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Preuss, H. G., Wallerstedt, D., Talpur, N., Tutuncuoglu, S. O., Echard, B., Myers, A., Bui, M., and Bagchi, D. Effects of niacin-bound chromium and grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on the lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic subjects: a pilot study. J Med 2000;31(5-6):227-246. View abstract.

Shivashankara, A. R., Azmidah, A., Haniadka, R., Rai, M. P., Arora, R., and Baliga, M. S. Dietary agents in the prevention of alcohol-induced hepatotoxicty: preclinical observations. Food Funct. 2012;3(2):101-109. View abstract.

Agarwal, C., Tyagi, A., and Agarwal, R. Gallic acid causes inactivating phosphorylation of cdc25A/cdc25C-cdc2 via ATM-Chk2 activation, leading to cell cycle arrest, and induces apoptosis in human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells. Mol.Cancer Ther 2006;5(12):3294-3302. View abstract.

Ozturk, H. S., Kacmaz, M., Cimen, M. Y., and Durak, I. Red wine and black grape strengthen blood antioxidant potential. Nutrition 1999;15(11-12):954-955. View abstract.

Palma, M., Taylor, L. T., Varela, R. M., Cutler, S. J., and Cutler, H. G. Fractional extraction of compounds from grape seeds by supercritical fluid extraction and analysis for antimicrobial and agrochemical activities. J Agric.Food Chem 1999;47(12):5044-5048. View abstract.

Keevil, J. G., Osman, H. E., Reed, J. D., and Folts, J. D. Grape juice, but not orange juice or grapefruit juice, inhibits human platelet aggregation. J Nutr. 2000;130(1):53-56. View abstract.

Cabras, P., Angioni, A., Caboni, P., Garau, V. L., Melis, M., Pirisi, F. M., and Cabitza, F. Distribution of folpet on the grape surface after treatment. J Agric.Food Chem 2000;48(3):915-916. View abstract.

Agarwal, C., Sharma, Y., Zhao, J., and Agarwal, R. A polyphenolic fraction from grape seeds causes irreversible growth inhibition of breast carcinoma MDA-MB468 cells by inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinases activation and inducing G1 arrest and differentiation. Clin.Cancer Res 2000;6(7):2921-2930. View abstract.

Young, J. F., Dragsted, L. O., Daneshvar, B., Lauridsen, S. T., Hansen, M., and Sandstrom, B. The effect of grape-skin extract on oxidative status. Br J Nutr 2000;84(4):505-513. View abstract.

Sen, C. K. and Bagchi, D. Regulation of inducible adhesion molecule expression in human endothelial cells by grape seed proanthocyanidin extract. Mol.Cell Biochem. 2001;216(1-2):1-7. View abstract.

Ray, S. D., Parikh, H., Hickey, E., Bagchi, M., and Bagchi, D. Differential effects of IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract and a DNA repair modulator 4-aminobenzamide on liver microsomal cytochrome 4502E1-dependent aniline hydroxylation. Mol Cell Biochem 2001;218(1-2):27-33. View abstract.

Banerjee, B. and Bagchi, D. Beneficial effects of a novel ih636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis. Digestion 2001;63(3):203-206. View abstract.

Chou, E. J., Keevil, J. G., Aeschlimann, S., Wiebe, D. A., Folts, J. D., and Stein, J. H. Effect of ingestion of purple grape juice on endothelial function in patients with coronary heart disease. Am J Cardiol 9-1-2001;88(5):553-555. View abstract.

Bub, A., Watzl, B., Heeb, D., Rechkemmer, G., and Briviba, K. Malvidin-3-glucoside bioavailability in humans after ingestion of red wine, dealcoholized red wine and red grape juice. Eur.J Nutr. 2001;40(3):113-120. View abstract.

Nair, N., Mahajan, S., Chawda, R., Kandaswami, C., Shanahan, T. C., and Schwartz, S. A. Grape seed extract activates Th1 cells in vitro. Clin.Diagn.Lab Immunol. 2002;9(2):470-476. View abstract.

Chidambara Murthy, K. N., Singh, R. P., and Jayaprakasha, G. K. Antioxidant activities of grape (Vitis vinifera) pomace extracts. J Agric.Food Chem 10-9-2002;50(21):5909-5914. View abstract.

Agarwal, C., Singh, R. P., and Agarwal, R. Grape seed extract induces apoptotic death of human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells via caspases activation accompanied by dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome c release. Carcinogenesis 2002;23(11):1869-1876. View abstract.

O'Byrne, D. J., Devaraj, S., Grundy, S. M., and Jialal, I. Comparison of the antioxidant effects of Concord grape juice flavonoids alpha-tocopherol on markers of oxidative stress in healthy adults. Am J Clin.Nutr. 2002;76(6):1367-1374. View abstract.

Shanmuganayagam, D., Beahm, M. R., Osman, H. E., Krueger, C. G., Reed, J. D., and Folts, J. D. Grape seed and grape skin extracts elicit a greater antiplatelet effect when used in combination than when used individually in dogs and humans. J Nutr. 2002;132(12):3592-3598. View abstract.

Natella, F., Belelli, F., Gentili, V., Ursini, F., and Scaccini, C. Grape seed proanthocyanidins prevent plasma postprandial oxidative stress in humans. J Agric.Food Chem 12-18-2002;50(26):7720-7725. View abstract.

Katsuzaki, H., Hibasami, H., Ohwaki, S., Ishikawa, K., Imai, K., Date, K., Kimura, Y., and Komiya, T. Cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside isolated from skin of black Glycine max and other anthocyanins isolated from skin of red grape induce apoptosis in human lymphoid leukemia Molt 4B cells. Oncol.Rep. 2003;10(2):297-300. View abstract.

