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Klopstock, T., Querner, V., Schmidt, F., Gekeler, F., Walter, M., Hartard, M., Henning, M., Gasser, T., Pongratz, D., Straube, A., Dieterich, M., and Muller-Felber, W. A placebo-controlled crossover trial of creatine in mitochondrial diseases. Neurology 12-12-2000;55(11):1748-1751. View abstract.

Crim, M. C., Calloway, D. H., and Margen, S. Creatine metabolism in men: urinary creatine and creatinine excretions with creatine feeding. J Nutr. 1975;105(4):428-438. View abstract.

Eijnde BO, Urso, B., Richter, E. A., Greenhaff, P. L., and Hespel, P. Effect of oral creatine supplementation on human muscle GLUT4 protein content after immobilization. Diabetes 2001;50(1):18-23. View abstract.

Bellinger, B. M., Bold, A., Wilson, G. R., Noakes, T. D., and Myburgh, K. H. Oral creatine supplementation decreases plasma markers of adenine nucleotide degradation during a 1-h cycle test. Acta Physiol Scand. 2000;170(3):217-224. View abstract.

Rockwell, J. A., Rankin, J. W., and Toderico, B. Creatine supplementation affects muscle creatine during energy restriction. Med Sci.Sports Exerc. 2001;33(1):61-68. View abstract.

Verhoeven, N. M., Guerand, W. S., Struys, E. A., Bouman, A. A., van der Knaap, M. S., and Jakobs, C. Plasma creatinine assessment in creatine deficiency: A diagnostic pitfall. J Inherit.Metab Dis. 2000;23(8):835-840. View abstract.

Skare, O. C., Skadberg, and Wisnes, A. R. Creatine supplementation improves sprint performance in male sprinters. Scand.J Med Sci.Sports 2001;11(2):96-102. View abstract.

Op 't, Eijnde B., Vergauwen, L., and Hespel, P. Creatine loading does not impact on stroke performance in tennis. Int J Sports Med 2001;22(1):76-80. View abstract.

Finn, J. P., Ebert, T. R., Withers, R. T., Carey, M. F., Mackay, M., Phillips, J. W., and Febbraio, M. A. Effect of creatine supplementation on metabolism and performance in humans during intermittent sprint cycling. Eur.J Appl.Physiol 2001;84(3):238-243. View abstract.

Jakobi, J. M., Rice, C. L., Curtin, S. V., and Marsh, G. D. Neuromuscular properties and fatigue in older men following acute creatine supplementation. Eur.J Appl.Physiol 2001;84(4):321-328. View abstract.

Steenge, G. R., Verhoef, P., and Greenhaff, P. L. The effect of creatine and resistance training on plasma homocysteine concentration in healthy volunteers. Arch Intern Med 6-11-2001;161(11):1455-1456. View abstract.

Bodamer, O. A., Bloesch, S. M., Gregg, A. R., Stockler-Ipsiroglu, S., and O'Brien, W. E. Analysis of guanidinoacetate and creatine by isotope dilution electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chim.Acta 2001;308(1-2):173-178. View abstract.

Volek, J. S., Mazzetti, S. A., Farquhar, W. B., Barnes, B. R., GOMEZ And AL, and Kraemer, W. J. Physiological responses to short-term exercise in the heat after creatine loading. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33(7):1101-1108. View abstract.

Stevenson, S. W. and Dudley, G. A. Dietary creatine supplementation and muscular adaptation to resistive overload. Med Sci.Sports Exerc. 2001;33(8):1304-1310. View abstract.

Wiroth, J. B., Bermon, S., Andrei, S., Dalloz, E., Hebuterne, X., and Dolisi, C. Effects of oral creatine supplementation on maximal pedalling performance in older adults. Eur.J Appl.Physiol 2001;84(6):533-539. View abstract.

Doherty, T. J., Lougheed, K., Markez, J., and Tarnopolsky, M. A. Creatine monohydrate does not increase strength in patients with hereditary neuropathy. Neurology 8-14-2001;57(3):559-560. View abstract.

Bemben, M. G., Bemben, D. A., Loftiss, D. D., and Knehans, A. W. Creatine supplementation during resistance training in college football athletes. Med Sci.Sports Exerc. 2001;33(10):1667-1673. View abstract.

Willoughby, D. S. and Rosene, J. Effects of oral creatine and resistance training on myosin heavy chain expression. Med Sci.Sports Exerc. 2001;33(10):1674-1681. View abstract.

Burke, D. G., Chilibeck, P. D., Davidson, K. S., Candow, D. G., Farthing, J., and Smith-Palmer, T. The effect of whey protein supplementation with and without creatine monohydrate combined with resistance training on lean tissue mass and muscle strength. Int J Sport Nutr.Exerc.Metab 2001;11(3):349-364. View abstract.

Mazzini, L., Balzarini, C., Colombo, R., Mora, G., Pastore, I., De Ambrogio, R., and Caligari, M. Effects of creatine supplementation on exercise performance and muscular strength in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: preliminary results. J Neurol.Sci. 10-15-2001;191(1-2):139-144. View abstract.

Bemben, M. G., Tuttle, T. D., Bemben, D. A., and Knehans, A. W. Effects of creatine supplementation on isometric force-time curve characteristics. Med Sci.Sports Exerc. 2001;33(11):1876-1881. View abstract.

Green, J. M., McLester, J. R., Smith, J. E., and Mansfield, E. R. The effects of creatine supplementation on repeated upper- and lower-body Wingate performance. J Strength.Cond.Res 2001;15(1):36-41. View abstract.

Romer, L. M., Barrington, J. P., and Jeukendrup, A. E. Effects of oral creatine supplementation on high intensity, intermittent exercise performance in competitive squash players. Int J Sports Med 2001;22(8):546-552. View abstract.

Bennett, T., Bathalon, G., Armstrong, D., III, Martin, B., Coll, R., Beck, R., Barkdull, T., O'Brien, K., and Deuster, P. A. Effect of creatine on performance of militarily relevant tasks and soldier health. Mil.Med 2001;166(11):996-1002. View abstract.

Stevenson, S. W. and Dudley, G. A. Creatine loading, resistance exercise performance, and muscle mechanics. J Strength.Cond.Res 2001;15(4):413-419. View abstract.

