Scarpignato C, Rampal P. Prevention and treatment of traveler's diarrhea: A clinical pharmacological approach. Chemotherapy 1995;41:48-81. View abstract.

Bassetti S, Frei R, Zimmerli W. Fungemia with Saccharomyces cerevisiae after treatment with Saccharomyces boulardii. Am J Med 1998;105:71-2. View abstract.

Niault M, Thomas F, Prost J, et al. Fungemia due to Saccharomyces species in a patient treated with enteral Saccharomyces boulardii. Clin Infect Dis 1999;28:930. View abstract.

McCullough MJ, Clemons KV, McCusker JH, Stevens DA. Species identification and virulence attributes of Saccharomyces boulardii (nom. inval.). J Clin Microbiol 1998;36:2613-7. View abstract.

McFarland LV. Saccharomyces boulardii is not Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Clin Infect Dis 1996;22:200-1. View abstract.

Saavedra J. Probiotics and infectious diarrhea. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:S16-8. View abstract.

Castagliuolo I, Riegler MF, Valenick L, et al. Saccharomyces boulardii protease inhibits the effects of clostridium difficile toxins A and B in human colonic mucosa. Infection and Immun 1999;67:302-7. View abstract.

Bleichner G, Blehaut H, Mentec H, et al. Saccharomyces boulardii prevents diarrhea in critically ill tube-fed patients. Intensive Care Med 1997;23:517-23. View abstract.

Lewis SJ, Potts LF, Barry RE. The lack of therapeutic effect of Saccharomyces boulardii in the prevention of antibiotic-related diarrhea in elderly patients. J Infect 1998;36:171-4. View abstract.

Elmer GW, McFarland LV. Comment on the lack of therapeutic effect of Saccharomyces boulardii in the prevention of antibiotic-related diarrhea in elderly patients. J Infect 1998;37:307-8. View abstract.

McFarland LV, Surawicz CM, Greenberg RN, et al. A randomized placebo-controlled trial of Saccharomyces boulardii in combination with standard antibiotics for Clostridium difficile disease. JAMA 1994;271:1913-8. View abstract.

McFarland LV, Surawicz CM, Greenberg RN, et al. Prevention of beta-lactam associated diarrhea by Saccharomyces boulardii compared with placebo. Am J Gastroenterol 1995;90:439-48. View abstract.

Surawicz CM, McFarland LV, Elmer G, et al. Treatment of recurrent clostridium difficile colitis with vancomycin and Saccharomyces boulardii. Am J Gastroenterol 1989;84:1285-7. View abstract.

Buts JP, Corthier G, Delmee M. Saccharomyces boulardii for Clostridium difficile-associated enteropathies in infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1993;16:419-25. View abstract.

Pletinex M, Legein J, Vandenplas Y. Fungemia with Saccharomyces boulardii in a 1-year-old girl with protracted diarrhea. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1995;21:113-5. View abstract.

Fredenucci I, Chomarat M, Boucaud C, et al. Saccharomyces boulardii fungemia in a patient receiving ultra-levure therapy. Clin Infect Dis 1998;27:222-3. View abstract.

Elmer GW, McFarland LV, Surawicz CM, et al. Behaviour of Saccharomyces boulardii in recurrent Clostridium difficile disease patients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999;13:1663-8. View abstract.

Czerucka D, Roux I, Rampal P. Saccharomyces boulardii inhibits secretagogue-mediated adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate induction in intestinal cells. Gastroenterol 1994;106:65-72. View abstract.

Krammer M, Karbach U. Antidiarrheal action of the yeast Saccharomyces boulardii in the rat small and large intestine by stimulating chloride absorption. Z Gastroenterol 1993;31:73-7.

Lewis SJ, Freedman AR. Review article: the use of biotherapeutic agents in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1998;12:807-22. View abstract.

Weber G, Adamczyk A, Freytag S. [Treatment of acne with a yeast preparation]. Fortschr Med 1989;107:563-6. View abstract.

Cesaro S, Chinello P, Rossi L, Zanesco L. Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia in a neutropenic patient treated with Saccharomyces boulardii. Support Care Cancer 2000;8:504-5. View abstract.

