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Cook-Mozaffari, P. J., Azordegan, F., Day, N. E., Ressicaud, A., Sabai, C., and Aramesh, B. Oesophageal cancer studies in the Caspian Littoral of Iran: results of a case-control study. Br.J Cancer 1979;39(3):293-309. View abstract.

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Hughes, D. A., Wright, A. J., Finglas, P. M., Polley, A. C., Bailey, A. L., Astley, S. B., and Southon, S. Effects of lycopene and lutein supplementation on the expression of functionally associated surface molecules on blood monocytes from healthy male nonsmokers. J Infect.Dis 2000;182 Suppl 1:S11-S15. View abstract.

Chopra, M., O'Neill, M. E., Keogh, N., Wortley, G., Southon, S., and Thurnham, D. I. Influence of increased fruit and vegetable intake on plasma and lipoprotein carotenoids and LDL oxidation in smokers and nonsmokers. Clin.Chem. 2000;46(11):1818-1829. View abstract.

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Parsons, J. K., Newman, V. A., Mohler, J. L., Pierce, J. P., Flatt, S., and Marshall, J. Dietary modification in patients with prostate cancer on active surveillance: a randomized, multicentre feasibility study. BJU.Int. 2008;101(10):1227-1231. View abstract.

Dherani, M., Murthy, G. V., Gupta, S. K., Young, I. S., Maraini, G., Camparini, M., Price, G. M., John, N., Chakravarthy, U., and Fletcher, A. E. Blood levels of vitamin C, carotenoids and retinol are inversely associated with cataract in a North Indian population. Invest Ophthalmol.Vis.Sci. 2008;49(8):3328-3335. View abstract.

Kabat, G. C., Kim, M., Adams-Campbell, L. L., Caan, B. J., Chlebowski, R. T., Neuhouser, M. L., Shikany, J. M., and Rohan, T. E. Longitudinal study of serum carotenoid, retinol, and tocopherol concentrations in relation to breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 2009;90(1):162-169. View abstract.

Thyagarajan, B., Meyer, A., Smith, L. J., Beckett, W. S., Williams, O. D., Gross, M. D., and Jacobs, D. R., Jr. Serum carotenoid concentrations predict lung function evolution in young adults: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 2011;94(5):1211-1218. View abstract.

Farges, M. C., Minet-Quinard, R., Walrand, S., Thivat, E., Ribalta, J., Winklhofer-Roob, B., Rock, E., and Vasson, M. P. Immune status is more affected by age than by carotenoid depletion-repletion in healthy human subjects. Br J Nutr 12-14-2012;108(11):2054-2065. View abstract.

Bohm, F., Edge, R., and Truscott, T. G. Interactions of dietary carotenoids with singlet oxygen (1O2) and free radicals: potential effects for human health. Acta Biochim.Pol. 2012;59(1):27-30. View abstract.

Azqueta, A. and Collins, A. R. Carotenoids and DNA damage. Mutat.Res 5-1-2012;733(1-2):4-13. View abstract.

Ros, M. M., Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B., Kampman, E., Aben, K. K., Buchner, F. L., Jansen, E. H., van Gils, C. H., Egevad, L., Overvad, K., Tjonneland, A., Roswall, N., Boutron-Ruault, M. C., Kvaskoff, M., Perquier, F., Kaaks, R., Chang-Claude, J., Weikert, S., Boeing, H., Trichopoulou, A., Lagiou, P., Dilis, V., Palli, D., Pala, V., Sacerdote, C., Tumino, R., Panico, S., Peeters, P. H., Gram, I. T., Skeie, G., Huerta, J. M., Barricarte, A., Quiros, J. R., Sanchez, M. J., Buckland, G., Larranaga, N., Ehrnstrom, R., Wallstrom, P., Ljungberg, B., Hallmans, G., Key, T. J., Allen, N. E., Khaw, K. T., Wareham, N., Brennan, P., Riboli, E., and Kiemeney, L. A. Plasma carotenoids and vitamin C concentrations and risk of urothelial cell carcinoma in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;96(4):902-910. View abstract.

Rock, C. L., Flatt, S. W., Wright, F. A., Faerber, S., Newman, V., Kealey, S., and Pierce, J. P. Responsiveness of carotenoids to a high vegetable diet intervention designed to prevent breast cancer recurrence. Cancer Epidemiol.Biomarkers Prev. 1997;6(8):617-623. View abstract.