Tyagi, A., Agarwal, R., and Agarwal, C. Grape seed extract inhibits EGF-induced and constitutively active mitogenic signaling but activates JNK in human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells: possible role in antiproliferation and apoptosis. Oncogene 3-6-2003;22(9):1302-1316. View abstract.

Sovak, M. Grape Extract, Resveratrol, and Its Analogs: A Review. J Med Food 2001;4(2):93-105. View abstract.

Frank, T., Netzel, M., Strass, G., Bitsch, R., and Bitsch, I. Bioavailability of anthocyanidin-3-glucosides following consumption of red wine and red grape juice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2003;81(5):423-435. View abstract.

Schaefer, E., Peil, H., Ambrosetti, L., and Petrini, O. Oedema protective properties of the red vine leaf extract AS 195 (Folia vitis viniferae) in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. A 6-week observational clinical trial. Arzneimittelforschung. 2003;53(4):243-246. View abstract.

Sano, A., Yamakoshi, J., Tokutake, S., Tobe, K., Kubota, Y., and Kikuchi, M. Procyanidin B1 is detected in human serum after intake of proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extract. Biosci.Biotechnol.Biochem. 2003;67(5):1140-1143. View abstract.

Dhanalakshmi, S., Agarwal, R., and Agarwal, C. Inhibition of NF-kappaB pathway in grape seed extract-induced apoptotic death of human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells. Int J Oncol. 2003;23(3):721-727. View abstract.

Vigna, G. B., Costantini, F., Aldini, G., Carini, M., Catapano, A., Schena, F., Tangerini, A., Zanca, R., Bombardelli, E., Morazzoni, P., Mezzetti, A., Fellin, R., and Maffei, Facino R. Effect of a standardized grape seed extract on low-density lipoprotein susceptibility to oxidation in heavy smokers. Metabolism 2003;52(10):1250-1257. View abstract.

Rawn, D. F., Roscoe, V., Krakalovich, T., and Hanson, C. N-methyl carbamate concentrations and dietary intake estimates for apple and grape juices available on the retail market in Canada. Food Addit.Contam 2004;21(6):555-563. View abstract.

Rosa, C. A., Magnoli, C. E., Fraga, M. E., Dalcero, A. M., and Santana, D. M. Occurrence of ochratoxin A in wine and grape juice marketed in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Food Addit.Contam 2004;21(4):358-364. View abstract.

Kalus, U., Koscielny, J., Grigorov, A., Schaefer, E., Peil, H., and Kiesewetter, H. Improvement of cutaneous microcirculation and oxygen supply in patients with chronic venous insufficiency by orally administered extract of red vine leaves AS 195: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Drugs R.D. 2004;5(2):63-71. View abstract.

Larrosa, M., Tomas-Barberan, F. A., and Espin, J. C. The grape and wine polyphenol piceatannol is a potent inducer of apoptosis in human SK-Mel-28 melanoma cells. Eur.J Nutr. 2004;43(5):275-284. View abstract.

Ward, N. C., Croft, K. D., Puddey, I. B., and Hodgson, J. M. Supplementation with grape seed polyphenols results in increased urinary excretion of 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic Acid, an important metabolite of proanthocyanidins in humans. J Agric.Food Chem 8-25-2004;52(17):5545-5549. View abstract.

Nomoto, H., Iigo, M., Hamada, H., Kojima, S., and Tsuda, H. Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer by grape seed proanthocyanidin is accompanied by a decrease in proliferation and increase in apoptosis. Nutr Cancer 2004;49(1):81-88. View abstract.

Bejaoui, H., Mathieu, F., Taillandier, P., and Lebrihi, A. Ochratoxin A removal in synthetic and natural grape juices by selected oenological Saccharomyces strains. J Appl.Microbiol. 2004;97(5):1038-1044. View abstract.

Nishikawa, M., Ariyoshi, N., Kotani, A., Ishii, I., Nakamura, H., Nakasa, H., Ida, M., Nakamura, H., Kimura, N., Kimura, M., Hasegawa, A., Kusu, F., Ohmori, S., Nakazawa, K., and Kitada, M. Effects of continuous ingestion of green tea or grape seed extracts on the pharmacokinetics of midazolam. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2004;19(4):280-289. View abstract.

Albers, A. R., Varghese, S., Vitseva, O., Vita, J. A., and Freedman, J. E. The antiinflammatory effects of purple grape juice consumption in subjects with stable coronary artery disease. Arterioscler.Thromb.Vasc.Biol. 2004;24(11):e179-e180. View abstract.

Clifton, P. M. Effect of Grape Seed Extract and Quercetin on Cardiovascular and Endothelial Parameters in High-Risk Subjects. J Biomed.Biotechnol. 2004;2004(5):272-278. View abstract.

Yamakoshi, J., Sano, A., Tokutake, S., Saito, M., Kikuchi, M., Kubota, Y., Kawachi, Y., and Otsuka, F. Oral intake of proanthocyanidin-rich extract from grape seeds improves chloasma. Phytother Res 2004;18(11):895-899. View abstract.

de Lange, D. W., Scholman, W. L., Kraaijenhagen, R. J., Akkerman, J. W., and van de Wiel, A. Alcohol and polyphenolic grape extract inhibit platelet adhesion in flowing blood. Eur.J Clin.Invest 2004;34(12):818-824. View abstract.