Hennequin C, Thierry A, Richard GF, et al. Microsatellite typing as a new tool for identification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. J Clin Microbiol 2001;39:551-9. View abstract.

Plein K, Hotz J. Therapeutic effects of Saccharomyces boulardii on mild residual symptoms in a stable phase of Crohn's disease with special respect to chronic diarrhea - a pilot study. Z Gastroenterol 1993;31:129-34. View abstract.

Muller J, Remus N, Harms KH. Mycoserological study of the treatment of paediatric cystic fibrosis patients with Saccharomyces boulardii (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hansen CBS 5926). Mycoses 1995;38:119-23. View abstract.

D'Souza AL, Rajkumar C, Cooke J, Bulpitt CJ. Probiotics in prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhoea: meta-analysis. BMJ 2002;324:1361. View abstract.

Cremonini F, Di Caro S, Covino M, et al. Effect of different probiotic preparations on anti-helicobacter pylori therapy-related side effects: a parallel group, triple blind, placebo-controlled study. Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97:2744-9. View abstract.

Borriello SP, Hammes WP, Holzapfel W, et al. Safety of probiotics that contain lactobacilli or bifidobacteria. Clin Infect Dis 2003;36:775-80. View abstract.

Marteau P, Seksik P. Tolerance of probiotics and prebiotics. J Clin Gastroenterol 2004;38:S67-9. View abstract.

McFarland LV. Meta-analysis of probiotics for the prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhea and the treatment of Clostridium difficile disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:812-22. View abstract.

Guslandi M, Mezzi G, Sorghi M, Testoni PA. Saccharomyces boulardii in maintenance treatment of Crohn's disease. Dig Dis Sci 2000;45:1462-4. View abstract.

Guslandi M, Giollo P, Testoni PA. A pilot trial of Saccharomyces boulardii in ulcerative colitis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2003;15:697-8. View abstract.

Can M, Besirbellioglu BA, Avci IY, et al. Prophylactic Saccharomyces boulardii in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea: A prospective study. Med Sci Monit 2006;12:PI19-22. View abstract.

Szajewska H, Mrukowicz J. Meta-analysis: non-pathogenic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005;22:365-72. View abstract.

Munoz P, Bouza E, Cuenca-Estrella M, et al. Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia: an emerging infectious disease. Clin Infect Dis 2005;40:1625-34. View abstract.

Johnston BC, Ma SSY, Goldenberg JZ, et al. Probiotics for the prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. Ann Intern Med 2012;157:878-8. View abstract.

Surawicz, C. M., McFarland, L. V., Greenberg, R. N., Rubin, M., Fekety, R., Mulligan, M. E., Garcia, R. J., Brandmarker, S., Bowen, K., Borjal, D., and Elmer, G. W. The search for a better treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile disease: use of high-dose vancomycin combined with Saccharomyces boulardii. Clin.Infect.Dis. 2000;31(4):1012-1017. View abstract.

Shanahan, F. Probiotics in inflamatory bowel disease. Gut 2001;48(5):609. View abstract.

Tasteyre, A., Barc, M. C., Karjalainen, T., Bourlioux, P., and Collignon, A. Inhibition of in vitro cell adherence of Clostridium difficile by Saccharomyces boulardii. Microb.Pathog. 2002;32(5):219-225. View abstract.

Lherm, T., Monet, C., Nougiere, B., Soulier, M., Larbi, D., Le Gall, C., Caen, D., and Malbrunot, C. Seven cases of fungemia with Saccharomyces boulardii in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 2002;28(6):797-801. View abstract.

Cremonini, F., Di Caro, S., Santarelli, L., Gabrielli, M., Candelli, M., Nista, E. C., Lupascu, A., Gasbarrini, G., and Gasbarrini, A. Probiotics in antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. Dig.Liver Dis. 2002;34 Suppl 2:S78-S80. View abstract.

Riquelme, A. J., Calvo, M. A., Guzman, A. M., Depix, M. S., Garcia, P., Perez, C., Arrese, M., and Labarca, J. A. Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia after Saccharomyces boulardii treatment in immunocompromised patients. J Clin.Gastroenterol. 2003;36(1):41-43. View abstract.