Lyle, B. J., Mares-Perlman, J. A., Klein, B. E., Klein, R., Palta, M., Bowen, P. E., and Greger, J. L. Serum carotenoids and tocopherols and incidence of age-related nuclear cataract. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69(2):272-277. View abstract.

Kim MK, Ahn SH Lee-Kim. Relationship of serum alpha-tocopherol, carotenoids and retinol with the risk of breast cancer. Nutr Res 2001;21:797-809.

Riso, P., Pinder, A., Santangelo, A., and Porrini, M. Does tomato consumption effectively increase the resistance of lymphocyte DNA to oxidative damage? Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69(4):712-718. View abstract.

Amir, H., Karas, M., Giat, J., Danilenko, M., Levy, R., Yermiahu, T., Levy, J., and Sharoni, Y. Lycopene and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 cooperate in the inhibition of cell cycle progression and induction of differentiation in HL-60 leukemic cells. Nutr Cancer 1999;33(1):105-112. View abstract.

Rao, A. V., Fleshner, N., and Agarwal, S. Serum and tissue lycopene and biomarkers of oxidation in prostate cancer patients: a case-control study. Nutr Cancer 1999;33(2):159-164. View abstract.

Dugas, T. R., Morel, D. W., and Harrison, E. H. Dietary supplementation with beta-carotene, but not with lycopene, inhibits endothelial cell-mediated oxidation of low-density lipoprotein. Free Radic.Biol.Med 1999;26(9-10):1238-1244. View abstract.

Sutherland, W. H., Walker, R. J., De Jong, S. A., and Upritchard, J. E. Supplementation with tomato juice increases plasma lycopene but does not alter susceptibility to oxidation of low-density lipoproteins from renal transplant recipients. Clin Nephrol. 1999;52(1):30-36. View abstract.

Rehman, A., Bourne, L. C., Halliwell, B., and Rice-Evans, C. A. Tomato consumption modulates oxidative DNA damage in humans. Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun. 9-7-1999;262(3):828-831. View abstract.

Sengupta, A. and Das, S. The anti-carcinogenic role of lycopene, abundantly present in tomato. Eur.J Cancer Prev. 1999;8(4):325-330. View abstract.

Cohen, L. A., Zhao, Z., Pittman, B., and Khachik, F. Effect of dietary lycopene on N-methylnitrosourea-induced mammary tumorigenesis. Nutr Cancer 1999;34(2):153-159. View abstract.

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Upritchard, J. E., Sutherland, W. H., and Mann, J. I. Effect of supplementation with tomato juice, vitamin E, and vitamin C on LDL oxidation and products of inflammatory activity in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2000;23(6):733-738. View abstract.

Carroll, Y. L., Corridan, B. M., and Morrissey, P. A. Lipoprotein carotenoid profiles and the susceptibility of low density lipoprotein to oxidative modification in healthy elderly volunteers. Eur.J.Clin.Nutr. 2000;54(6):500-507. View abstract.

De Stefani, E., Oreggia, F., Boffetta, P., Deneo-Pellegrini, H., Ronco, A., and Mendilaharsu, M. Tomatoes, tomato-rich foods, lycopene and cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract: a case-control in Uruguay. Oral Oncol. 2000;36(1):47-53. View abstract.

Bub, A., Watzl, B., Abrahamse, L., Delincee, H., Adam, S., Wever, J., Muller, H., and Rechkemmer, G. Moderate intervention with carotenoid-rich vegetable products reduces lipid peroxidation in men. J Nutr 2000;130(9):2200-2206. View abstract.

Fuhrman, B., Volkova, N., Rosenblat, M., and Aviram, M. Lycopene synergistically inhibits LDL oxidation in combination with vitamin E, glabridin, rosmarinic acid, carnosic acid, or garlic. Antioxid.Redox.Signal. 2000;2(3):491-506. View abstract.

Stahl, W., Heinrich, U., Wiseman, S., Eichler, O., Sies, H., and Tronnier, H. Dietary tomato paste protects against ultraviolet light-induced erythema in humans. J Nutr 2001;131(5):1449-1451. View abstract.

Simon, M. S., Djuric, Z., Dunn, B., Stephens, D., Lababidi, S., and Heilbrun, L. K. An Evaluation of Plasma Antioxidant Levels and the Risk of Breast Cancer: A Pilot Case Control Study. Breast J 2000;6(6):388-395. View abstract.

Cronin, K. A., Krebs-Smith, S. M., Feuer, E. J., Troiano, R. P., and Ballard-Barbash, R. Evaluating the impact of population changes in diet, physical activity, and weight status on population risk for colon cancer (United States). Cancer Causes Control 2001;12(4):305-316. View abstract.