Park, Y. K., Kim, J. S., and Kang, M. H. Concord grape juice supplementation reduces blood pressure in Korean hypertensive men: double-blind, placebo controlled intervention trial. Biofactors 2004;22(1-4):145-147. View abstract.

Hansen, A. S., Marckmann, P., Dragsted, L. O., Finne Nielsen, I. L., Nielsen, S. E., and Gronbaek, M. Effect of red wine and red grape extract on blood lipids, haemostatic factors, and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Eur.J Clin.Nutr. 2005;59(3):449-455. View abstract.

Ng, W., Mankotia, M., Pantazopoulos, P., Neil, R. J., and Scott, P. M. Ochratoxin A in wine and grape juice sold in Canada. Food Addit.Contam 2004;21(10):971-981. View abstract.

Sharma, S. D. and Katiyar, S. K. Dietary grape-seed proanthocyanidin inhibition of ultraviolet B-induced immune suppression is associated with induction of IL-12. Carcinogenesis 2006;27(1):95-102. View abstract.

Zern, T. L., Wood, R. J., Greene, C., West, K. L., Liu, Y., Aggarwal, D., Shachter, N. S., and Fernandez, M. L. Grape polyphenols exert a cardioprotective effect in pre- and postmenopausal women by lowering plasma lipids and reducing oxidative stress. J Nutr. 2005;135(8):1911-1917. View abstract.

Coimbra, S. R., Lage, S. H., Brandizzi, L., Yoshida, V., and da Luz, P. L. The action of red wine and purple grape juice on vascular reactivity is independent of plasma lipids in hypercholesterolemic patients. Braz.J Med Biol.Res 2005;38(9):1339-1347. View abstract.

Vitseva, O., Varghese, S., Chakrabarti, S., Folts, J. D., and Freedman, J. E. Grape seed and skin extracts inhibit platelet function and release of reactive oxygen intermediates. J Cardiovasc.Pharmacol. 2005;46(4):445-451. View abstract.

Tao, H. Y., Wu, C. F., Zhou, Y., Gong, W. H., Zhang, X., Iribarren, P., Zhao, Y. Q., Le, Y. Y., and Wang, J. M. The grape component resveratrol interferes with the function of chemoattractant receptors on phagocytic leukocytes. Cell Mol.Immunol. 2004;1(1):50-56. View abstract.

Lekakis, J., Rallidis, L. S., Andreadou, I., Vamvakou, G., Kazantzoglou, G., Magiatis, P., Skaltsounis, A. L., and Kremastinos, D. T. Polyphenolic compounds from red grapes acutely improve endothelial function in patients with coronary heart disease. Eur.J Cardiovasc.Prev.Rehabil. 2005;12(6):596-600. View abstract.

Barthomeuf, C., Lamy, S., Blanchette, M., Boivin, D., Gingras, D., and Beliveau, R. Inhibition of sphingosine-1-phosphate- and vascular endothelial growth factor-induced endothelial cell chemotaxis by red grape skin polyphenols correlates with a decrease in early platelet-activating factor synthesis. Free Radic.Biol.Med 2-15-2006;40(4):581-590. View abstract.

Baliga, M. S. and Katiyar, S. K. Chemoprevention of photocarcinogenesis by selected dietary botanicals. Photochem.Photobiol.Sci. 2006;5(2):243-253. View abstract.

Veluri, R., Singh, R. P., Liu, Z., Thompson, J. A., Agarwal, R., and Agarwal, C. Fractionation of grape seed extract and identification of gallic acid as one of the major active constituents causing growth inhibition and apoptotic death of DU145 human prostate carcinoma cells. Carcinogenesis 2006;27(7):1445-1453. View abstract.

Monsieur, R. and Van, Snick G. [Efficacy of the red vine leaf extract AS 195 in Chronic Venous Insufficiency]. Praxis.(Bern.1994.) 1-25-2006;95(6):187-190. View abstract.

Brooker, S., Martin, S., Pearson, A., Bagchi, D., Earl, J., Gothard, L., Hall, E., Porter, L., and Yarnold, J. Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised phase II trial of IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) in patients with radiation-induced breast induration. Radiother.Oncol 2006;79(1):45-51. View abstract.

Mantena, S. K., Baliga, M. S., and Katiyar, S. K. Grape seed proanthocyanidins induce apoptosis and inhibit metastasis of highly metastatic breast carcinoma cells. Carcinogenesis 2006;27(8):1682-1691. View abstract.

Mantena, S. K. and Katiyar, S. K. Grape seed proanthocyanidins inhibit UV-radiation-induced oxidative stress and activation of MAPK and NF-kappaB signaling in human epidermal keratinocytes. Free Radic.Biol Med 5-1-2006;40(9):1603-1614. View abstract.

Skovgaard, G. R., Jensen, A. S., and Sigler, M. L. Effect of a novel dietary supplement on skin aging in post-menopausal women. Eur J Clin Nutr 2006;60(10):1201-1206. View abstract.

Kaur, M., Agarwal, R., and Agarwal, C. Grape seed extract induces anoikis and caspase-mediated apoptosis in human prostate carcinoma LNCaP cells: possible role of ataxia telangiectasia mutated-p53 activation. Mol.Cancer Ther 2006;5(5):1265-1274. View abstract.

Davalos, A., Fernandez-Hernando, C., Cerrato, F., Martinez-Botas, J., Gomez-Coronado, D., Gomez-Cordoves, C., and Lasuncion, M. A. Red grape juice polyphenols alter cholesterol homeostasis and increase LDL-receptor activity in human cells in vitro. J Nutr. 2006;136(7):1766-1773. View abstract.