Mansour-Ghanaei, F., Dehbashi, N., Yazdanparast, K., and Shafaghi, A. Efficacy of saccharomyces boulardii with antibiotics in acute amoebiasis. World J Gastroenterol. 2003;9(8):1832-1833. View abstract.

Gaon, D., Garcia, H., Winter, L., Rodriguez, N., Quintas, R., Gonzalez, S. N., and Oliver, G. Effect of Lactobacillus strains and Saccharomyces boulardii on persistent diarrhea in children. Medicina (B Aires) 2003;63(4):293-298. View abstract.

Costalos, C., Skouteri, V., Gounaris, A., Sevastiadou, S., Triandafilidou, A., Ekonomidou, C., Kontaxaki, F., and Petrochilou, V. Enteral feeding of premature infants with Saccharomyces boulardii. Early Hum.Dev. 2003;74(2):89-96. View abstract.

Erdeve, O., Tiras, U., and Dallar, Y. The probiotic effect of Saccharomyces boulardii in a pediatric age group. J Trop.Pediatr. 2004;50(4):234-236. View abstract.

Cherifi, S., Robberecht, J., and Miendje, Y. Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia in an elderly patient with Clostridium difficile colitis. Acta Clin Belg. 2004;59(4):223-224. View abstract.

Kotowska, M., Albrecht, P., and Szajewska, H. Saccharomyces boulardii in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in children: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Aliment.Pharmacol.Ther. 3-1-2005;21(5):583-590. View abstract.

Kurugol, Z. and Koturoglu, G. Effects of Saccharomyces boulardii in children with acute diarrhoea. Acta Paediatr. 2005;94(1):44-47. View abstract.

Surawicz, C. M. Treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile-associated disease. Nat Clin Pract.Gastroenterol.Hepatol. 2004;1(1):32-38. View abstract.

Duman, D. G., Bor, S., Ozutemiz, O., Sahin, T., Oguz, D., Istan, F., Vural, T., Sandkci, M., Isksal, F., Simsek, I., Soyturk, M., Arslan, S., Sivri, B., Soykan, I., Temizkan, A., Bessk, F., Kaymakoglu, S., and Kalayc, C. Efficacy and safety of Saccharomyces boulardii in prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea due to Helicobacterpylori eradication. Eur J Gastroenterol.Hepatol. 2005;17(12):1357-1361. View abstract.

Saint-Marc, T., Rossello-Prats, L., and Touraine, J. L. [Efficacy of Saccharomyces boulardii in the treatment of diarrhea in AIDS]. Ann Med Interne (Paris) 1991;142(1):64-65. View abstract.

Kimmey, M. B., Elmer, G. W., Surawicz, C. M., and McFarland, L. V. Prevention of further recurrences of Clostridium difficile colitis with Saccharomyces boulardii. Dig.Dis Sci 1990;35(7):897-901. View abstract.

Chapoy, P. [Treatment of acute infantile diarrhea: controlled trial of Saccharomyces boulardii]. Ann Pediatr.(Paris) 1985;32(6):561-563. View abstract.

Tempe, J. D., Steidel, A. L., Blehaut, H., Hasselmann, M., Lutun, P., and Maurier, F. [Prevention of diarrhea administering Saccharomyces boulardii during continuous enteral feeding]. Sem.Hop. 5-5-1983;59(18):1409-1412. View abstract.

Kollaritsch, H., Holst, H., Grobara, P., and Wiedermann, G. [Prevention of traveler's diarrhea with Saccharomyces boulardii. Results of a placebo controlled double-blind study]. Fortschr.Med 3-30-1993;111(9):152-156. View abstract.

Born, P., Lersch, C., Zimmerhackl, B., and Classen, M. [The Saccharomyces boulardii therapy of HIV-associated diarrhea]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 5-21-1993;118(20):765. View abstract.