Maruyama, C., Imamura, K., Oshima, S., Suzukawa, M., Egami, S., Tonomoto, M., Baba, N., Harada, M., Ayaori, M., Inakuma, T., and Ishikawa, T. Effects of tomato juice consumption on plasma and lipoprotein carotenoid concentrations and the susceptibility of low density lipoprotein to oxidative modification. J.Nutr.Sci.Vitaminol.(Tokyo) 2001;47(3):213-221. View abstract.

Chen, L., Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis, M., Duncan, C., Sharifi, R., Ghosh, L., van Breemen, R., Ashton, D., and Bowen, P. E. Oxidative DNA damage in prostate cancer patients consuming tomato sauce- based entrees as a whole-food intervention. J Natl.Cancer Inst. 12-19-2001;93(24):1872-1879. View abstract.

Gianetti, J., Pedrinelli, R., Petrucci, R., Lazzerini, G., De Caterina, M., Bellomo, G., and De Caterina, R. Inverse association between carotid intima-media thickness and the antioxidant lycopene in atherosclerosis. Am Heart J 2002;143(3):467-474. View abstract.

Offord, E. A., Gautier, J. C., Avanti, O., Scaletta, C., Runge, F., Kramer, K., and Applegate, L. A. Photoprotective potential of lycopene, beta-carotene, vitamin E, vitamin C and carnosic acid in UVA-irradiated human skin fibroblasts. Free Radic.Biol.Med 6-15-2002;32(12):1293-1303. View abstract.

Porrini, M., Riso, P., and Oriani, G. Spinach and tomato consumption increases lymphocyte DNA resistance to oxidative stress but this is not related to cell carotenoid concentrations. Eur.J.Nutr. 2002;41(3):95-100. View abstract.

Holick, C. N., Michaud, D. S., Stolzenberg-Solomon, R., Mayne, S. T., Pietinen, P., Taylor, P. R., Virtamo, J., and Albanes, D. Dietary carotenoids, serum beta-carotene, and retinol and risk of lung cancer in the alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene cohort study. Am J Epidemiol. 9-15-2002;156(6):536-547. View abstract.

Bowen, P., Chen, L., Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis, M., Duncan, C., Sharifi, R., Ghosh, L., Kim, H. S., Christov-Tzelkov, K., and van Breemen, R. Tomato sauce supplementation and prostate cancer: lycopene accumulation and modulation of biomarkers of carcinogenesis. Exp.Biol.Med (Maywood.) 2002;227(10):886-893. View abstract.

Huang, H. Y., Alberg, A. J., Norkus, E. P., Hoffman, S. C., Comstock, G. W., and Helzlsouer, K. J. Prospective study of antioxidant micronutrients in the blood and the risk of developing prostate cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 2-15-2003;157(4):335-344. View abstract.

Hadley, C. W., Clinton, S. K., and Schwartz, S. J. The consumption of processed tomato products enhances plasma lycopene concentrations in association with a reduced lipoprotein sensitivity to oxidative damage. J Nutr 2003;133(3):727-732. View abstract.

Sharma, J. B., Kumar, A., Kumar, A., Malhotra, M., Arora, R., Prasad, S., and Batra, S. Effect of lycopene on pre-eclampsia and intra-uterine growth retardation in primigravidas. Int J Gynaecol.Obstet. 2003;81(3):257-262. View abstract.

Gupta, N. P. and Kumar, R. Lycopene therapy in idiopathic male infertility--a preliminary report. Int Urol Nephrol. 2002;34(3):369-372. View abstract.

Visioli, F., Riso, P., Grande, S., Galli, C., and Porrini, M. Protective activity of tomato products on in vivo markers of lipid oxidation. Eur.J Nutr. 2003;42(4):201-206. View abstract.

Ansari, M. S. and Gupta, N. P. A comparison of lycopene and orchidectomy vs orchidectomy alone in the management of advanced prostate cancer. BJU.Int 2003;92(4):375-378. View abstract.

Block, G., Patterson, B., and Subar, A. Fruit, vegetables, and cancer prevention: a review of the epidemiological evidence. Nutr Cancer 1992;18(1):1-29. View abstract.

London, S. J., Stein, E. A., Henderson, I. C., Stampfer, M. J., Wood, W. C., Remine, S., Dmochowski, J. R., Robert, N. J., and Willett, W. C. Carotenoids, retinol, and vitamin E and risk of proliferative benign breast disease and breast cancer. Cancer Causes Control 1992;3(6):503-512. View abstract.