Arciero, P. J., Hannibal, N. S., III, Nindl, B. C., Gentile, C. L., Hamed, J., and Vukovich, M. D. Comparison of creatine ingestion and resistance training on energy expenditure and limb blood flow. Metabolism 2001;50(12):1429-1434. View abstract.

Chrusch, M. J., Chilibeck, P. D., Chad, K. E., Davison, K. S., and Burke, D. G. Creatine supplementation combined with resistance training in older men. Med Sci.Sports Exerc. 2001;33(12):2111-2117. View abstract.

Jacobs, P. L., Mahoney, E. T., Cohn, K. A., Sheradsky, L. F., and Green, B. A. Oral creatine supplementation enhances upper extremity work capacity in persons with cervical-level spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2002;83(1):19-23. View abstract.

Vorgerd, M., Zange, J., Kley, R., Grehl, T., Husing, A., Jager, M., Muller, K., Schroder, R., Mortier, W., Fabian, K., Malin, J. P., and Luttmann, A. Effect of high-dose creatine therapy on symptoms of exercise intolerance in McArdle disease: Double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Arch Neurol 2002;59(1):97-101. View abstract.

Hespel, P., Op't, Eijnde B., and Van Leemputte, M. Opposite actions of caffeine and creatine on muscle relaxation time in humans. J.Appl.Physiol 2002;92(2):513-518. View abstract.

Harris, R. C., Nevill, M., Harris, D. B., Fallowfield, J. L., Bogdanis, G. C., and Wise, J. A. Absorption of creatine supplied as a drink, in meat or in solid form. J Sports Sci. 2002;20(2):147-151. View abstract.

Izquierdo, M., Ibanez, J., Gonzalez-Badillo, J. J., and Gorostiaga, E. M. Effects of creatine supplementation on muscle power, endurance, and sprint performance. Med Sci.Sports Exerc. 2002;34(2):332-343. View abstract.

Cottrell, G. T., Coast, J. R., and Herb, R. A. Effect of recovery interval on multiple-bout sprint cycling performance after acute creatine supplementation. J Strength.Cond.Res 2002;16(1):109-116. View abstract.

Syrotuik, D. G., Game, A. B., Gillies, E. M., and Bell, G. J. Effects of creatine monohydrate supplementation during combined strength and high intensity rowing training on performance. Can J Appl.Physiol 2001;26(6):527-542. View abstract.

Gotshalk, L. A., Volek, J. S., Staron, R. S., Denegar, C. R., Hagerman, F. C., and Kraemer, W. J. Creatine supplementation improves muscular performance in older men. Med Sci.Sports Exerc. 2002;34(3):537-543. View abstract.

Watanabe, A., Kato, N., and Kato, T. Effects of creatine on mental fatigue and cerebral hemoglobin oxygenation. Neurosci.Res 2002;42(4):279-285. View abstract.

Ziegenfuss, T. N., Rogers, M., Lowery, L., Mullins, N., Mendel, R., Antonio, J., and Lemon, P. Effect of creatine loading on anaerobic performance and skeletal muscle volume in NCAA Division I athletes. Nutrition 2002;18(5):397-402. View abstract.

Cox, G., Mujika, I., Tumilty, D., and Burke, L. Acute creatine supplementation and performance during a field test simulating match play in elite female soccer players. Int J Sport Nutr.Exerc.Metab 2002;12(1):33-46. View abstract.

Drory, V. E. and Gross, D. No effect of creatine on respiratory distress in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph.Lateral.Scler.Other Motor Neuron Disord. 2002;3(1):43-46. View abstract.

Preen, D., Dawson, B., Goodman, C., Lawrence, S., Beilby, J., and Ching, S. Pre-exercise oral creatine ingestion does not improve prolonged intermittent sprint exercise in humans. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2002;42(3):320-329. View abstract.

Kilduff, L. P., Vidakovic, P., Cooney, G., Twycross-Lewis, R., Amuna, P., Parker, M., Paul, L., and Pitsiladis, Y. P. Effects of creatine on isometric bench-press performance in resistance-trained humans. Med Sci.Sports Exerc. 2002;34(7):1176-1183. View abstract.

Wilder, N., Gilders, R., Hagerman, F., and Deivert, R. G. The effects of a 10-week, periodized, off-season resistance-training program and creatine supplementation among collegiate football players. J Strength.Cond.Res 2002;16(3):343-352. View abstract.

Carducci, C., Birarelli, M., Leuzzi, V., Carducci, C., Battini, R., Cioni, G., and Antonozzi, I. Guanidinoacetate and creatine plus creatinine assessment in physiologic fluids: an effective diagnostic tool for the biochemical diagnosis of arginine:glycine amidinotransferase and guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiencies. Clin Chem 2002;48(10):1772-1778. View abstract.

Huso, M. E., Hampl, J. S., Johnston, C. S., and Swan, P. D. Creatine supplementation influences substrate utilization at rest. J Appl.Physiol 2002;93(6):2018-2022. View abstract.

Chang, C. T., Wu, C. H., Yang, C. W., Huang, J. Y., and Wu, M. S. Creatine monohydrate treatment alleviates muscle cramps associated with haemodialysis. Nephrol.Dial.Transplant. 2002;17(11):1978-1981. View abstract.

Battini, R., Leuzzi, V., Carducci, C., Tosetti, M., Bianchi, M. C., Item, C. B., Stockler-Ipsiroglu, S., and Cioni, G. Creatine depletion in a new case with AGAT deficiency: clinical and genetic study in a large pedigree. Mol.Genet.Metab 2002;77(4):326-331. View abstract.

Derave, W., Eijnde, B. O., Verbessem, P., Ramaekers, M., Van Leemputte, M., Richter, E. A., and Hespel, P. Combined creatine and protein supplementation in conjunction with resistance training promotes muscle GLUT-4 content and glucose tolerance in humans. J Appl.Physiol 2003;94(5):1910-1916. View abstract.

Walter, M. C., Reilich, P., Lochmuller, H., Kohnen, R., Schlotter, B., Hautmann, H., Dunkl, E., Pongratz, D., and Muller-Felber, W. Creatine monohydrate in myotonic dystrophy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. J Neurol. 2002;249(12):1717-1722. View abstract.

