum extract WS 5572 versus placebo in mildly to moderately depressed patients. A randomized double-blind multicenter clinical trial. Pharmacopsychiatry 2001;34(3):96-103. View abstract.

Hunt, E. J., Lester, C. E., Lester, E. A., and Tackett, R. L. Effect of St. John's wort on free radical production. Life Sci 6-1-2001;69(2):181-190. View abstract.

Guzelcan, Y., Scholte, W. F., Assies, J., and Becker, H. E. [Mania during the use of a combination preparation with St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum)]. Ned.Tijdschr.Geneeskd. 10-6-2001;145(40):1943-1945. View abstract.

Davidson, J. R. and Connor, K. M. St. John's wort in generalized anxiety disorder: three case reports. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2001;21(6):635-636. View abstract.

van Gurp, G., Meterissian, G. B., Haiek, L. N., McCusker, J., and Bellavance, F. St John's wort or sertraline? Randomized controlled trial in primary care. Can Fam Physician 2002;48:905-912. View abstract.

Lecrubier, Y., Clerc, G., Didi, R., and Kieser, M. Efficacy of St. John's wort extract WS 5570 in major depression: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry 2002;159(8):1361-1366. View abstract.

Schempp, C. M., Winghofer, B., Muller, K., Schulte-Monting, J., Mannel, M., Schopf, E., and Simon, J. C. Effect of oral administration of Hypericum perforatum extract (St. John's Wort) on skin erythema and pigmentation induced by UVB, UVA, visible light and solar simulated radiation. Phytother Res 2003;17(2):141-146. View abstract.

Zullino, D. and Borgeat, F. Hypertension induced by St. John's Wort - a case report. Pharmacopsychiatry 2003;36(1):32. View abstract.

Degar, S., Prince, A. M., Pascual, D., Lavie, G., Levin, B., Mazur, Y., Lavie, D., Ehrlich, L. S., Carter, C., and Meruelo, D. Inactivation of the human immunodeficiency virus by hypericin: evidence for photochemical alterations of p24 and a block in uncoating. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 1992;8(11):1929-1936. View abstract.

Hostanska, K., Reichling, J., Bommer, S., Weber, M., and Saller, R. Hyperforin a constituent of St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) extract induces apoptosis by triggering activation of caspases and with hypericin synergistically exerts cytotoxicity towards human malignant cell lines. Eur.J Pharm Biopharm. 2003;56(1):121-132. View abstract.

Di Carlo, G., Nuzzo, I., Capasso, R., Sanges, M. R., Galdiero, E., Capasso, F., and Carratelli, C. R. Modulation of apoptosis in mice treated with Echinacea and St. John's wort. Pharmacol Res 2003;48(3):273-277. View abstract.

Kobak, K. A., Taylor, L., Futterer, R., and Warner, G. St. John's wort in generalized anxiety disorder: three more case reports. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2003;23(5):531-532. View abstract.

Wright, C. W., Gott, M., Grayson, B., Hanna, M., Smith, A. G., Sunter, A., and Neill, J. C. Correlation of hyperforin content of Hypericum perforatum (St John's Wort) extracts with their effects on alcohol drinking in C57BL/6J mice: a preliminary study. J Psychopharmacol. 2003;17(4):403-408. View abstract.

Cui, Y., Ang, C. Y., Beger, R. D., Heinze, T. M., Hu, L., and Leakey, J. In vitro metabolism of hyperforin in rat liver microsomal systems. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004;32(1):28-34. View abstract.

Feisst, C. and Werz, O. Suppression of receptor-mediated Ca2+ mobilization and functional leukocyte responses by hyperforin. Biochem Pharmacol 4-15-2004;67(8):1531-1539. View abstract.

Werneke, U., Horn, O., and Taylor, D. M. How effective is St John's wort? The evidence revisited. J Clin.Psychiatry 2004;65(5):611-617. View abstract.

Roder, C., Schaefer, M., and Leucht, S. [Meta-analysis of effectiveness and tolerability of treatment of mild to moderate depression with St. John's Wort]. Fortschr.Neurol.Psychiatr. 2004;72(6):330-343. View abstract.

Muller, T., Mannel, M., Murck, H., and Rahlfs, V. W. Treatment of somatoform disorders with St. John's wort: a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial. Psychosom.Med. 2004;66(4):538-547. View abstract.