Castilla, P., Echarri, R., Davalos, A., Cerrato, F., Ortega, H., Teruel, J. L., Lucas, M. F., Gomez-Coronado, D., Ortuno, J., and Lasuncion, M. A. Concentrated red grape juice exerts antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and antiinflammatory effects in both hemodialysis patients and healthy subjects. Am J Clin.Nutr. 2006;84(1):252-262. View abstract.

Suppasrivasuseth, J., Bellantone, R. A., Plakogiannis, F. M., and Stagni, G. Permeability and retention studies of (-)epicatechin gel formulations in human cadaver skin. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2006;32(9):1007-1017. View abstract.

A review of evidence on red vine leaf extract in the prevention and management of venous disease. J Wound Care 2006;15(9):393-396. View abstract.

Kaur, M., Singh, R. P., Gu, M., Agarwal, R., and Agarwal, C. Grape seed extract inhibits in vitro and in vivo growth of human colorectal carcinoma cells. Clin Cancer Res 10-15-2006;12(20 Pt 1):6194-6202. View abstract.

Davalos, A., Castilla, P., Gomez-Cordoves, C., and Bartolome, B. Quercetin is bioavailable from a single ingestion of grape juice. Int.J Food Sci.Nutr. 2006;57(5-6):391-398. View abstract.

Agarwal, C., Veluri, R., Kaur, M., Chou, S. C., Thompson, J. A., and Agarwal, R. Fractionation of high molecular weight tannins in grape seed extract and identification of procyanidin B2-3,3'-di-O-gallate as a major active constituent causing growth inhibition and apoptotic death of DU145 human prostate carcinoma cells. Carcinogenesis 2007;28(7):1478-1484. View abstract.

Urios, P., Grigorova-Borsos, A. M., and Sternberg, M. Flavonoids inhibit the formation of the cross-linking AGE pentosidine in collagen incubated with glucose, according to their structure. Eur J Nutr 2007;46(3):139-146. View abstract.

Sharma, S. D., Meeran, S. M., and Katiyar, S. K. Dietary grape seed proanthocyanidins inhibit UVB-induced oxidative stress and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-kappaB signaling in in vivo SKH-1 hairless mice. Mol.Cancer Ther 2007;6(3):995-1005. View abstract.

Samet, J. M. and Coultas, D. B. Reduced forced vital capacity in California grape workers. What does it mean? Am Rev.Respir.Dis 1992;145(2 Pt 1):255-256. View abstract.

Gamsky, T. E., McCurdy, S. A., Samuels, S. J., and Schenker, M. B. Reduced FVC among California grape workers. Am Rev.Respir.Dis 1992;145(2 Pt 1):257-262. View abstract.

de Lange, D. W., Verhoef, S., Gorter, G., Kraaijenhagen, R. J., van de Wiel, A., and Akkerman, J. W. Polyphenolic grape extract inhibits platelet activation through PECAM-1: an explanation for the French paradox. Alcohol Clin.Exp.Res 2007;31(8):1308-1314. View abstract.

Etheridge, A. S., Black, S. R., Patel, P. R., So, J., and Mathews, J. M. An in vitro evaluation of cytochrome P450 inhibition and P-glycoprotein interaction with goldenseal, Ginkgo biloba, grape seed, milk thistle, and ginseng extracts and their constituents. Planta Med 2007;73(8):731-741. View abstract.

Sano, A., Uchida, R., Saito, M., Shioya, N., Komori, Y., Tho, Y., and Hashizume, N. Beneficial effects of grape seed extract on malondialdehyde-modified LDL. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol.(Tokyo) 2007;53(2):174-182. View abstract.

Engelbrecht, A. M., Mattheyse, M., Ellis, B., Loos, B., Thomas, M., Smith, R., Peters, S., Smith, C., and Myburgh, K. Proanthocyanidin from grape seeds inactivates the PI3-kinase/PKB pathway and induces apoptosis in a colon cancer cell line. Cancer Lett. 12-8-2007;258(1):144-153. View abstract.

Koo, M., Kim, S. H., Lee, N., Yoo, M. Y., Ryu, S. Y., Kwon, D. Y., and Kim, Y. S. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitory effect of Vitis vinifera. Fitoterapia 2008;79(3):204-206. View abstract.

Olas, B., Wachowicz, B., Tomczak, A., Erler, J., Stochmal, A., and Oleszek, W. Comparative anti-platelet and antioxidant properties of polyphenol-rich extracts from: berries of Aronia melanocarpa, seeds of grape and bark of Yucca schidigera in vitro. Platelets. 2008;19(1):70-77. View abstract.

Kuo, P. L. and Hsu, Y. L. The grape and wine constituent piceatannol inhibits proliferation of human bladder cancer cells via blocking cell cycle progression and inducing Fas/membrane bound Fas ligand-mediated apoptotic pathway. Mol.Nutr.Food Res 2008;52(4):408-418. View abstract.

Katiyar, S. K. Grape seed proanthocyanidines and skin cancer prevention: inhibition of oxidative stress and protection of immune system. Mol.Nutr.Food Res 2008;52 Suppl 1:S71-S76. View abstract.

Castilla, P., Davalos, A., Teruel, J. L., Cerrato, F., Fernandez-Lucas, M., Merino, J. L., Sanchez-Martin, C. C., Ortuno, J., and Lasuncion, M. A. Comparative effects of dietary supplementation with red grape juice and vitamin E on production of superoxide by circulating neutrophil NADPH oxidase in hemodialysis patients. Am J Clin.Nutr. 2008;87(4):1053-1061. View abstract.