Newman, J. E., Hargreaves, M., Garnham, A., and Snow, R. J. Effect of creatine ingestion on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in men. Med Sci.Sports Exerc. 2003;35(1):69-74. View abstract.

Brose, A., Parise, G., and Tarnopolsky, M. A. Creatine supplementation enhances isometric strength and body composition improvements following strength exercise training in older adults. J Gerontol A Biol.Sci.Med Sci. 2003;58(1):11-19. View abstract.

Watsford, M. L., Murphy, A. J., Spinks, W. L., and Walshe, A. D. Creatine supplementation and its effect on musculotendinous stiffness and performance. J Strength.Cond.Res 2003;17(1):26-33. View abstract.

Kambis, K. W. and Pizzedaz, S. K. Short-term creatine supplementation improves maximum quadriceps contraction in women. Int J Sport Nutr.Exerc.Metab 2003;13(1):87-96. View abstract.

Preen, D., Dawson, B., Goodman, C., Beilby, J., and Ching, S. Creatine supplementation: a comparison of loading and maintenance protocols on creatine uptake by human skeletal muscle. Int J Sport Nutr.Exerc.Metab 2003;13(1):97-111. View abstract.

Eijnde, B. O., Van Leemputte, M., Goris, M., Labarque, V., Taes, Y., Verbessem, P., Vanhees, L., Ramaekers, M., Vanden Eynde, B., Van Schuylenbergh, R., Dom, R., Richter, E. A., and Hespel, P. Effects of creatine supplementation and exercise training on fitness in men 55-75 yr old. J Appl.Physiol 2003;95(2):818-828. View abstract.

Louis, M., Lebacq, J., Poortmans, J. R., Belpaire-Dethiou, M. C., Devogelaer, J. P., Van Hecke, P., Goubel, F., and Francaux, M. Beneficial effects of creatine supplementation in dystrophic patients. Muscle Nerve 2003;27(5):604-610. View abstract.

Tabrizi, S. J., Blamire, A. M., Manners, D. N., Rajagopalan, B., Styles, P., Schapira, A. H., and Warner, T. T. Creatine therapy for Huntington's disease: Clinical and MRS findings in a 1-year pilot study. Neurology 7-8-2003;61(1):141-142. View abstract.

Lambert, C. P., Archer, R. L., Carrithers, J. A., Fink, W. J., Evans, W. J., and Trappe, T. A. Influence of creatine monohydrate ingestion on muscle metabolites and intense exercise capacity in individuals with multiple sclerosis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003;84(8):1206-1210. View abstract.

Selsby, J. T., Beckett, K. D., Kern, M., and Devor, S. T. Swim performance following creatine supplementation in Division III athletes. J Strength.Cond.Res 2003;17(3):421-424. View abstract.

Lehmkuhl, M., Malone, M., Justice, B., Trone, G., Pistilli, E., Vinci, D., Haff, E. E., Kilgore, J. L., and Haff, G. G. The effects of 8 weeks of creatine monohydrate and glutamine supplementation on body composition and performance measures. J Strength.Cond.Res 2003;17(3):425-438. View abstract.

Biwer, C. J., Jensen, R. L., Schmidt, W. D., and Watts, P. B. The effect of creatine on treadmill running with high-intensity intervals. J Strength.Cond.Res 2003;17(3):439-445. View abstract.

Delecluse, C., Diels, R., and Goris, M. Effect of creatine supplementation on intermittent sprint running performance in highly trained athletes. J Strength.Cond.Res 2003;17(3):446-454. View abstract.

Powers, M. E., Arnold, B. L., Weltman, A. L., Perrin, D. H., Mistry, D., Kahler, D. M., Kraemer, W., and Volek, J. Creatine Supplementation Increases Total Body Water Without Altering Fluid Distribution. J Athl.Train. 2003;38(1):44-50. View abstract.

Chwalbinska-Moneta, J. Effect of creatine supplementation on aerobic performance and anaerobic capacity in elite rowers in the course of endurance training. Int J Sport Nutr.Exerc.Metab 2003;13(2):173-183. View abstract.

van Loon, L. J., Murphy, R., Oosterlaar, A. M., Cameron-Smith, D., Hargreaves, M., Wagenmakers, A. J., and Snow, R. Creatine supplementation increases glycogen storage but not GLUT-4 expression in human skeletal muscle. Clin Sci (Lond) 2004;106(1):99-106. View abstract.

Verbessem, P., Lemiere, J., Eijnde, B. O., Swinnen, S., Vanhees, L., Van Leemputte, M., Hespel, P., and Dom, R. Creatine supplementation in Huntington's disease: a placebo-controlled pilot trial. Neurology 10-14-2003;61(7):925-930. View abstract.

Rae, C., Digney, A. L., McEwan, S. R., and Bates, T. C. Oral creatine monohydrate supplementation improves brain performance: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial. Proc Biol Sci 10-22-2003;270(1529):2147-2150. View abstract.

Kinugasa, R., Akima, H., Ota, A., Ohta, A., Sugiura, K., and Kuno, S. Y. Short-term creatine supplementation does not improve muscle activation or sprint performance in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 2004;91(2-3):230-237. View abstract.

Renema, W. K., Schmidt, A., van Asten, J. J., Oerlemans, F., Ullrich, K., Wieringa, B., Isbrandt, D., and Heerschap, A. MR spectroscopy of muscle and brain in guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT)-deficient mice: validation of an animal model to study creatine deficiency. Magn Reson.Med 2003;50(5):936-943. View abstract.

Burke, D. G., Chilibeck, P. D., Parise, G., Candow, D. G., Mahoney, D., and Tarnopolsky, M. Effect of creatine and weight training on muscle creatine and performance in vegetarians. Med.Sci.Sports Exerc. 2003;35(11):1946-1955. View abstract.

Havenetidis, K. and Bourdas, D. Creatine supplementation: effects on urinary excretion and anaerobic performance. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2003;43(3):347-355. View abstract.

Volek, J. S., Ratamess, N. A., Rubin, M. R., Gomez, A. L., French, D. N., McGuigan, M. M., Scheett, T. P., Sharman, M. J., Hakkinen, K., and Kraemer, W. J. The effects of creatine supplementation on muscular performance and body composition responses to short-term resistance training overreaching. Eur.J.Appl.Physiol 2004;91(5-6):628-637. View abstract.