Gobbi, M., Moia, M., Funicello, M., Riva, A., Morazzoni, P., and Mennini, T. In vitro effects of the dicyclohexylammonium salt of hyperforin on interleukin-6 release in different experimental models. Planta Med 2004;70(7):680-682. View abstract.

Dona, M., Dell'Aica, I., Pezzato, E., Sartor, L., Calabrese, F., Della, Barbera M., Donella-Deana, A., Appendino, G., Borsarini, A., Caniato, R., and Garbisa, S. Hyperforin inhibits cancer invasion and metastasis. Cancer Res 9-1-2004;64(17):6225-6232. View abstract.

Zhou, C., Tabb, M. M., Sadatrafiei, A., Grun, F., Sun, A., and Blumberg, B. Hyperforin, the active component of St. John's wort, induces IL-8 expression in human intestinal epithelial cells via a MAPK-dependent, NF-kappaB-independent pathway. J Clin.Immunol. 2004;24(6):623-636. View abstract.

Kobak, K. A., Taylor, L. V., Warner, G., and Futterer, R. St. John's wort versus placebo in social phobia: results from a placebo-controlled pilot study. J.Clin Psychopharmacol. 2005;25(1):51-58. View abstract.

Winkler, C., Wirleitner, B., Schroecksnadel, K., Schennach, H., and Fuchs, D. St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) counteracts cytokine-induced tryptophan catabolism in vitro. Biol.Chem 2004;385(12):1197-1202. View abstract.

Pajonk, F., Scholber, J., and Fiebich, B. Hypericin-an inhibitor of proteasome function. Cancer Chemother.Pharmacol 2005;55(5):439-446. View abstract.

Hicks, S. M., Walker, A. F., Gallagher, J., Middleton, R. W., and Wright, J. The significance of "nonsignificance" in randomized controlled studies: a discussion inspired by a double-blinded study on St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) for premenstrual symptoms. J.Altern.Complement Med. 2004;10(6):925-932. View abstract.

Linde, K., Berner, M., Egger, M., and Mulrow, C. St John's wort for depression: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br.J Psychiatry 2005;186:99-107. View abstract.

Simeon, J., Nixon, M. K., Milin, R., Jovanovic, R., and Walker, S. Open-label pilot study of St. John's wort in adolescent depression. J Child Adolesc.Psychopharmacol. 2005;15(2):293-301. View abstract.

Nanayakkara, P. W., Meijboom, M., and Schouten, J. A. [Suicidal and aggressive thoughts as a result of taking a Hypericum preparation (St. John's wort)]. Ned.Tijdschr.Geneeskd. 6-11-2005;149(24):1347-1349. View abstract.

Fava, M., Alpert, J., Nierenberg, A. A., Mischoulon, D., Otto, M. W., Zajecka, J., Murck, H., and Rosenbaum, J. F. A Double-blind, randomized trial of St John's wort, fluoxetine, and placebo in major depressive disorder. J.Clin.Psychopharmacol. 2005;25(5):441-447. View abstract.

Hudson, J. B., Lopez-Bazzocchi, I., and Towers, G. H. Antiviral activities of hypericin. Antiviral Res 1991;15(2):101-112. View abstract.

Gastpar, M., Singer, A., and Zeller, K. Comparative efficacy and safety of a once-daily dosage of hypericum extract STW3-VI and citalopram in patients with moderate depression: a double-blind, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled study. Pharmacopsychiatry 2006;39(2):66-75. View abstract.

Lopez-Bazzocchi, I., Hudson, J. B., and Towers, G. H. Antiviral activity of the photoactive plant pigment hypericin. Photochem.Photobiol. 1991;54(1):95-98. View abstract.

Schinazi, R. F., Chu, C. K., Babu, J. R., Oswald, B. J., Saalmann, V., Cannon, D. L., Eriksson, B. F., and Nasr, M. Anthraquinones as a new class of antiviral agents against human immunodeficiency virus. Antiviral Res 1990;13(5):265-272. View abstract.

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Carpenter, S. and Kraus, G. A. Photosensitization is required for inactivation of equine infectious anemia virus by hypericin. Photochem.Photobiol. 1991;53(2):169-174. View abstract.

Cappuzzo, K. A. Herbal product use in a patient with polypharmacy. Consult Pharm. 2006;21(11):911-915. View abstract.