Stahl, W. and Sies, H. Uptake of lycopene and its geometrical isomers is greater from heat- processed than from unprocessed tomato juice in humans. J Nutr 1992;122(11):2161-2166. View abstract.

Candelora, E. C., Stockwell, H. G., Armstrong, A. W., and Pinkham, P. A. Dietary intake and risk of lung cancer in women who never smoked. Nutr Cancer 1992;17(3):263-270. View abstract.

Watzl, B., Bub, A., Briviba, K., and Rechkemmer, G. Supplementation of a low-carotenoid diet with tomato or carrot juice modulates immune functions in healthy men. Ann Nutr Metab 2003;47(6):255-261. View abstract.

Kim, H. S., Bowen, P., Chen, L., Duncan, C., Ghosh, L., Sharifi, R., and Christov, K. Effects of tomato sauce consumption on apoptotic cell death in prostate benign hyperplasia and carcinoma. Nutr.Cancer 2003;47(1):40-47. View abstract.

Tyssandier, V., Feillet-Coudray, C., Caris-Veyrat, C., Guilland, J. C., Coudray, C., Bureau, S., Reich, M., Amiot-Carlin, M. J., Bouteloup-Demange, C., Boirie, Y., and Borel, P. Effect of tomato product consumption on the plasma status of antioxidant microconstituents and on the plasma total antioxidant capacity in healthy subjects. J.Am.Coll.Nutr. 2004;23(2):148-156. View abstract.

Riso, P., Visioli, F., Erba, D., Testolin, G., and Porrini, M. Lycopene and vitamin C concentrations increase in plasma and lymphocytes after tomato intake. Effects on cellular antioxidant protection. Eur.J.Clin.Nutr. 2004;58(10):1350-1358. View abstract.

Briviba, K., Kulling, S. E., Moseneder, J., Watzl, B., Rechkemmer, G., and Bub, A. Effects of supplementing a low-carotenoid diet with a tomato extract for 2 weeks on endogenous levels of DNA single strand breaks and immune functions in healthy non-smokers and smokers. Carcinogenesis 2004;25(12):2373-2378. View abstract.

Collins, J. K., Arjmandi, B. H., Claypool, P. L., Perkins-Veazie, P., Baker, R. A., and Clevidence, B. A. Lycopene from two food sources does not affect antioxidant or cholesterol status of middle-aged adults. Nutr.J. 9-15-2004;3:15. View abstract.

Ansari, M. S. and Gupta, N. P. Lycopene: a novel drug therapy in hormone refractory metastatic prostate cancer. Urol.Oncol. 2004;22(5):415-420. View abstract.

Rao, A. V. Processed tomato products as a source of dietary lycopene: bioavailability and antioxidant properties. Can.J.Diet.Pract.Res. 2004;65(4):161-165. View abstract.

Tuyns, A. J., Kaaks, R., Haelterman, M., and Riboli, E. Diet and gastric cancer. A case-control study in Belgium. Int J Cancer 4-22-1992;51(1):1-6. View abstract.

Porrini, M., Riso, P., Brusamolino, A., Berti, C., Guarnieri, S., and Visioli, F. Daily intake of a formulated tomato drink affects carotenoid plasma and lymphocyte concentrations and improves cellular antioxidant protection. Br.J.Nutr. 2005;93(1):93-99. View abstract.

Falk, B., Gorev, R., Zigel, L., Ben Amotz, A., and Neuman, I. Effect of lycopene supplementation on lung function after exercise in young athletes who complain of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction symptoms. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2005;94(4):480-485. View abstract.

Bub, A., Barth, S. W., Watzl, B., Briviba, K., and Rechkemmer, G. Paraoxonase 1 Q192R (PON1-192) polymorphism is associated with reduced lipid peroxidation in healthy young men on a low-carotenoid diet supplemented with tomato juice. Br J Nutr 2005;93(3):291-297. View abstract.

Hsiao, G., Wang, Y., Tzu, N. H., Fong, T. H., Shen, M. Y., Lin, K. H., Chou, D. S., and Sheu, J. R. Inhibitory effects of lycopene on in vitro platelet activation and in vivo prevention of thrombus formation. J Lab Clin Med 2005;146(4):216-226. View abstract.

Schroder, F. H., Roobol, M. J., Boeve, E. R., de Mutsert, R., Zuijdgeest-van Leeuwen, S. D., Kersten, I., Wildhagen, M. F., and van Helvoort, A. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study in men with prostate cancer and rising PSA: effectiveness of a dietary supplement. Eur Urol 2005;48(6):922-930. View abstract.