Tarnopolsky, M., Mahoney, D., Thompson, T., Naylor, H., and Doherty, T. J. Creatine monohydrate supplementation does not increase muscle strength, lean body mass, or muscle phosphocreatine in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1. Muscle Nerve 2004;29(1):51-58. View abstract.

Ayoama, R., Hiruma, E., and Sasaki, H. Effects of creatine loading on muscular strength and endurance of female softball players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2003;43(4):481-487. View abstract.

Kocak, S. and Karli, U. Effects of high dose oral creatine supplementation on anaerobic capacity of elite wrestlers. J.Sports Med.Phys.Fitness 2003;43(4):488-492. View abstract.

Kilduff, L. P., Pitsiladis, Y. P., Tasker, L., Attwood, J., Hyslop, P., Dailly, A., Dickson, I., and Grant, S. Effects of creatine on body composition and strength gains after 4 weeks of resistance training in previously nonresistance-trained humans. Int.J.Sport Nutr.Exerc.Metab 2003;13(4):504-520. View abstract.

Eckerson, J. M., Stout, J. R., Moore, G. A., Stone, N. J., Nishimura, K., and Tamura, K. Effect of two and five days of creatine loading on anaerobic working capacity in women. J.Strength.Cond.Res. 2004;18(1):168-173. View abstract.

Tyler, T. F., Nicholas, S. J., Hershman, E. B., Glace, B. W., Mullaney, M. J., and McHugh, M. P. The effect of creatine supplementation on strength recovery after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Am.J.Sports Med. 2004;32(2):383-388. View abstract.

Bohnhorst, B., Geuting, T., Peter, C. S., Dordelmann, M., Wilken, B., and Poets, C. F. Randomized, controlled trial of oral creatine supplementation (not effective) for apnea of prematurity. Pediatrics 2004;113(4):e303-e307. View abstract.

Item, C. B., Mercimek-Mahmutoglu, S., Battini, R., Edlinger-Horvat, C., Stromberger, C., Bodamer, O., Muhl, A., Vilaseca, M. A., Korall, H., and Stockler-Ipsiroglu, S. Characterization of seven novel mutations in seven patients with GAMT deficiency. Hum.Mutat. 2004;23(5):524. View abstract.

Gill, N. D., Hall, R. D., and Blazevich, A. J. Creatine serum is not as effective as creatine powder for improving cycle sprint performance in competitive male team-sport athletes. J Strength.Cond.Res 2004;18(2):272-275. View abstract.

Selsby, J. T., DiSilvestro, R. A., and Devor, S. T. Mg2+-creatine chelate and a low-dose creatine supplementation regimen improve exercise performance. J Strength.Cond.Res 2004;18(2):311-315. View abstract.

Tarnopolsky, M. A., Mahoney, D. J., Vajsar, J., Rodriguez, C., Doherty, T. J., Roy, B. D., and Biggar, D. Creatine monohydrate enhances strength and body composition in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Neurology 5-25-2004;62(10):1771-1777. View abstract.

Chetlin, R. D., Gutmann, L., Tarnopolsky, M. A., Ullrich, I. H., and Yeater, R. A. Resistance training exercise and creatine in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Muscle Nerve 2004;30(1):69-76. View abstract.

Ensenauer, R., Thiel, T., Schwab, K. O., Tacke, U., Stockler-Ipsiroglu, S., Schulze, A., Hennig, J., and Lehnert, W. Guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency: differences of creatine uptake in human brain and muscle. Mol.Genet.Metab 2004;82(3):208-213. View abstract.

Almeida, L. S., Verhoeven, N. M., Roos, B., Valongo, C., Cardoso, M. L., Vilarinho, L., Salomons, G. S., and Jakobs, C. Creatine and guanidinoacetate: diagnostic markers for inborn errors in creatine biosynthesis and transport. Mol.Genet.Metab 2004;82(3):214-219. View abstract.

Syrotuik, D. G. and Bell, G. J. Acute creatine monohydrate supplementation: a descriptive physiological profile of responders vs. nonresponders. J Strength.Cond.Res 2004;18(3):610-617. View abstract.

Kilduff, L. P., Georgiades, E., James, N., Minnion, R. H., Mitchell, M., Kingsmore, D., Hadjicharlambous, M., and Pitsiladis, Y. P. The effects of creatine supplementation on cardiovascular, metabolic, and thermoregulatory responses during exercise in the heat in endurance-trained humans. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2004;14(4):443-460. View abstract.

Ju, J. S., Smith, J. L., Oppelt, P. J., and Fisher, J. S. Creatine feeding increases GLUT4 expression in rat skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol.Metab 2005;288(2):E347-E352. View abstract.

Matsumura, T., Yokoe, M., Nakamori, M., Hattori, N., Saito, T., Nozaki, S., Fujimura, H., and Shinno, S. [A clinical trial of creatine monohydrate in muscular dystrophy patients]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2004;44(10):661-666. View abstract.

Taes, Y. E., Delanghe, J. R., De Bacquer, D., Langlois, M., Stevens, L., Geerolf, I., Lameire, N. H., and De Vriese, A. S. Creatine supplementation does not decrease total plasma homocysteine in chronic hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 2004;66(6):2422-2428. View abstract.

Chilibeck, P. D., Stride, D., Farthing, J. P., and Burke, D. G. Effect of creatine ingestion after exercise on muscle thickness in males and females. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004;36(10):1781-1788. View abstract.

Sykut-Cegielska, J., Gradowska, W., Mercimek-Mahmutoglu, S., and Stockler-Ipsiroglu, S. Biochemical and clinical characteristics of creatine deficiency syndromes. Acta Biochim.Pol. 2004;51(4):875-882. View abstract.

Bender, A., Auer, D. P., Merl, T., Reilmann, R., Saemann, P., Yassouridis, A., Bender, J., Weindl, A., Dose, M., Gasser, T., and Klopstock, T. Creatine supplementation lowers brain glutamate levels in Huntington's disease. J Neurol 2005;252(1):36-41. View abstract.

Ahmun, R. P., Tong, R. J., and Grimshaw, P. N. The effects of acute creatine supplementation on multiple sprint cycling and running performance in rugby players. J Strength.Cond.Res 2005;19(1):92-97. View abstract.