Papakostas, G. I., Crawford, C. M., Scalia, M. J., and Fava, M. Timing of clinical improvement and symptom resolution in the treatment of major depressive disorder. A replication of findings with the use of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of Hypericum perforatum versus fluoxetine. Neuropsychobiology 2007;56(2-3):132-137. View abstract.

Sardella, A., Lodi, G., Demarosi, F., Tarozzi, M., Canegallo, L., and Carrassi, A. Hypericum perforatum extract in burning mouth syndrome: a randomized placebo-controlled study. J.Oral Pathol.Med. 2008;37(7):395-401. View abstract.

Etogo-Asse, F., Boemer, F., Sempoux, C., and Geubel, A. Acute hepatitis with prolonged cholestasis and disappearance of interlobular bile ducts following tibolone and Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort). Case of drug interaction? Acta Gastroenterol.Belg. 2008;71(1):36-38. View abstract.

Andreescu, C., Mulsant, B. H., and Emanuel, J. E. Complementary and alternative medicine in the treatment of bipolar disorder--a review of the evidence. J.Affect.Disord. 2008;110(1-2):16-26. View abstract.

Kasper, S., Volz, H. P., Moller, H. J., Dienel, A., and Kieser, M. Continuation and long-term maintenance treatment with Hypericum extract WS 5570 after recovery from an acute episode of moderate depression--a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled long-term trial. Eur.Neuropsychopharmacol. 2008;18(11):803-813. View abstract.

Linde, K., Berner, M. M., and Kriston, L. St John's wort for major depression. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2008;(4):CD000448. View abstract.

Rahimi, R., Nikfar, S., and Abdollahi, M. Efficacy and tolerability of Hypericum perforatum in major depressive disorder in comparison with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: a meta-analysis. Prog.Neuropsychopharmacol.Biol.Psychiatry 2-1-2009;33(1):118-127. View abstract.

Al-Akoum, M., Maunsell, E., Verreault, R., Provencher, L., Otis, H., and Dodin, S. Effects of Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort) on hot flashes and quality of life in perimenopausal women: a randomized pilot trial. Menopause. 2009;16(2):307-314. View abstract.

Brattstrom, A. Long-term effects of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) treatment: a 1-year safety study in mild to moderate depression. Phytomedicine. 2009;16(4):277-283. View abstract.

Canning, S., Waterman, M., Orsi, N., Ayres, J., Simpson, N., and Dye, L. The efficacy of Hypericum perforatum (St John's wort) for the treatment of premenstrual syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. CNS.Drugs 2010;24(3):207-225. View abstract.

Kasper, S., Gastpar, M., Moller, H. J., Muller, W. E., Volz, H. P., Dienel, A., and Kieser, M. Better tolerability of St. John's wort extract WS 5570 compared to treatment with SSRIs: a reanalysis of data from controlled clinical trials in acute major depression. Int.Clin.Psychopharmacol. 2010;25(4):204-213. View abstract.

Berlanda, J., Kiesslich, T., Engelhardt, V., Krammer, B., and Plaetzer, K. Comparative in vitro study on the characteristics of different photosensitizers employed in PDT. J.Photochem.Photobiol.B 9-2-2010;100(3):173-180. View abstract.

Bancirova, M. and Lasovsky, J. The photodynamic effect: the comparison of chemiexcitation by luminol and phthalhydrazide. Luminescence. 2011;26(6):410-415. View abstract.

Ghazanfarpour, M., Kaviani, M., Asadi, N., Ghaffarpasand, F., Ziyadlou, S., Tabatabaee, H. R., and Dehghankhalili, M. Hypericum perforatum for the treatment of premenstrual syndrome. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2011;113(1):84-85. View abstract.

Couldwell, W. T., Surnock, A. A., Tobia, A. J., Cabana, B. E., Stillerman, C. B., Forsyth, P. A., Appley, A. J., Spence, A. M., Hinton, D. R., and Chen, T. C. A phase 1/2 study of orally administered synthetic hypericin for treatment of recurrent malignant gliomas. Cancer 11-1-2011;117(21):4905-4915. View abstract.

Van Strater, A. C. and Bogers, J. P. Interaction of St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) with clozapine. Int.Clin.Psychopharmacol. 2012;27(2):121-124. View abstract.