Kirchhelle, A., Fruhwein, N., and Toburen, D. [Treatment of persistent diarrhea with S. boulardii in returning travelers. Results of a prospective study]. Fortschr Med 4-20-1996;114(11):136-140. View abstract.

Castagliuolo, I., LaMont, J. T., Nikulasson, S. T., and Pothoulakis, C. Saccharomyces boulardii protease inhibits Clostridium difficile toxin A effects in the rat ileum. Infect.Immun. 1996;64(12):5225-5232. View abstract.

McFarland LV, SurawiczCM, Elmer GW, and et al. Multivariate analysis of the clinical efficacy of a biotherapeutic agent, Saccharomyces boulardii for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea [abstract]. Am J Epidemiol 1993;138:649.

Adam J, Barret C, Barret-Bellet A, and et al. Essais cliniques controles en double insu de l'Ultra-Levure Lyophilisee. Etude multicentrique par 25 medecins de 388 cas. Gaz Med Fr 1977;84:2072-2078.

Cetina-Sauri G and Basto GS. Evaluacion terapeutica de Saccharomyces boulardii en ninos con diarrea aguda. Tribuna Med 1989;56:111-115.

Chouraqui JP, Dietsch J, Musial C, and et al. Saccharomyces boulardii (SB) in the management of toddler diarrhea: a double-blind-placebo controlled study [abstract]. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1995;20(4):463.

McFarland LV, Surawicz C, Greenberg R, and et al. Saccharomyces boulardii and high dose vancomycin treats recurrent Clostridium difficile disease [abstract]. Am J Gastroenterol 1998;93(9):1694.

Saint-Marc T, Blehaut H, Musial C, and et al. [AIDS-related diarrhea: a double-blind trial of Saccharomyces boulardii]. Semaine Des Hopitaux 1995;71(23-24):735-741.

Maupas JL, Champemont P, and Delforge M. [Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with Saccharomyces boulardii - a double-blind, placebo controlled study]. Médicine et Chirurgie Digestives 1983;12(1):77-79.

Potts L, Lewis SJ, and Barry R. Randomised double blind placebo controlled study of the ability of Saccharomyces boulardii to prevent antibiotic related diarrhoea [abstract]. Gut 1996;38 (suppl 1):A61.

Elmer GW, Moyer KA, Vega R, and et al. Evaluation of Saccharomyces boulardii for patients with HIV-related chronic diarrhoea and in healthy volunteers receiving antifungals. Microecology Ther 1995;25:23-31.

Hempel S, Newberry SJ, Maher AR, Wang Z, Miles JN, Shanman R, Johnsen B, Shekelle PG. Probiotics for the prevention and treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2012 9;307(18):1959-69. View abstract.

Videlock EJ, Cremonini F. Meta-analysis: probiotics in antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012;35(12):1355-69. View abstract.

Roberfroid MB. Prebiotics and probiotics: are they functional foods? Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71(6 Suppl):1682S-7S; discussion 1688S-90S. View abstract.

Serce O, Gursoy T, Ovali F, Karatekin G. Effects of Saccaromyces boulardii on neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Perinatol. 2015;30(2):137-142. View abstract.

Bourreille A, et al. Saccharomyces boulardii does not prevent relapse of Crohn's disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;11(8):982-987.

Bafutto M, et al. Treatment of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome with mesalamine and/or Saccharomyces boulardii. Arq Gastroenterol. 2013;50(4):304-309. View abstract.

Ellouze O, Berthoud V, Mervant M, Parthiot JP, Girard C. Septic shock due to Sacccaromyces boulardii. Med Mal Infect. 2016;46(2):104-105. View abstract.

Szajewska H, Kolodziej M. Systematic review with meta-analysis: Saccharomyces boulardii in the prevention of antibiotic -associated diarrhoea. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015;42(7):793-801. View abstract.

Szajewska H, Horvath A, Kolodziej M. Systematic review with meta-analysis: Saccharomyces boulardii supplementation and eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015;41(12):1237-1245. View abstract.

Feizizadeh S, Salehi-Abargouei A, Akbari V. Efficacy and safety of Saccharomyces boulardii for acute diarrhea. Pediatrics. 2014;134(1):e176-191. View abstract.