Watzl, B., Kulling, S. E., Moseneder, J., Barth, S. W., and Bub, A. A 4-wk intervention with high intake of carotenoid-rich vegetables and fruit reduces plasma C-reactive protein in healthy, nonsmoking men. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 2005;82(5):1052-1058. View abstract.

Forman, M. R., Yao, S. X., Graubard, B. I., Qiao, Y. L., McAdams, M., Mao, B. L., and Taylor, P. R. The effect of dietary intake of fruits and vegetables on the odds ratio of lung cancer among Yunnan tin miners. Int J Epidemiol. 1992;21(3):437-441. View abstract.

Tavani, A., Longoni, E., Bosetti, C., Maso, L. D., Polesel, J., Montella, M., Ramazzotti, V., Negri, E., Franceschi, S., and La Vecchia, C. Intake of selected micronutrients and the risk of surgically treated benign prostatic hyperplasia: a case-control study from Italy. Eur Urol 2006;50(3):549-554. View abstract.

Bueno de Mesquita, H. B., Maisonneuve, P., Runia, S., and Moerman, C. J. Intake of foods and nutrients and cancer of the exocrine pancreas: a population-based case-control study in The Netherlands. Int J Cancer 6-19-1991;48(4):540-549. View abstract.

Riso, P., Visioli, F., Grande, S., Guarnieri, S., Gardana, C., Simonetti, P., and Porrini, M. Effect of a tomato-based drink on markers of inflammation, immunomodulation, and oxidative stress. J Agric Food Chem 4-5-2006;54(7):2563-2566. View abstract.

de Vet, H. C., Knipschild, P. G., Grol, M. E., Schouten, H. J., and Sturmans, F. The role of beta-carotene and other dietary factors in the aetiology of cervical dysplasia: results of a case-control study. Int J Epidemiol. 1991;20(3):603-610. View abstract.

Misra, R., Mangi, S., Joshi, S., Mittal, S., Gupta, S. K., and Pandey, R. M. LycoRed as an alternative to hormone replacement therapy in lowering serum lipids and oxidative stress markers: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2006;32(3):299-304. View abstract.

Clark, P. E., Hall, M. C., Borden, L. S., Jr., Miller, A. A., Hu, J. J., Lee, W. R., Stindt, D., D'Agostino, R., Jr., Lovato, J., Harmon, M., and Torti, F. M. Phase I-II prospective dose-escalating trial of lycopene in patients with biochemical relapse of prostate cancer after definitive local therapy. Urology 2006;67(6):1257-1261. View abstract.

Koushik, A., Hunter, D. J., Spiegelman, D., Anderson, K. E., Buring, J. E., Freudenheim, J. L., Goldbohm, R. A., Hankinson, S. E., Larsson, S. C., Leitzmann, M., Marshall, J. R., McCullough, M. L., Miller, A. B., Rodriguez, C., Rohan, T. E., Ross, J. A., Schatzkin, A., Schouten, L. J., Willett, W. C., Wolk, A., Zhang, S. M., and Smith-Warner, S. A. Intake of the major carotenoids and the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer in a pooled analysis of 10 cohort studies. Int J Cancer 11-1-2006;119(9):2148-2154. View abstract.

Edinger, M. S. and Koff, W. J. Effect of the consumption of tomato paste on plasma prostate-specific antigen levels in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia. Braz.J Med Biol Res 2006;39(8):1115-1119. View abstract.

O'Kennedy, N., Crosbie, L., Whelan, S., Luther, V., Horgan, G., Broom, J. I., Webb, D. J., and Duttaroy, A. K. Effects of tomato extract on platelet function: a double-blinded crossover study in healthy humans. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 2006;84(3):561-569. View abstract.

O'Kennedy, N., Crosbie, L., van, Lieshout M., Broom, J. I., Webb, D. J., and Duttaroy, A. K. Effects of antiplatelet components of tomato extract on platelet function in vitro and ex vivo: a time-course cannulation study in healthy humans. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 2006;84(3):570-579. View abstract.

Barber, N. J., Zhang, X., Zhu, G., Pramanik, R., Barber, J. A., Martin, F. L., Morris, J. D., and Muir, G. H. Lycopene inhibits DNA synthesis in primary prostate epithelial cells in vitro and its administration is associated with a reduced prostate-specific antigen velocity in a phase II clinical study. Prostate Cancer Prostatic.Dis 2006;9(4):407-413. View abstract.