Clewell, A., Barnes, M., Endres, J. R., Ahmed, M., and Ghambeer, D. K. Efficacy and tolerability assessment of a topical formulation containing copper sulfate and hypericum perforatum on patients with herpes skin lesions: a comparative, randomized controlled trial. J.Drugs Dermatol. 2012;11(2):209-215. View abstract.

Najafizadeh, P., Hashemian, F., Mansouri, P., Farshi, S., Surmaghi, M. S., and Chalangari, R. The evaluation of the clinical effect of topical St Johns wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) in plaque type psoriasis vulgaris: a pilot study. Australas.J.Dermatol. 2012;53(2):131-135. View abstract.

Lavie, G., Valentine, F., Levin, B., Mazur, Y., Gallo, G., Lavie, D., Weiner, D., and Meruelo, D. Studies of the mechanisms of action of the antiretroviral agents hypericin and pseudohypericin. Proc Natl.Acad.Sci U.S.A 1989;86(15):5963-5967. View abstract.

Meruelo, D., Lavie, G., and Lavie, D. Therapeutic agents with dramatic antiretroviral activity and little toxicity at effective doses: aromatic polycyclic diones hypericin and pseudohypericin. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci U.S.A 1988;85(14):5230-5234. View abstract.

Suzuki, O., Katsumata, Y., Oya, M., Bladt, S., and Wagner, H. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase by hypericin. Planta Med 1984;50(3):272-274. View abstract.

Couldwell, W. T., Gopalakrishna, R., Hinton, D. R., He, S., Weiss, M. H., Law, R. E., Apuzzo, M. L., and Law, R. E. Hypericin: a potential antiglioma therapy. Neurosurgery 1994;35(4):705-710. View abstract.

Harrer, G., Hubner, W. D., and Podzuweit, H. Effectiveness and tolerance of the hypericum extract LI 160 compared to maprotiline: a multicenter double-blind study. J.Geriatr.Psychiatry Neurol. 1994;7 Suppl 1:S24-S28. View abstract.

Martinez, B., Kasper, S., Ruhrmann, S., and Moller, H. J. Hypericum in the treatment of seasonal affective disorders. J Geriatr.Psychiatry Neurol. 1994;7 Suppl 1:S29-S33. View abstract.

Staffeldt, B., Kerb, R., Brockmoller, J., Ploch, M., and Roots, I. Pharmacokinetics of hypericin and pseudohypericin after oral intake of the hypericum perforatum extract LI 160 in healthy volunteers. J Geriatr.Psychiatry Neurol. 1994;7 Suppl 1:S47-S53. View abstract.

Thiede, H. M. and Walper, A. Inhibition of MAO and COMT by hypericum extracts and hypericin. J Geriatr.Psychiatry Neurol. 1994;7 Suppl 1:S54-S56. View abstract.

Bladt, S. and Wagner, H. Inhibition of MAO by fractions and constituents of hypericum extract. J Geriatr.Psychiatry Neurol. 1994;7 Suppl 1:S57-S59. View abstract.

Thiele, B., Brink, I., and Ploch, M. Modulation of cytokine expression by hypericum extract. J Geriatr.Psychiatry Neurol. 1994;7 Suppl 1:S60-S62. View abstract.

Hudson, J. B., Graham, E. A., and Towers, G. H. Antiviral assays on phytochemicals: the influence of reaction parameters. Planta Med. 1994;60(4):329-332. View abstract.

Cohen, P. A., Hudson, J. B., and Towers, G. H. Antiviral activities of anthraquinones, bianthrones and hypericin derivatives from lichens. Experientia 2-15-1996;52(3):180-183. View abstract.

Kerb, R., Brockmoller, J., Staffeldt, B., Ploch, M., and Roots, I. Single-dose and steady-state pharmacokinetics of hypericin and pseudohypericin. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. 1996;40(9):2087-2093. View abstract.

Müller WE, Rolli, M., Schafer, C., and Hafner, U. Effects of hypericum extract (LI 160) in biochemical models of antidepressant activity. Pharmacopsychiatry 1997;30 Suppl 2:102-107. View abstract.

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Butterweck, V., Wall, A., Lieflander-Wulf, U., Winterhoff, H., and Nahrstedt, A. Effects of the total extract and fractions of Hypericum perforatum in animal assays for antidepressant activity. Pharmacopsychiatry 1997;30 Suppl 2:117-124. View abstract.

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