Goldenberg JZ, Lytvyn L, Steurich J, Parkin P, Mahant S, Johnston BC. Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(12):CD004827. View abstract.

Das S, Gupta PK, Das RR. Efficacy and Safety of Saccharomyces boulardii in Acute Rotavirus Diarrhea: Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial from a Developing Country. J Trop Pediatr. 2016;62(6):464-470. View abstract.

Al Faleh K, Anabrees J. Probiotics for prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(4):CD005496. View abstract.

Blaabjerg S, Artzi DM, Aabenhus R. Probiotics for the Prevention of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea in Outpatients-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Antibiotics (Basel). 2017;6(4). View abstract.

Chang HY, Chen JH, Chang JH, Lin HC, Lin CY, Peng CC. Multiple strains probiotics appear to be the most effective probiotics in the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis and mortality: An updated meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2017;12(2):e0171579. View abstract.

Appel-da-Silva MC, Narvaez GA, Perez LRR, Drehmer L, Lewgoy J. Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii fungemia following probiotic treatment. Med Mycol Case Rep. 2017;18:15-7. View abstract.

Atici S, Soysal A, Karadeniz Cerit K, et al. Catheter-related Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fungemia Following Saccharomyces boulardii Probiotic Treatment: In a child in intensive care unit and review of the literature. Med Mycol Case Rep. 2017;15:33-35. View abstract.

Choi CH, Jo SY, Park HJ, Chang SK, Byeon JS, Myung SJ. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial of Saccharomyces boulardii in irritable bowel syndrome: effect on quality of life. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2011;45(8):679-83. View abstract.

Martin IW, Tonner R, Trivedi J, et al. Saccharomyces boulardii probiotic-associated fungemia: questioning the safety of this preventive probiotic's use. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2017;87(3):286-8. View abstract.

Pozzoni P, Riva A, Bellatorre AG, et al. Saccharomyces boulardii for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in adult hospitalized patients: a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Gastroenterol 2012;107(6):922-31. View abstract.

Romanio MR, Coraine LA, Maielo VP, Abramczyc ML, Souza RL, Oliveira NF. Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia in a pediatric patient after treatment with probiotics. Rev Paul Pediatr 2017;35(3):361-4. View abstract.

Roy U, Jessani LG, Rudramurthy SM, et al. Seven cases of Saccharomyces fungaemia related to use of probiotics. Mycoses 2017;60(6):375-380. View abstract.

Lau CS, Chamberlain RS. Probiotics are effective at preventing Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Gen Med. 2016;9:27-37. View abstract.

Goldenberg JZ, Ma SS, Saxton JD, et al. Probiotics for the prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in adults and children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(5):CD006095. View abstract.

Cohen SH, Gerding DN, Johnson S, et al.; Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America; Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical practice guidelines for Clostridium difficile infection in adults: 2010 update by the society for healthcare epidemiology of America (SHEA) and the infectious diseases society of America (IDSA). Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2010;31(5):431-55. View abstract.

- Corrêa NB, Penna FJ, Lima FM, Nicoli JR, Filho LA. Treatment of acute diarrhea with Saccharomyces boulardii in infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011;53(5):497-501. View abstract.

Riaz M, Alam S, Malik A, Ali SM. Efficacy and safety of Saccharomyces boulardii in acute childhood diarrhea: a double blind randomised controlled trial. Indian J Pediatr 2012;79(4):478-82. View abstract.

Suganthi V, Das AG. Role of Saccharomyces boulardii in reduction of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. J Clin Diagn Res 2016;10(11):SC12-SC15. View abstract.

Remenova T, Morand O, Amato D, Chadha-Boreham H, Tsurutani S, Marquardt T. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial studying the effects of Saccharomyces boulardii on the gastrointestinal tolerability, safety, and pharmacokinetics of miglustat. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2015;10:81. View abstract.

Romanio MR, Coraine LA, Maielo VP, Abramczyc ML, Souza RL, Oliveira NF. Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia in a pediatric patient after treatment with probiotics. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2017 Jul-Sep;35(3):361-364. doi: 10.1590/1984-0462/;2017;35;3;00014. View abstract.