Groeneveld, G. J., Beijer, C., Veldink, J. H., Kalmijn, S., Wokke, J. H., and van den Berg, L. H. Few adverse effects of long-term creatine supplementation in a placebo-controlled trial. Int J Sports Med 2005;26(4):307-313. View abstract.

Mendel, R. W., Blegen, M., Cheatham, C., Antonio, J., and Ziegenfuss, T. Effects of creatine on thermoregulatory responses while exercising in the heat. Nutrition 2005;21(3):301-307. View abstract.

Cheillan, D., Cognat, S., Vandenberghe, N., Des, Portes, V, and Vianey-Saban, C. [Creatine deficiency syndromes]. Rev Neurol.(Paris) 2005;161(3):284-289. View abstract.

Kornblum, C., Schroder, R., Muller, K., Vorgerd, M., Eggers, J., Bogdanow, M., Papassotiropoulos, A., Fabian, K., Klockgether, T., and Zange, J. Creatine has no beneficial effect on skeletal muscle energy metabolism in patients with single mitochondrial DNA deletions: a placebo-controlled, double-blind 31P-MRS crossover study. Eur J Neurol 2005;12(4):300-309. View abstract.

Sijens, P. E., Verbruggen, K. T., Meiners, L. C., Soorani-Lunsing, R. J., Rake, J. P., and Oudkerk, M. 1H chemical shift imaging of the brain in guanidino methyltransferase deficiency, a creatine deficiency syndrome; guanidinoacetate accumulation in the gray matter. Eur Radiol. 2005;15(9):1923-1926. View abstract.

Deldicque, L., Louis, M., Theisen, D., Nielens, H., Dehoux, M., Thissen, J. P., Rennie, M. J., and Francaux, M. Increased IGF mRNA in human skeletal muscle after creatine supplementation. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005;37(5):731-736. View abstract.

Hoffman, J. R., Stout, J. R., Falvo, M. J., Kang, J., and Ratamess, N. A. Effect of low-dose, short-duration creatine supplementation on anaerobic exercise performance. J Strength.Cond.Res 2005;19(2):260-264. View abstract.

Theodorou, A. S., Havenetidis, K., Zanker, C. L., O'Hara, J. P., King, R. F., Hood, C., Paradisis, G., and Cooke, C. B. Effects of acute creatine loading with or without carbohydrate on repeated bouts of maximal swimming in high-performance swimmers. J Strength.Cond.Res 2005;19(2):265-269. View abstract.

Javierre, C., Barbany, J. R., Bonjorn, V. M., Lizarraga, M. A., Ventura, J. L., and Segura, R. Creatine supplementation and performance in 6 consecutive 60 meter sprints. J Physiol Biochem 2004;60(4):265-271. View abstract.

Escolar, D. M., Buyse, G., Henricson, E., Leshner, R., Florence, J., Mayhew, J., Tesi-Rocha, C., Gorni, K., Pasquali, L., Patel, K. M., McCarter, R., Huang, J., Mayhew, T., Bertorini, T., Carlo, J., Connolly, A. M., Clemens, P. R., Goemans, N., Iannaccone, S. T., Igarashi, M., Nevo, Y., Pestronk, A., Subramony, S. H., Vedanarayanan, V. V., and Wessel, H. CINRG randomized controlled trial of creatine and glutamine in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Ann Neurol 2005;58(1):151-155. View abstract.

Fuld, J. P., Kilduff, L. P., Neder, J. A., Pitsiladis, Y., Lean, M. E., Ward, S. A., and Cotton, M. M. Creatine supplementation during pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2005;60(7):531-537. View abstract.

Roy, B. D., de Beer, J., Harvey, D., and Tarnopolsky, M. A. Creatine monohydrate supplementation does not improve functional recovery after total knee arthroplasty. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2005;86(7):1293-1298. View abstract.

Kendall, R. W., Jacquemin, G., Frost, R., and Burns, S. P. Creatine supplementation for weak muscles in persons with chronic tetraplegia: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial. J Spinal Cord.Med 2005;28(3):208-213. View abstract.

Anomasiri, W., Sanguanrungsirikul, S., and Saichandee, P. Low dose creatine supplementation enhances sprint phase of 400 meters swimming performance. J Med Assoc Thai 2004;87 Suppl 2:S228-S232. View abstract.

Verhoeven, N. M., Salomons, G. S., and Jakobs, C. Laboratory diagnosis of defects of creatine biosynthesis and transport. Clin Chim.Acta 2005;361(1-2):1-9. View abstract.

Carducci, C., Santagata, S., Leuzzi, V., Carducci, C., Artiola, C., Giovanniello, T., Battini, R., and Antonozzi, I. Quantitative determination of guanidinoacetate and creatine in dried blood spot by flow injection analysis-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chim.Acta 2006;364(1-2):180-187. View abstract.

Chilibeck, P. D., Chrusch, M. J., Chad, K. E., Shawn, Davison K., and Burke, D. G. Creatine monohydrate and resistance training increase bone mineral content and density in older men. J Nutr Health Aging 2005;9(5):352-353. View abstract.

Carter, J. M., Bemben, D. A., Knehans, A. W., Bemben, M. G., and Witten, M. S. Does nutritional supplementation influence adaptability of muscle to resistance training in men aged 48 to 72 years. J Geriatr.Phys.Ther 2005;28(2):40-47. View abstract.

Murphy, A. J., Watsford, M. L., Coutts, A. J., and Richards, D. A. Effects of creatine supplementation on aerobic power and cardiovascular structure and function. J Sci Med Sport 2005;8(3):305-313. View abstract.

Eckerson, J. M., Stout, J. R., Moore, G. A., Stone, N. J., Iwan, K. A., Gebauer, A. N., and Ginsberg, R. Effect of creatine phosphate supplementation on anaerobic working capacity and body weight after two and six days of loading in men and women. J Strength.Cond.Res 2005;19(4):756-763. View abstract.

Astorino, T. A., Marrocco, A. C., Gross, S. M., Johnson, D. L., Brazil, C. M., Icenhower, M. E., and Kneessi, R. J. Is running performance enhanced with creatine serum ingestion? J Strength.Cond.Res 2005;19(4):730-734. View abstract.