Jimenez, J. P., Serrano, J., Tabernero, M., Arranz, S., Diaz-Rubio, M. E., Garcia-Diz, L., Goni, I., and Saura-Calixto, F. Effects of grape antioxidant dietary fiber in cardiovascular disease risk factors. Nutrition 2008;24(7-8):646-653. View abstract.

Mahadeswaraswamy, Y. H., Nagaraju, S., Girish, K. S., and Kemparaju, K. Local tissue destruction and procoagulation properties of Echis carinatus venom: inhibition by Vitis vinifera seed methanol extract. Phytother.Res 2008;22(7):963-969. View abstract.

Punathil, T. and Katiyar, S. K. Inhibition of non-small cell lung cancer cell migration by grape seed proanthocyanidins is mediated through the inhibition of nitric oxide, guanylate cyclase, and ERK1/2. Mol.Carcinog. 2009;48(3):232-242. View abstract.

Liu, J. Y. and Zhong, J. Y. [Study on protective effect of grape procyanidins in radiation injury in radiation-contacted persons]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi.Xue.Za Zhi. 2008;42(4):264-267. View abstract.

Chaves, A. A., Joshi, M. S., Coyle, C. M., Brady, J. E., Dech, S. J., Schanbacher, B. L., Baliga, R., Basuray, A., and Bauer, J. A. Vasoprotective endothelial effects of a standardized grape product in humans. Vascul.Pharmacol. 2009;50(1-2):20-26. View abstract.

Xie, Q., Bedran-Russo, A. K., and Wu, C. D. In vitro remineralization effects of grape seed extract on artificial root caries. J Dent. 2008;36(11):900-906. View abstract.

Leifert, W. R. and Abeywardena, M. Y. Grape seed and red wine polyphenol extracts inhibit cellular cholesterol uptake, cell proliferation, and 5-lipoxygenase activity. Nutr.Res 2008;28(12):842-850. View abstract.

Wen, W., Lu, J., Zhang, K., and Chen, S. Grape seed extract inhibits angiogenesis via suppression of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway. Cancer Prev.Res (Phila) 2008;1(7):554-561. View abstract.

Zi, S. X., Ma, H. J., Li, Y., Liu, W., Yang, Q. Q., Zhao, G., and Lian, S. Oligomeric proanthocyanidins from grape seeds effectively inhibit ultraviolet-induced melanogenesis of human melanocytes in vitro. Int.J Mol.Med 2009;23(2):197-204. View abstract.

Zhang, F. J., Yang, J. Y., Mou, Y. H., Sun, B. S., Ping, Y. F., Wang, J. M., Bian, X. W., and Wu, C. F. Inhibition of U-87 human glioblastoma cell proliferation and formyl peptide receptor function by oligomer procyanidins (F2) isolated from grape seeds. Chem Biol.Interact. 5-15-2009;179(2-3):419-429. View abstract.

Rao, A. V., Shen, H., Agarwal, A., Yatcilla, M. T., and Agarwal, S. Bioabsorption and in vivo antioxidant properties of grape extract biovin((r)): a human intervention study. J Med Food 2000;3(1):15-22. View abstract.

Castillo-Pichardo, L., Martinez-Montemayor, M. M., Martinez, J. E., Wall, K. M., Cubano, L. A., and Dharmawardhane, S. Inhibition of mammary tumor growth and metastases to bone and liver by dietary grape polyphenols. Clin.Exp.Metastasis 2009;26(6):505-516. View abstract.

Cheah, K. Y., Howarth, G. S., Yazbeck, R., Wright, T. H., Whitford, E. J., Payne, C., Butler, R. N., and Bastian, S. E. Grape seed extract protects IEC-6 cells from chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity and improves parameters of small intestinal mucositis in rats with experimentally-induced mucositis. Cancer Biol.Ther 2009;8(4):382-390. View abstract.

Hsu, C. P., Lin, Y. H., Chou, C. C., Zhou, S. P., Hsu, Y. C., Liu, C. L., Ku, F. M., and Chung, Y. C. Mechanisms of grape seed procyanidin-induced apoptosis in colorectal carcinoma cells. Anticancer Res 2009;29(1):283-289. View abstract.

Wang, Y. J., Thomas, P., Zhong, J. H., Bi, F. F., Kosaraju, S., Pollard, A., Fenech, M., and Zhou, X. F. Consumption of grape seed extract prevents amyloid-beta deposition and attenuates inflammation in brain of an Alzheimer's disease mouse. Neurotox.Res 2009;15(1):3-14. View abstract.

Sivaprakasapillai, B., Edirisinghe, I., Randolph, J., Steinberg, F., and Kappagoda, T. Effect of grape seed extract on blood pressure in subjects with the metabolic syndrome. Metabolism 2009;58(12):1743-1746. View abstract.

Sandra, D., Radha, M., Harishkumar, M., Yuichi, N., Sayuri, O., and Masugi, M. Downregulation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 by grape seed proanthocyanidin extract. Phytomedicine. 2010;17(1):42-46. View abstract.

Kar, P., Laight, D., Rooprai, H. K., Shaw, K. M., and Cummings, M. Effects of grape seed extract in Type 2 diabetic subjects at high cardiovascular risk: a double blind randomized placebo controlled trial examining metabolic markers, vascular tone, inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin sensitivity. Diabet.Med 2009;26(5):526-531. View abstract.

Park, Y. K., Lee, S. H., Park, E., Kim, J. S., and Kang, M. H. Changes in antioxidant status, blood pressure, and lymphocyte DNA damage from grape juice supplementation. Ann.N.Y.Acad.Sci. 2009;1171:385-390. View abstract.