Paterson, E., Gordon, M. H., Niwat, C., George, T. W., Parr, L., Waroonphan, S., and Lovegrove, J. A. Supplementation with fruit and vegetable soups and beverages increases plasma carotenoid concentrations but does not alter markers of oxidative stress or cardiovascular risk factors. J.Nutr. 2006;136(11):2849-2855. View abstract.

Bosetti, C., Scotti, L., Maso, L. D., Talamini, R., Montella, M., Negri, E., Ramazzotti, V., Franceschi, S., and La Vecchia, C. Micronutrients and the risk of renal cell cancer: a case-control study from Italy. Int J Cancer 2-15-2007;120(4):892-896. View abstract.

Blum, A., Merei, M., Karem, A., Blum, N., Ben-Arzi, S., Wirsansky, I., and Khazim, K. Effects of tomatoes on the lipid profile. Clin.Invest Med. 2006;29(5):298-300. View abstract.

Kumar, A., Bagewadi, A., Keluskar, V., and Singh, M. Efficacy of lycopene in the management of oral submucous fibrosis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol.Endod. 2007;103(2):207-213. View abstract.

Unlu, N. Z., Bohn, T., Francis, D., Clinton, S. K., and Schwartz, S. J. Carotenoid absorption in humans consuming tomato sauces obtained from tangerine or high-beta-carotene varieties of tomatoes. J Agric Food Chem 2-21-2007;55(4):1597-1603. View abstract.

Bose, K. S. and Agrawal, B. K. Effect of long term supplementation of tomatoes (cooked) on levels of antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation rate, lipid profile and glycated haemoglobin in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. West Indian Med.J. 2006;55(4):274-278. View abstract.

Jatoi, A., Burch, P., Hillman, D., Vanyo, J. M., Dakhil, S., Nikcevich, D., Rowland, K., Morton, R., Flynn, P. J., Young, C., and Tan, W. A tomato-based, lycopene-containing intervention for androgen-independent prostate cancer: results of a Phase II study from the North Central Cancer Treatment Group. Urology 2007;69(2):289-294. View abstract.

Unlu, N. Z., Bohn, T., Francis, D. M., Nagaraja, H. N., Clinton, S. K., and Schwartz, S. J. Lycopene from heat-induced cis-isomer-rich tomato sauce is more bioavailable than from all-trans-rich tomato sauce in human subjects. Br J Nutr 2007;98(1):140-146. View abstract.

Bose, K. S. and Agrawal, B. K. Effect of lycopene from cooked tomatoes on serum antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation rate and lipid profile in coronary heart disease. Singapore Med.J. 2007;48(5):415-420. View abstract.

Goyal, A., Chopra, M., Lwaleed, B. A., Birch, B., and Cooper, A. J. The effects of dietary lycopene supplementation on human seminal plasma. BJU.Int 2007;99(6):1456-1460. View abstract.

Potischman, N., Herrero, R., Brinton, L. A., Reeves, W. C., Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis, M., Jones, C. J., Brenes, M. M., Tenorio, F., de Britton, R. C., and Gaitan, E. A case-control study of nutrient status and invasive cervical cancer. II. Serologic indicators. Am J Epidemiol. 12-1-1991;134(11):1347-1355. View abstract.

Bunker, C. H., McDonald, A. C., Evans, R. W., de la, Rosa N., Boumosleh, J. M., and Patrick, A. L. A randomized trial of lycopene supplementation in Tobago men with high prostate cancer risk. Nutr Cancer 2007;57(2):130-137. View abstract.

Silaste, M. L., Alfthan, G., Aro, A., Kesaniemi, Y. A., and Horkko, S. Tomato juice decreases LDL cholesterol levels and increases LDL resistance to oxidation. Br.J.Nutr. 2007;98(6):1251-1258. View abstract.

Shen, Y. C., Chen, S. L., and Wang, C. K. Contribution of tomato phenolics to antioxidation and down-regulation of blood lipids. J.Agric.Food Chem. 8-8-2007;55(16):6475-6481. View abstract.

Jacob, K., Periago, M. J., Bohm, V., and Berruezo, G. R. Influence of lycopene and vitamin C from tomato juice on biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation. Br.J.Nutr. 2008;99(1):137-146. View abstract.

Steinmetz, K. A. and Potter, J. D. Vegetables, fruit, and cancer. II. Mechanisms. Cancer Causes Control 1991;2(6):427-442. View abstract.