Asmat S, Shaukat F, Asmat R, Bakhat HFSG, Asmat TM. Clinical Efficacy Comparison of Saccharomyces Boulardii and Lactic Acid as Probiotics in Acute Pediatric Diarrhea. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2018;28(3):214-217. View abstract.

Carstensen JW, Chehri M, Schønning K, et al. Use of prophylactic Saccharomyces boulardii to prevent Clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized patients: a controlled prospective intervention study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2018;37(8):1431-1439. View abstract.

Costanza AC, Moscavitch SD, Faria Neto HC, Mesquita ET. Probiotic therapy with Saccharomyces boulardii for heart failure patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial. Int J Cardiol. 2015;179:348-50. View abstract.

Cottrell J, Koenig K, Perfekt R, Hofmann R; Loperamide-Simethicone Acute Diarrhoea Study Team. Comparison of Two Forms of Loperamide-Simethicone and a Probiotic Yeast (Saccharomyces boulardii) in the Treatment of Acute Diarrhoea in Adults: A Randomised Non-Inferiority Clinical Trial. Drugs R D. 2015;15(4):363-73. View abstract.

Dauby N. Risks of Saccharomyces boulardii-Containing Probiotics for the Prevention of Clostridium difficile Infection in the Elderly. Gastroenterology. 2017;153(5):1450-1451. View abstract.

Dinleyici EC, Kara A, Dalgic N, et al. Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 reduces the duration of diarrhoea, length of emergency care and hospital stay in children with acute diarrhoea. Benef Microbes. 2015;6(4):415-21. View abstract.

Ehrhardt S, Guo N, Hinz R, et al. Saccharomyces boulardii to Prevent Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea: A Randomized, Double-Masked, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2016;3(1):ofw011. View abstract.

Flatley EA, Wilde AM, Nailor MD. Saccharomyces boulardii for the prevention of hospital onset Clostridium difficile infection. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2015;24(1):21-4. View abstract.

Ryan JJ, Hanes DA, Schafer MB, Mikolai J, Zwickey H. Effect of the Probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii on Cholesterol and Lipoprotein Particles in Hypercholesterolemic Adults: A Single-Arm, Open-Label Pilot Study. J Altern Complement Med. 2015;21(5):288-93. View abstract.

Sheele J, Cartowski J, Dart A, et al. Saccharomyces boulardii and bismuth subsalicylate as low-cost interventions to reduce the duration and severity of cholera. Pathog Glob Health. 2015;109(6):275-82. View abstract.

Xu L, Wang Y, Wang Y, et al. A double-blinded randomized trial on growth and feeding tolerance with Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 in formula-fed preterm infants. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2016;92(3):296-301. View abstract.

McFarland LV, Goh S. Are probiotics and prebiotics effective in the prevention of travellers' diarrhea: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2019 Jan - Feb;27:11-19. View abstract.

Pruccoli G, Silvestro E, Pace Napoleone C, Aidala E, Garazzino S, Scolfaro C. Are probiotics safe? Bifidobacterium bacteremia in a child with severe heart failure. Infez Med. 2019;27(2):175-178. View abstract.

García-Collinot G, Madrigal-Santillán EO, Martínez-Bencomo MA, et al. Effectiveness of Saccharomyces boulardii and Metronidazole for Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Systemic Sclerosis.Dig Dis Sci. 2019. View abstract.

Seddik H, Boutallaka H, Elkoti I, et al. Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 plus sequential therapy for Helicobacter pylori infections: a randomized, open-label trial. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2019;75(5):639-645. View abstract.

Szajewska H, Kolodziej M, Zalewski BM. Systematic review with meta-analysis: Saccharomyces boulardii for treating acute gastroenteritis in children-a 2020 update. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2020. View abstract.

Zhou BG, Chen LX, Li B, Wan LY, Ai YW. Saccharomyces boulardii as an adjuvant therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: A systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis. Helicobacter. 2019;24(5):e12651. View abstract.