Hsu, Y. L., Liang, H. L., Hung, C. H., and Kuo, P. L. Syringetin, a flavonoid derivative in grape and wine, induces human osteoblast differentiation through bone morphogenetic protein-2/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway. Mol.Nutr.Food Res 2009;53(11):1452-1461. View abstract.

Kim, E. J., Park, H., Park, S. Y., Jun, J. G., and Park, J. H. The grape component piceatannol induces apoptosis in DU145 human prostate cancer cells via the activation of extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. J Med Food 2009;12(5):943-951. View abstract.

La, V. D., Bergeron, C., Gafner, S., and Grenier, D. Grape seed extract suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) secretion by macrophages and inhibits human MMP-1 and -9 activities. J Periodontol. 2009;80(11):1875-1882. View abstract.

van Dorsten, F. A., Grun, C. H., van Velzen, E. J., Jacobs, D. M., Draijer, R., and van Duynhoven, J. P. The metabolic fate of red wine and grape juice polyphenols in humans assessed by metabolomics. Mol.Nutr.Food Res 2010;54(7):897-908. View abstract.

Krikorian, R., Nash, T. A., Shidler, M. D., Shukitt-Hale, B., and Joseph, J. A. Concord grape juice supplementation improves memory function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Br J Nutr. 2010;103(5):730-734. View abstract.

Kamiyama, M., Kishimoto, Y., Tani, M., Andoh, K., Utsunomiya, K., and Kondo, K. Inhibition of low-density lipoprotein oxidation by Nagano purple grape (Vitis viniferaxVitis labrusca). J Nutr.Sci.Vitaminol.(Tokyo) 2009;55(6):471-478. View abstract.

Overman, A., Bumrungpert, A., Kennedy, A., Martinez, K., Chuang, C. C., West, T., Dawson, B., Jia, W., and McIntosh, M. Polyphenol-rich grape powder extract (GPE) attenuates inflammation in human macrophages and in human adipocytes exposed to macrophage-conditioned media. Int.J Obes.(Lond) 2010;34(5):800-808. View abstract.

Matias, A. A., Serra, A. T., Silva, A. C., Perdigao, R., Ferreira, T. B., Marcelino, I., Silva, S., Coelho, A. V., Alves, P. M., and Duarte, C. M. Portuguese winemaking residues as a potential source of natural anti-adenoviral agents. Int.J Food Sci.Nutr. 2010;61(4):357-368. View abstract.

Hashemi, M., Kelishadi, R., Hashemipour, M., Zakerameli, A., Khavarian, N., Ghatrehsamani, S., and Poursafa, P. Acute and long-term effects of grape and pomegranate juice consumption on vascular reactivity in paediatric metabolic syndrome. Cardiol Young. 2010;20(1):73-77. View abstract.

Ingersoll, G. L., Wasilewski, A., Haller, M., Pandya, K., Bennett, J., He, H., Hoffmire, C., and Berry, C. Effect of concord grape juice on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: results of a pilot study. Oncol.Nurs.Forum 2010;37(2):213-221. View abstract.

Oliveira-Freitas, V. L., Dalla, Costa T., Manfro, R. C., Cruz, L. B., and Schwartsmann, G. Influence of purple grape juice in cyclosporine bioavailability. J Ren Nutr. 2010;20(5):309-313. View abstract.

Hollis, J. H., Houchins, J. A., Blumberg, J. B., and Mattes, R. D. Effects of concord grape juice on appetite, diet, body weight, lipid profile, and antioxidant status of adults. J Am Coll.Nutr. 2009;28(5):574-582. View abstract.

Uchino, R., Madhyastha, R., Madhyastha, H., Dhungana, S., Nakajima, Y., Omura, S., and Maruyama, M. NFkappaB-dependent regulation of urokinase plasminogen activator by proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extract: effect on invasion by prostate cancer cells. Blood Coagul.Fibrinolysis 2010;21(6):528-533. View abstract.

Khoshbaten, M., Aliasgarzadeh, A., Masnadi, K., Farhang, S., Tarzamani, M. K., Babaei, H., Kiani, J., Zaare, M., and Najafipoor, F. Grape seed extract to improve liver function in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver change. Saudi.J Gastroenterol. 2010;16(3):194-197. View abstract.

Zhang, F. J., Yang, J. Y., Mou, Y. H., Sun, B. S., Wang, J. M., and Wu, C. F. Oligomer procyanidins from grape seeds induce a paraptosis-like programmed cell death in human glioblastoma U-87 cells. Pharm Biol. 2010;48(8):883-890. View abstract.

van Mierlo, L. A., Zock, P. L., van der Knaap, H. C., and Draijer, R. Grape polyphenols do not affect vascular function in healthy men. J Nutr. 2010;140(10):1769-1773. View abstract.

Green, B., Yao, X., Ganguly, A., Xu, C., Dusevich, V., Walker, M. P., and Wang, Y. Grape seed proanthocyanidins increase collagen biodegradation resistance in the dentin/adhesive interface when included in an adhesive. J Dent. 2010;38(11):908-915. View abstract.

Gross, G., Jacobs, D. M., Peters, S., Possemiers, S., van, Duynhoven J., Vaughan, E. E., and van de Wiele, T. In vitro bioconversion of polyphenols from black tea and red wine/grape juice by human intestinal microbiota displays strong interindividual variability. J Agric.Food Chem 9-22-2010;58(18):10236-10246. View abstract.