Schmitz, H. H., Poor, C. L., Wellman, R. B., and Erdman, J. W., Jr. Concentrations of selected carotenoids and vitamin A in human liver, kidney and lung tissue. J Nutr 1991;121(10):1613-1621. View abstract.

Kawashima, A., Madarame, T., Koike, H., Komatsu, Y., and Wise, J. A. Four week supplementation with mixed fruit and vegetable juice concentrates increased protective serum antioxidants and folate and decreased plasma homocysteine in Japanese subjects. Asia Pac.J.Clin.Nutr. 2007;16(3):411-421. View abstract.

Blum, A., Monir, M., Khazim, K., Peleg, A., and Blum, N. Tomato-rich (Mediterranean) diet does not modify inflammatory markers. Clin.Invest Med. 2007;30(2):E70-E74. View abstract.

Vaishampayan, U., Hussain, M., Banerjee, M., Seren, S., Sarkar, F. H., Fontana, J., Forman, J. D., Cher, M. L., Powell, I., Pontes, J. E., and Kucuk, O. Lycopene and soy isoflavones in the treatment of prostate cancer. Nutr Cancer 2007;59(1):1-7. View abstract.

Schwarz, S., Obermuller-Jevic, U. C., Hellmis, E., Koch, W., Jacobi, G., and Biesalski, H. K. Lycopene inhibits disease progression in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia. J Nutr 2008;138(1):49-53. View abstract.

Chandra, R. V., Prabhuji, M. L., Roopa, D. A., Ravirajan, S., and Kishore, H. C. Efficacy of lycopene in the treatment of gingivitis: a randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Oral Health Prev.Dent 2007;5(4):327-336. View abstract.

Wood, L. G., Garg, M. L., Powell, H., and Gibson, P. G. Lycopene-rich treatments modify noneosinophilic airway inflammation in asthma: proof of concept. Free Radic.Res. 2008;42(1):94-102. View abstract.

Grainger, E. M., Schwartz, S. J., Wang, S., Unlu, N. Z., Boileau, T. W., Ferketich, A. K., Monk, J. P., Gong, M. C., Bahnson, R. R., DeGroff, V. L., and Clinton, S. K. A combination of tomato and soy products for men with recurring prostate cancer and rising prostate specific antigen. Nutr Cancer 2008;60(2):145-154. View abstract.

Baghurst, P. A., McMichael, A. J., Slavotinek, A. H., Baghurst, K. I., Boyle, P., and Walker, A. M. A case-control study of diet and cancer of the pancreas. Am J Epidemiol. 7-15-1991;134(2):167-179. View abstract.

Denniss, S. G., Haffner, T. D., Kroetsch, J. T., Davidson, S. R., Rush, J. W., and Hughson, R. L. Effect of short-term lycopene supplementation and postprandial dyslipidemia on plasma antioxidants and biomarkers of endothelial health in young, healthy individuals. Vasc.Health Risk Manag. 2008;4(1):213-222. View abstract.

Hernandez-Valero, M. A., Thomson, C. A., Hernandez, M., Tran, T., Detry, M. A., Theriault, R. L., Hajek, R. A., Pierce, J. P., Flatt, S. W., Caan, B. J., and Jones, L. A. Comparison of baseline dietary intake of Hispanic and matched non-Hispanic white breast cancer survivors enrolled in the Women's Healthy Eating and Living study. J.Am.Diet.Assoc. 2008;108(8):1323-1329. View abstract.

Devaraj, S., Mathur, S., Basu, A., Aung, H. H., Vasu, V. T., Meyers, S., and Jialal, I. A dose-response study on the effects of purified lycopene supplementation on biomarkers of oxidative stress. J.Am.Coll.Nutr. 2008;27(2):267-273. View abstract.

Boeing, H., Jedrychowski, W., Wahrendorf, J., Popiela, T., Tobiasz-Adamczyk, B., and Kulig, A. Dietary risk factors in intestinal and diffuse types of stomach cancer: a multicenter case-control study in Poland. Cancer Causes Control 1991;2(4):227-233. View abstract.

Riboli, E., Gonzalez, C. A., Lopez-Abente, G., Errezola, M., Izarzugaza, I., Escolar, A., Nebot, M., Hemon, B., and Agudo, A. Diet and bladder cancer in Spain: a multi-centre case-control study. Int J Cancer 9-9-1991;49(2):214-219. View abstract.

Fedorowicz, Z., Chan Shih-Yen, E., Dorri, M., Nasser, M., Newton, T., and Shi, L. Interventions for the management of oral submucous fibrosis. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2008;(4):CD007156. View abstract.