Su GL, Ko CW, Bercik P, Falck-Ytter Y, et al. AGA Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Role of Probiotics in the Management of Gastrointestinal Disorders. Gastroenterology. 2020;S0016-5085(20)34729-6. View abstract.

Karbownik MS, Kręczyńska J, Kwarta P, et al. Effect of supplementation with Saccharomyces boulardii on academic examination performance and related stress in healthy medical students: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Nutrients. 2020;12(5):1469. View abstract.

Mourey F, Sureja V, Kheni D, et al. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of Saccharomyces boulardii in infants and children with acute diarrhea. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2020;39(11):e347-e351. View abstract.

Gao X, Wang Y, Shi L, Feng W, Yi K. Effect and safety of Saccharomyces boulardii for neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis in pre-term infants: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Trop Pediatr. 2020:fmaa022. View abstract.

Harnett JE, Pyne DB, McKune AJ, Penm J, Pumpa KL. Probiotic supplementation elicits favourable changes in muscle soreness and sleep quality in rugby players. J Sci Med Sport. 2020:S1440-2440(20)30737-4. View abstract.

Florez ID, Veroniki AA, Al Khalifah R, et al. Comparative effectiveness and safety of interventions for acute diarrhea and gastroenteritis in children: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2018;13(12):e0207701. View abstract.

Ventoulis I, Sarmourli T, Amoiridou P, et al. Bloodstream infection by Saccharomyces cerevisiae in two COVID-19 patients after receiving supplementation of Saccharomyces in the ICU. J Fungi (Basel). 2020;6(3):98. View abstract.

Rondanelli M, Miraglia N, Putignano P, et al. Effects of 60-day Saccharomyces boulardii and superoxide dismutase supplementation on body composition, hunger sensation, pro/antioxidant ratio, inflammation and hormonal lipo-metabolic biomarkers in obese adults: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Nutrients 2021;13(8):2512. View abstract.

Tsilika M, Thoma G, Aidoni Z, et al. A four-probiotic preparation for ventilator-associated pneumonia in multi-trauma patients: results of a randomized clinical trial. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2022;59(1):106471. View abstract.

McDonald LC, Gerding DN, Johnson S, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for Clostridium difficile infection in adults and children: 2017 update by the infectious diseases society of America (IDSA) and Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA). Clin Infect Dis. 2018;66(7):987-994. View abstract.

McFarland LV, Karakan T, Karatas A. Strain-specific and outcome-specific efficacy of probiotics for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine. 2021;41:101154. View abstract.

Zhang J, Wan S, Gui Q. Comparison of safety, effectiveness and serum inflammatory factor indexes of Saccharomyces boulardii versus Bifidobacterium triple viable in treating children with chronic diarrhea: a randomized trial. Transl Pediatr 2021;10(6):1677-1685. View abstract.

Wombwell E, Bransteitter B, Gillen LR. Incidence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia in hospitalised patients administered Saccharomyces boulardii probiotic. Mycoses 2021;64(12):1521-1526. View abstract.

Ghosh A, Sundaram B, Bhattacharya P, et al. Effect of Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM-I 3799 and Bacillus subtilis CU-1 on Acute Watery Diarrhea: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study in Indian Children. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2021;24(5):423-431. View abstract.

Zhao Y, Yang Y, Aruna, et al. Saccharomyces boulardii Combined With Quadruple Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication Decreased the Duration and Severity of Diarrhea: A Multi-Center Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021;8:776955. View abstract.

Rannikko J, Holmberg V, Karppelin M, et al. Fungemia and Other Fungal Infections Associated with Use of Saccharomyces boulardii Probiotic Supplements. Emerg Infect Dis 2021;27(8):2090-6. View abstract.

Awoyemi A, Mayerhofer C, Felix AS, et al. Rifaximin or Saccharomyces boulardii in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: Results from the randomized GutHeart trial. EBioMedicine 2021;70:103511. View abstract.

Karbownik MS, Kreczynska J, Wiktorowska-Owczarek A, et al. Decrease in salivary serotonin in response to probiotic supplementation with Saccharomyces boulardii in healthy volunteers under psychological stress: Secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022;12:800023. View abstract.