Dohadwala, M. M., Hamburg, N. M., Holbrook, M., Kim, B. H., Duess, M. A., Levit, A., Titas, M., Chung, W. B., Vincent, F. B., Caiano, T. L., Frame, A. A., Keaney, J. F., Jr., and Vita, J. A. Effects of Concord grape juice on ambulatory blood pressure in prehypertension and stage 1 hypertension. Am J Clin.Nutr. 2010;92(5):1052-1059. View abstract.

Park, M. K., Park, J. S., Cho, M. L., Oh, H. J., Heo, Y. J., Woo, Y. J., Heo, Y. M., Park, M. J., Park, H. S., Park, S. H., Kim, H. Y., and Min, J. K. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) differentially regulates Foxp3(+) regulatory and IL-17(+) pathogenic T cell in autoimmune arthritis. Immunol.Lett. 3-30-2011;135(1-2):50-58. View abstract.

Liu, T., Zhao, J., Li, H., and Ma, L. Evaluation on anti-hepatitis viral activity of Vitis vinifer L. Molecules. 2010;15(10):7415-7422. View abstract.

Rowe, C. A., Nantz, M. P., Nieves, C., Jr., West, R. L., and Percival, S. S. Regular consumption of concord grape juice benefits human immunity. J Med Food 2011;14(1-2):69-78. View abstract.

Rabe, E., Stucker, M., Esperester, A., Schafer, E., and Ottillinger, B. Efficacy and tolerability of a red-vine-leaf extract in patients suffering from chronic venous insufficiency--results of a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Eur.J Vasc.Endovasc.Surg. 2011;41(4):540-547. View abstract.

Matito, C., Agell, N., Sanchez-Tena, S., Torres, J. L., and Cascante, M. Protective effect of structurally diverse grape procyanidin fractions against UV-induced cell damage and death. J Agric.Food Chem 5-11-2011;59(9):4489-4495. View abstract.

Su, X. and D'Souza, D. H. Grape seed extract for control of human enteric viruses. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. 2011;77(12):3982-3987. View abstract.

Pan, X., Dai, Y., Li, X., Niu, N., Li, W., Liu, F., Zhao, Y., and Yu, Z. Inhibition of arsenic-induced rat liver injury by grape seed exact through suppression of NADPH oxidase and TGF-beta/Smad activation. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 8-1-2011;254(3):323-331. View abstract.

Li, Q. Z., Cho, H. S., Jeun, S. H., Kim, K. J., Choi, S. J., and Sung, K. W. Effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin on 5-hydroxytryptamine(3) receptors in NCB-20 neuroblastoma cells. Biol.Pharm Bull. 2011;34(7):1109-1115. View abstract.

Feringa, H. H., Laskey, D. A., Dickson, J. E., and Coleman, C. I. The effect of grape seed extract on cardiovascular risk markers: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Am Diet.Assoc. 2011;111(8):1173-1181. View abstract.

Pires, K. M., Valenca, S. S., Resende, A. C., Porto, L. C., Queiroz, E. F., Moreira, D. D., and de Moura, R. S. Grape skin extract reduced pulmonary oxidative response in mice exposed to cigarette smoke. Med Sci.Monit. 2011;17(8):BR187-BR195. View abstract.

Haniadka, R., Popouri, S., Palatty, P. L., Arora, R., and Baliga, M. S. Medicinal plants as antiemetics in the treatment of cancer: a review. Integr.Cancer Ther. 2012;11(1):18-28. View abstract.

Vidhya, S., Srinivasulu, S., Sujatha, M., and Mahalaxmi, S. Effect of grape seed extract on the bond strength of bleached enamel. Oper.Dent. 2011;36(4):433-438. View abstract.

Trotta, M., Cesaretti, M., Conzi, R., Derchi, L. E., and Borgonovo, G. Elderly male with mesogastric pain. Small bowel obstruction caused by an intact fresh grape. Ann.Emerg.Med 2011;58(4):e1-e2. View abstract.

Gazzani, G., Daglia, M., and Papetti, A. Food components with anticaries activity. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2012;23(2):153-159. View abstract.

Fang, M., Liu, R., Xiao, Y., Li, F., Wang, D., Hou, R., and Chen, J. Biomodification to dentin by a natural crosslinker improved the resin-dentin bonds. J Dent. 2012;40(6):458-466. View abstract.

Jacobs, D. M., Fuhrmann, J. C., van Dorsten, F. A., Rein, D., Peters, S., van Velzen, E. J., Hollebrands, B., Draijer, R., van, Duynhoven J., and Garczarek, U. Impact of short-term intake of red wine and grape polyphenol extract on the human metabolome. J Agric.Food Chem 3-28-2012;60(12):3078-3085. View abstract.

Cherniack, E. P. A berry thought-provoking idea: the potential role of plant polyphenols in the treatment of age-related cognitive disorders. Br J Nutr 2012;108(5):794-800. View abstract.

Tome-Carneiro, J., Gonzalvez, M., Larrosa, M., Yanez-Gascon, M. J., Garcia-Almagro, F. J., Ruiz-Ros, J. A., Garcia-Conesa, M. T., Tomas-Barberan, F. A., and Espin, J. C. One-year consumption of a grape nutraceutical containing resveratrol improves the inflammatory and fibrinolytic status of patients in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Am J Cardiol. 8-1-2012;110(3):356-363. View abstract.

Rababah, T. M., Al-u'datt, M., Almajwal, A., Brewer, S., Feng, H., Al-Mahasneh, M., Ereifej, K., and Yang, W. Evaluation of the nutraceutical, physiochemical and sensory properties of raisin jam. J Food Sci 2012;77(6):C609-C613. View abstract.