Thorelius, J., Thelin, S., Ronquist, G., Halden, E., and Hansson, H. E. Biochemical and functional effects of creatine phosphate in cardioplegic solution during aortic valve surgery--a clinical study. Thorac.Cardiovasc.Surg 1992;40(1):10-13. View abstract.

Watson, G., Casa, D. J., Fiala, K. A., Hile, A., Roti, M. W., Healey, J. C., Armstrong, L. E., and Maresh, C. M. Creatine use and exercise heat tolerance in dehydrated men. J.Athl.Train. 2006;41(1):18-29. View abstract.

Pluim, B. M., Ferrauti, A., Broekhof, F., Deutekom, M., Gotzmann, A., Kuipers, H., and Weber, K. The effects of creatine supplementation on selected factors of tennis specific training. Br J Sports Med 2006;40(6):507-511. View abstract.

Mercimek-Mahmutoglu, S., Stoeckler-Ipsiroglu, S., Adami, A., Appleton, R., Araujo, H. C., Duran, M., Ensenauer, R., Fernandez-Alvarez, E., Garcia, P., Grolik, C., Item, C. B., Leuzzi, V., Marquardt, I., Muhl, A., Saelke-Kellermann, R. A., Salomons, G. S., Schulze, A., Surtees, R., van der Knaap, M. S., Vasconcelos, R., Verhoeven, N. M., Vilarinho, L., Wilichowski, E., and Jakobs, C. GAMT deficiency: features, treatment, and outcome in an inborn error of creatine synthesis. Neurology 8-8-2006;67(3):480-484. View abstract.

Smith, C. A., Chetlin, R. D., Gutmann, L., Yeater, R. A., and Alway, S. E. Effects of exercise and creatine on myosin heavy chain isoform composition in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Muscle Nerve 2006;34(5):586-594. View abstract.

Almeida, L. S., Rosenberg, E. H., Martinez-Munoz, C., Verhoeven, N. M., Vilarinho, L., Jakobs, C., and Salomons, G. S. Overexpression of GAMT restores GAMT activity in primary GAMT-deficient fibroblasts. Mol.Genet.Metab 2006;89(4):392-394. View abstract.

Weiss, B. A. and Powers, M. E. Creatine supplementation does not impair the thermoregulatory response during a bout of exercise in the heat. J.Sports Med.Phys.Fitness 2006;46(4):555-563. View abstract.

Forsberg, A. M., Nilsson, E., Werneman, J., Bergstrom, J., and Hultman, E. Muscle composition in relation to age and sex. Clin Sci (Lond) 1991;81(2):249-256. View abstract.

Kley, R. A., Vorgerd, M., and Tarnopolsky, M. A. Creatine for treating muscle disorders. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev 2007;(1):CD004760. View abstract.

Branch, J. D., Schwarz, W. D., and Van, Lunen B. Effect of creatine supplementation on cycle ergometer exercise in a hyperthermic environment. J.Strength.Cond.Res. 2007;21(1):57-61. View abstract.

Gualano, B., Novaes, R. B., Artioli, G. G., Freire, T. O., Coelho, D. F., Scagliusi, F. B., Rogeri, P. S., Roschel, H., Ugrinowitsch, C., and Lancha, A. H., Jr. Effects of creatine supplementation on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in sedentary healthy males undergoing aerobic training. Amino.Acids 2008;34(2):245-250. View abstract.

Easton, C., Turner, S., and Pitsiladis, Y. P. Creatine and glycerol hyperhydration in trained subjects before exercise in the heat. Int.J.Sport Nutr.Exerc.Metab 2007;17(1):70-91. View abstract.

Cramer, J. T., Stout, J. R., Culbertson, J. Y., and Egan, A. D. Effects of creatine supplementation and three days of resistance training on muscle strength, power output, and neuromuscular function. J Strength.Cond.Res 2007;21(3):668-677. View abstract.

Wright, G. A., Grandjean, P. W., and Pascoe, D. D. The effects of creatine loading on thermoregulation and intermittent sprint exercise performance in a hot humid environment. J.Strength.Cond.Res. 2007;21(3):655-660. View abstract.

McMorris, T., Mielcarz, G., Harris, R. C., Swain, J. P., and Howard, A. Creatine supplementation and cognitive performance in elderly individuals. Neuropsychol.Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol.Cogn 2007;14(5):517-528. View abstract.

Bassit, R. A., Curi, R., and Costa Rosa, L. F. Creatine supplementation reduces plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and PGE2 after a half-ironman competition. Amino.Acids 2008;35(2):425-431. View abstract.

Gotshalk, L. A., Kraemer, W. J., Mendonca, M. A., Vingren, J. L., Kenny, A. M., Spiering, B. A., Hatfield, D. L., Fragala, M. S., and Volek, J. S. Creatine supplementation improves muscular performance in older women. Eur.J.Appl.Physiol 2008;102(2):223-231. View abstract.

Roitman, S., Green, T., Osher, Y., Karni, N., and Levine, J. Creatine monohydrate in resistant depression: a preliminary study. Bipolar.Disord 2007;9(7):754-758. View abstract.

Faager, G., Soderlund, K., Skold, C. M., Rundgren, S., Tollback, A., and Jakobsson, P. Creatine supplementation and physical training in patients with COPD: a double blind, placebo-controlled study. Int J Chron.Obstruct.Pulmon.Dis 2006;1(4):445-453. View abstract.

Taes, Y. E., Marescau, B., De, Vriese A., De Deyn, P. P., Schepers, E., Vanholder, R., and Delanghe, J. R. Guanidino compounds after creatine supplementation in renal failure patients and their relation to inflammatory status. Nephrol.Dial.Transplant. 2008;23(4):1330-1335. View abstract.

Sakellaris, G., Nasis, G., Kotsiou, M., Tamiolaki, M., Charissis, G., and Evangeliou, A. Prevention of traumatic headache, dizziness and fatigue with creatine administration. A pilot study. Acta Paediatr. 2008;97(1):31-34. View abstract.

Young, P., De, Jonghe P., Stogbauer, F., and Butterfass-Bahloul, T. Treatment for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2008;(1):CD006052. View abstract.