Goodman C, Keating G, Georgousopoulou E, Hespe C, Levett K. Probiotics for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2021;11(8):e043054. View abstract.

Li Z, Zhu G, Li C, Lai H, Liu X, Zhang L. Which probiotic is the most effective for treating acute diarrhea in children? A Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrients 2021;13(12):4319. View abstract.

Chang YW, Park YM, Oh CH, et al. Effects of probiotics or broccoli supplementation on Helicobacter pylori eradication with standard clarithromycin-based triple therapy. Korean J Intern Med. 2020;35(3):574-581. View abstract.

Qu P, Liu X, Xia X, et al. Saccharomyces boulardii allows partial patients to avoid reusing bismuth quadruple for Helicobacter pylori rescue therapy: a single-center randomized controlled study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022;12:903002. View abstract.

He XJ, Wang XL, Sun DJ, et al. The efficacy and safety of Saccharomyces boulardii in addition to antofloxacin-based bismuth quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: a single-center, prospective randomized-control study. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2023;16:17562848221147763. View abstract.

Naghibzadeh N, Salmani F, Nomiri S, Tavakoli T. Investigating the effect of quadruple therapy with Saccharomyces boulardii or Lactobacillus reuteri strain (DSMZ 17648) supplements on eradication of Helicobacter pylori and treatments adverse effects: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. BMC Gastroenterol 2022;22(1):107. View abstract.

Lee KJ, Ryoo E, Lee YM, et al. Saccharomyces boulardii and lactulose for childhood functional constipation: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022;28(3):454-62. View abstract.

Fu H, Li J, Xu X, Xia C, Pan Y. Effectiveness and safety of Saccharomyces boulardii for the treatment of acute gastroenteritis in the pediatric population: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Comput Math Methods Med 2022;2022:6234858. View abstract.

Bustos Fernández LM, Man F, Lasa JS. Impact of Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 on bacterial overgrowth and composition of intestinal microbiota in IBS-D patients: results of a randomized pilot study. Dig Dis 2023. View abstract.

Consoli ML, da Silva RS, Nicoli JR, et al. Randomized clinical trial: impact of oral administration of Saccharomyces boulardii on gene expression of intestinal cytokines in patients undergoing colon resection. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2016;40(8):1114-21. View abstract.

Poindexter B; Committee on fetus and newborn. Use of Probiotics in Preterm Infants. Pediatrics. 2021;147(6):e2021051485. View abstract.

Schneider R, Sant' Anna A. Using probiotics in paediatric populations. Paediatr Child Health. 2022;27(8):482-491.

US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Dear Healthcare Provider Letter: Warning Regarding Use of Probiotics in Preterm Infants. September 2023. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/media/172606/download?attachment. Accessed November 1, 2023.

van den Akker CHP, van Goudoever JB, Shamir R, Domellöf M, et al. Probiotics and Preterm Infants: A Position Paper by the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Committee on Nutrition and the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Working Group for Probiotics and Prebiotics. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2020;70(5):664-680. View abstract.

Pillai A, Tan J, Paquette V, Panczuk J. Does probiotic bacteremia in premature infants impact clinically relevant outcomes? A case report and updated review of literature. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2020;39:255-259. View abstract.

Dani C, Coviello C C, Corsini I I, Arena F, Antonelli A, Rossolini GM. Lactobacillus Sepsis and Probiotic Therapy in Newborns: Two New Cases and Literature Review. AJP Rep. 2016;6(1):e25-9. View abstract.

Zbinden A, Zbinden R, Berger C, Arlettaz R. Case series of Bifidobacterium longum bacteremia in three preterm infants on probiotic therapy. Neonatology 2015;107(1):56-9. View abstract.

Bertelli C, Pillonel T, Torregrossa A, et al. Bifidobacterium longum bacteremia in preterm infants receiving probiotics. Clin Infect Dis 2015;60(6):924-7. View abstract.

Esaiassen E, Cavanagh P, Hjerde E, Simonsen GS, Støen R, Klingenberg C. Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis bacteremia in 3 extremely preterm infants receiving probiotics. Emerg Infect Dis 2016;22(9):1664-6. View abstract.