Tome-Carneiro, J., Gonzalvez, M., Larrosa, M., Garcia-Almagro, F. J., Aviles-Plaza, F., Parra, S., Yanez-Gascon, M. J., Ruiz-Ros, J. A., Garcia-Conesa, M. T., Tomas-Barberan, F. A., and Espin, J. C. Consumption of a grape extract supplement containing resveratrol decreases oxidized LDL and ApoB in patients undergoing primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a triple-blind, 6-month follow-up, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Mol.Nutr Food Res 2012;56(5):810-821. View abstract.

Islam, S. M., Hiraishi, N., Nassar, M., Sono, R., Otsuki, M., Takatsura, T., Yiu, C., and Tagami, J. In vitro effect of hesperidin on root dentin collagen and de/re-mineralization. Dent.Mater.J 2012;31(3):362-367. View abstract.

De, Groote D., Van, Belleghem K., Deviere, J., Van, Brussel W., Mukaneza, A., and Amininejad, L. Effect of the intake of resveratrol, resveratrol phosphate, and catechin-rich grape seed extract on markers of oxidative stress and gene expression in adult obese subjects. Ann Nutr Metab 2012;61(1):15-24. View abstract.

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McCurdy, S. A., Wiggins, P., Schenker, M. B., Munn, S., Shaieb, A. M., Weinbaum, Z., Goldsmith, D., McGillis, S. T., Berman, B., and Samuels, S. Assessing dermatitis in epidemiologic studies: occupational skin disease among California grape and tomato harvesters. Am J Ind.Med 1989;16(2):147-157. View abstract.

Winter, C. K. and Kurtz, P. H. Factors influencing grape worker susceptibility to skin rashes. Bull.Environ.Contam Toxicol. 1985;35(3):418-426. View abstract.

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Park E, Edirisinghe I, Choy YY, Waterhouse A, Burton-Freeman B. Effects of grape seed extract beverage on blood pressure and metabolic indices in individuals with pre-hypertension: a randomised, double-blinded, two-arm, parallel, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Nutr. 2016;115(2):226-38. View abstract.

Calapai G, Bonina F, Bonina A, et al. A randomized, double-blinded, clinical trial on effects of a Vitis vinifera extract on cognitive function in healthy older adults. Front Pharmacol. 2017;8:776. View abstract.

Lee J, Torosyan N, Silverman DH. Examining the impact of grape consumption on brain metabolism and cognitive function in patients with mild decline in cognition: A double-blinded placebo controlled pilot study. Exp Gerontol. 2017;87(Pt A):121-128. View abstract.

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Berry AC, Nakshabendi R, Abidali H, et al. Adverse effects of grape seed extract supplement: A clinical case and long-term follow-up. J Diet Suppl. 2016;13(2):232-5. View abstract.

Zu XY, Zhang ZY, Zhang XW, Yoshioka M, Yang YN, Li J. Anthocyanins extracted from Chinese blueberry (Vaccinium uliginosum L.) and its anticancer effects on DLD-1 and COLO205 cells. Chin Med J (Engl). 2010;123(19):2714-9. View abstract.

Myasoedova VA, Kirichenko TV, Melnichenko AA, et al. Anti-atherosclerotic effects of a phytoestrogen-rich herbal preparation in postmenopausal women.Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17(8). View abstract.

De Luca C, Mikhal'chik EV, Suprun MV, et al. Skin antiageing and systemic redox effects of supplementation with marine collagen peptides and plant-derived antioxidants: a single-blind case-control clinical study. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:4389410. View abstract.

Urquiaga I, Troncoso D, Mackenna MJ, et al. The consumption of beef burgers prepared with wine grape pomace flour improves fasting glucose, plasma antioxidant levels, and oxidative damage markers in humans: A controlled trial. Nutrients. 2018;10(10). pii: E1388. View abstract.

Martínez-Maqueda D, Zapatera B, Gallego-Narbón A, Vaquero MP, Saura-Calixto F, Pérez-Jiménez J. A 6-week supplementation with grape pomace to subjects at cardiometabolic risk ameliorates insulin sensitivity, without affecting other metabolic syndrome markers. Food Funct. 2018;9(11):6010-6019. View abstract.

Moon SW, Shin YU, Cho H, Bae SH, Kim HK; and for the Mogen Study Group. Effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on hard exudates in patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019;98(21):e15515. View abstract.

Izadpanah A, Soorgi S, Geraminejad N, Hosseini M. Effect of grape seed extract ointment on cesarean section wound healing: a double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2019;35:323-8. View abstract.

Ghaedi E , Moradi S , Aslani Z , Kord-Varkaneh H , Miraghajani M , Mohammadi H . Effects of grape products on blood lipids: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Food Funct. 2019;10(10):6399-6416. View abstract.

Foshati S, Nouripour F, Sadeghi E, Amani R. The effect of grape (Vitis vinifera) seed extract supplementation on flow-mediated dilation, blood pressure, and heart rate: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials with duration- and dose-response analysis. Pharmacol Res 2022;175:105905. View abstract.

Schön C, Allegrini P, Engelhart-Jentzsch K, Riva A, Petrangolini G. Grape Seed Extract Positively Modulates Blood Pressure and Perceived Stress: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study in Healthy Volunteers. Nutrients 2021;13(2):654. View abstract.

Derosa G, D'Angelo A, Preti PS, Maffioli P. Evaluation of the Effect on Sexual Performance of a Nutraceutical Combination Containing Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitis vinifera L. and Ginkgo biloba, Compared to Placebo, Avanafil or a Combination of Nutraceutical Plus Avanafil in Males With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Erectile Dysfunction. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022;13:847240. View abstract.