Knott, A., Koop, U., Mielke, H., Reuschlein, K., Peters, N., Muhr, G. M., Lenz, H., Wensorra, U., Jaspers, S., Kolbe, L., Raschke, T., Stab, F., Wenck, H., and Gallinat, S. A novel treatment option for photoaged skin. J.Cosmet.Dermatol. 2008;7(1):15-22. View abstract.

Kley, R. A., Tarnopolsky, M. A., and Vorgerd, M. Creatine treatment in muscle disorders: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. J.Neurol.Neurosurg.Psychiatry 2008;79(4):366-367. View abstract.

Ostojic, S. M. and Ahmetovic, Z. Gastrointestinal distress after creatine supplementation in athletes: are side effects dose dependent? Res.Sports Med. 2008;16(1):15-22. View abstract.

Deacon, S. J., Vincent, E. E., Greenhaff, P. L., Fox, J., Steiner, M. C., Singh, S. J., and Morgan, M. D. Randomized controlled trial of dietary creatine as an adjunct therapy to physical training in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am.J.Respir.Crit Care Med. 8-1-2008;178(3):233-239. View abstract.

Hoffman, J. R., Ratamess, N. A., Ross, R., Shanklin, M., Kang, J., and Faigenbaum, A. D. Effect of a pre-exercise energy supplement on the acute hormonal response to resistance exercise. J Strength Cond Res 2008;22(3):874-882. View abstract.

Whitt, K. N., Ward, S. C., Deniz, K., Liu, L., Odin, J. A., and Qin, L. Cholestatic liver injury associated with whey protein and creatine supplements. Semin.Liver Dis. 2008;28(2):226-231. View abstract.

Walter, A. A., Smith, A. E., Herda, T. J., Ryan, E. D., Moon, J. R., Cramer, J. T., and Stout, J. R. Effects of creatine loading on electromyographic fatigue threshold in cycle ergometry in college-age men. Int.J.Sport Nutr.Exerc.Metab 2008;18(2):142-151. View abstract.

NINDS NET-PD Investigators. A pilot clinical trial of creatine and minocycline in early Parkinson disease: 18-month results. Clin.Neuropharmacol. 2008;31(3):141-150. View abstract.

Koenig CA, Benardot D Cody M Thompson WR. Comparison of creatine monohydrate and carbohydrate supplementation on repeated jump height performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2008;22(4):1081-1086. View abstract.

Rawson, E. S., Lieberman, H. R., Walsh, T. M., Zuber, S. M., Harhart, J. M., and Matthews, T. C. Creatine supplementation does not improve cognitive function in young adults. Physiol Behav. 9-3-2008;95(1-2):130-134. View abstract.

Gordon, P. H., Cheung, Y. K., Levin, B., Andrews, H., Doorish, C., Macarthur, R. B., Montes, J., Bednarz, K., Florence, J., Rowin, J., Boylan, K., Mozaffar, T., Tandan, R., Mitsumoto, H., Kelvin, E. A., Chapin, J., Bedlack, R., Rivner, M., McCluskey, L. F., Pestronk, A., Graves, M., Sorenson, E. J., Barohn, R. J., Belsh, J. M., Lou, J. S., Levine, T., Saperstein, D., Miller, R. G., and Scelsa, S. N. A novel, efficient, randomized selection trial comparing combinations of drug therapy for ALS. Amyotroph.Lateral.Scler. 2008;9(4):212-222. View abstract.

Rosenfeld, J., King, R. M., Jackson, C. E., Bedlack, R. S., Barohn, R. J., Dick, A., Phillips, L. H., Chapin, J., Gelinas, D. F., and Lou, J. S. Creatine monohydrate in ALS: effects on strength, fatigue, respiratory status and ALSFRS. Amyotroph.Lateral.Scler. 2008;9(5):266-272. View abstract.

Simon, D. K., Swearingen, C. J., Hauser, R. A., Trugman, J. M., Aminoff, M. J., Singer, C., Truong, D., and Tilley, B. C. Caffeine and progression of Parkinson disease. Clin.Neuropharmacol. 2008;31(4):189-196. View abstract.

Candow, D. G., Little, J. P., Chilibeck, P. D., Abeysekara, S., Zello, G. A., Kazachkov, M., Cornish, S. M., and Yu, P. H. Low-dose creatine combined with protein during resistance training in older men. Med.Sci.Sports Exerc. 2008;40(9):1645-1652. View abstract.

Bender, A., Samtleben, W., Elstner, M., and Klopstock, T. Long-term creatine supplementation is safe in aged patients with Parkinson disease. Nutr.Res. 2008;28(3):172-178. View abstract.

Johnston, A. P., Burke, D. G., MacNeil, L. G., and Candow, D. G. Effect of creatine supplementation during cast-induced immobilization on the preservation of muscle mass, strength, and endurance. J.Strength.Cond.Res. 2009;23(1):116-120. View abstract.

Easton, C., Calder, A., Prior, F., Dobinson, S., I'Anson, R., MacGregor, R., Mohammad, Y., Kingsmore, D., and Pitsiladis, Y. P. The effects of a novel "fluid loading" strategy on cardiovascular and haematological responses to orthostatic stress. Eur.J.Appl.Physiol 2009;105(6):899-908. View abstract.

Benatar, M., Kurent, J., and Moore, D. H. Treatment for familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2009;(1):CD006153. View abstract.

Bosboom, W., Vrancken, A. F., van den Berg, L. H., Wokke, J. H., and Iannaccone, S. T. Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2009;(1):CD006282. View abstract.

Parness, J. You're "hot" from pumping iron? Anesth.Analg. 2009;108(3):711-713. View abstract.

Sakkas, G. K., Mulligan, K., Dasilva, M., Doyle, J. W., Khatami, H., Schleich, T., Kent-Braun, J. A., and Schambelan, M. Creatine fails to augment the benefits from resistance training in patients with HIV infection: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. PLoS.One. 2009;4(2):e4605. View abstract.

Lopez, R. M., Casa, D. J., McDermott, B. P., Ganio, M. S., Armstrong, L. E., and Maresh, C. M. Does creatine supplementation hinder exercise heat tolerance or hydration status? A systematic review with meta-analyses. J.Athl.Train. 2009;44(2):215-223. View abstract.

Law, Y. L., Ong, W. S., GillianYap, T. L., Lim, S. C., and Von, Chia E. Effects of two and five days of creatine loading on muscular strength and anaerobic power in trained athletes. J.Strength.Cond.Res. 2009;23(3):906-914. View abstract.