Knekt, P., Jarvinen, R., Seppanen, R., Rissanen, A., Aromaa, A., Heinonen, O. P., Albanes, D., Heinonen, M., Pukkala, E., and Teppo, L. Dietary antioxidants and the risk of lung cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 9-1-1991;134(5):471-479. View abstract.

Itsiopoulos, C., Hodge, A., and Kaimakamis, M. Can the Mediterranean diet prevent prostate cancer? Mol.Nutr.Food Res. 2009;53(2):227-239. View abstract.

Paran, E., Novack, V., Engelhard, Y. N., and Hazan-Halevy, I. The effects of natural antioxidants from tomato extract in treated but uncontrolled hypertensive patients. Cardiovasc.Drugs Ther. 2009;23(2):145-151. View abstract.

Schwenke, C., Ubrig, B., Thurmann, P., Eggersmann, C., and Roth, S. Lycopene for advanced hormone refractory prostate cancer: a prospective, open phase II pilot study. J.Urol. 2009;181(3):1098-1103. View abstract.

Perabo, F. G., von Low, E. C., Siener, R., Ellinger, J., Muller, S. C., and Bastian, P. J. [A critical assessment of phytotherapy for prostate cancer]. Urologe A 2009;48(3):270-283. View abstract.

Hozawa, A., Jacobs, D. R., Jr., Steffes, M. W., Gross, M. D., Steffen, L. M., and Lee, D. H. Circulating carotenoid concentrations and incident hypertension: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. J.Hypertens. 2009;27(2):237-242. View abstract.

Gonzalez, C. A., Sanz, J. M., Marcos, G., Pita, S., Brullet, E., Saigi, E., Badia, A., and Riboli, E. Dietary factors and stomach cancer in Spain: a multi-centre case- control study. Int J Cancer 10-21-1991;49(4):513-519. View abstract.

Hu, J. F., Liu, Y. Y., Yu, Y. K., Zhao, T. Z., Liu, S. D., and Wang, Q. Q. Diet and cancer of the colon and rectum: a case-control study in China. Int J Epidemiol. 1991;20(2):362-367. View abstract.

Ellinger, S., Ellinger, J., Muller, S. C., and Stehle, P. [Tomatoes and lycopene in prevention and therapy--is there an evidence for prostate diseases?]. Aktuelle Urol. 2009;40(1):37-43. View abstract.

Di Giacomo, C., Acquaviva, R., Sorrenti, V., Vanella, A., Grasso, S., Barcellona, M. L., Galvano, F., Vanella, L., and Renis, M. Oxidative and antioxidant status in plasma of runners: effect of oral supplementation with natural antioxidants. J.Med.Food 2009;12(1):145-150. View abstract.

Zhang, L. X., Cooney, R. V., and Bertram, J. S. Carotenoids enhance gap junctional communication and inhibit lipid peroxidation in C3H/10T1/2 cells: relationship to their cancer chemopreventive action. Carcinogenesis 1991;12(11):2109-2114. View abstract.

Banerjee, S., Jeyaseelan, S., and Guleria, R. Trial of lycopene to prevent pre-eclampsia in healthy primigravidas: results show some adverse effects. J.Obstet.Gynaecol.Res. 2009;35(3):477-482. View abstract.

Cho, H., Kim, M. K., Lee, J. K., Son, S. K., Lee, K. B., Lee, J. M., Lee, J. P., Hur, S. Y., and Kim, J. H. Relationship of serum antioxidant micronutrients and sociodemographic factors to cervical neoplasia: a case-control study. Clin.Chem.Lab Med. 2009;47(8):1005-1012. View abstract.

Ziegler, R. G. Vegetables, fruits, and carotenoids and the risk of cancer. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;53(1 Suppl):251S-259S. View abstract.

Franceschi, S., Bidoli, E., Baron, A. E., Barra, S., Talamini, R., Serraino, D., and La Vecchia, C. Nutrition and cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx in north-east Italy. Int J Cancer 1-2-1991;47(1):20-25. View abstract.

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Okajima, E., Ozono, S., Endo, T., Majima, T., Tsutsumi, M., Fukuda, T., Akai, H., Denda, A., Hirao, Y., Okajima, E., Nishino, H., Nir, Z., and Konishi, Y. Chemopreventive efficacy of piroxicam administered alone or in combination with lycopene and beta-carotene on the development of rat urinary bladder carcinoma after N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine treatment. Jpn J Cancer Res 1997;88(6):543-552. View abstract.

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