Herda, T. J., Beck, T. W., Ryan, E. D., Smith, A. E., Walter, A. A., Hartman, M. J., Stout, J. R., and Cramer, J. T. Effects of creatine monohydrate and polyethylene glycosylated creatine supplementation on muscular strength, endurance, and power output. J.Strength.Cond.Res. 2009;23(3):818-826. View abstract.

O'Rourke, D. J., Ryan, S., Salomons, G., Jakobs, C., Monavari, A., and King, M. D. Guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT) deficiency: late onset of movement disorder and preserved expressive language. Dev.Med.Child Neurol. 2009;51(5):404-407. View abstract.

Kendall, K. L., Smith, A. E., Graef, J. L., Fukuda, D. H., Moon, J. R., Beck, T. W., Cramer, J. T., and Stout, J. R. Effects of four weeks of high-intensity interval training and creatine supplementation on critical power and anaerobic working capacity in college-aged men. J.Strength.Cond.Res. 2009;23(6):1663-1669. View abstract.

Juhasz, I., Gyore, I., Csende, Z., Racz, L., and Tihanyi, J. Creatine supplementation improves the anaerobic performance of elite junior fin swimmers. Acta Physiol Hung. 2009;96(3):325-336. View abstract.

Bazzucchi, I., Felici, F., and Sacchetti, M. Effect of short-term creatine supplementation on neuromuscular function. Med.Sci.Sports Exerc. 2009;41(10):1934-1941. View abstract.

van der Merwe, J., Brooks, N. E., and Myburgh, K. H. Three weeks of creatine monohydrate supplementation affects dihydrotestosterone to testosterone ratio in college-aged rugby players. Clin.J.Sport Med. 2009;19(5):399-404. View abstract.

Leader, A., Amital, D., Rubinow, A., and Amital, H. An open-label study adding creatine monohydrate to ongoing medical regimens in patients with the fibromyalgia syndrome. Ann.N.Y.Acad.Sci. 2009;1173:829-836. View abstract.

Ling, J., Kritikos, M., and Tiplady, B. Cognitive effects of creatine ethyl ester supplementation. Behav.Pharmacol. 2009;20(8):673-679. View abstract.

Kerksick, C. M., Wilborn, C. D., Campbell, W. I., Harvey, T. M., Marcello, B. M., Roberts, M. D., Parker, A. G., Byars, A. G., Greenwood, L. D., Almada, A. L., Kreider, R. B., and Greenwood, M. The effects of creatine monohydrate supplementation with and without D-pinitol on resistance training adaptations. J.Strength.Cond.Res. 2009;23(9):2673-2682. View abstract.

Sempere, A., Fons, C., Arias, A., Rodriguez-Pombo, P., Merinero, B., Alcaide, P., Capdevila, A., Ribes, A., Duque, R., Eiris, J., Poo, P., Fernandez-Alvarez, E., Campistol, J., and Artuch, R. [Cerebral creatine deficiency: first Spanish patients harbouring mutations in GAMT gene]. Med.Clin.(Barc.) 11-21-2009;133(19):745-749. View abstract.

Rocic, B., Bajuk, N. B., Rocic, P., Weber, D. S., Boras, J., and Lovrencic, M. V. Comparison of antihyperglycemic effects of creatine and metformin in type II diabetic patients. Clin.Invest Med. 2009;32(6):E322. View abstract.

Saremi A, Gharakhanloo R Sharghi S Gharaati MR Larijani B Omidfar K. Effects of oral creatine and resistance training on serum myostatin and GASP-1. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2010;317(1-2):25-30. View abstract.

Pittas, G., Hazell, M. D., Simpson, E. J., and Greenhaff, P. L. Optimization of insulin-mediated creatine retention during creatine feeding in humans. J Sports Sci 2010;28(1):67-74. View abstract.

Gualano, B., Ferreira, D. C., Sapienza, M. T., Seguro, A. C., and Lancha, A. H., Jr. Effect of short-term high-dose creatine supplementation on measured GFR in a young man with a single kidney. Am.J.Kidney Dis. 2010;55(3):e7-e9. View abstract.

Bemben MG, Witten MS Carter JM Eliot KA Knehans AW Bemben DA. The effects of supplementation with creatine and protein on muscle strength following a traditional resistance training program in middle-aged and older men. J Nutr Health Aging. 2010;14(2):155-159. View abstract.

Chambers, D. J., Braimbridge, M. V., Kosker, S., Yamada, M., Jupp, R. A., and Crowther, A. Creatine phosphate (Neoton) as an additive to St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution (Plegisol). Results of a clinical study. Eur J Cardiothorac.Surg 1991;5(2):74-81. View abstract.

Saidi, H. and Mani, M. Severe metabolic acidosis secondary to coadministration of creatine and metformin, a case report. Am.J.Emerg.Med. 2010;28(3):388-6. View abstract.

Banerjee, B., Sharma, U., Balasubramanian, K., Kalaivani, M., Kalra, V., and Jagannathan, N. R. Effect of creatine monohydrate in improving cellular energetics and muscle strength in ambulatory Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled 31P MRS study. Magn Reson.Imaging 2010;28(5):698-707. View abstract.

Al-Ghimlas, F. and Todd, D. C. Creatine supplementation for patients with COPD receiving pulmonary rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Respirology. 2010;15(5):785-795. View abstract.

Fukuda, D. H., Smith, A. E., Kendall, K. L., Dwyer, T. R., Kerksick, C. M., Beck, T. W., Cramer, J. T., and Stout, J. R. The effects of creatine loading and gender on anaerobic running capacity. J.Strength.Cond.Res. 2010;24(7):1826-1833. View abstract.

Pastula, D. M., Moore, D. H., and Bedlack, R. S. Creatine for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2010;(6):CD005225. View abstract.

Cornelissen, V. A., Defoor, J. G., Stevens, A., Schepers, D., Hespel, P., Decramer, M., Mortelmans, L., Dobbels, F., Vanhaecke, J., Fagard, R. H., and Vanhees, L. Effect of creatine supplementation as a potential adjuvant therapy to exercise training in cardiac patients: a randomized controlled trial. Clin.Rehabil. 2010;24(11):988-999. View abstract.

Rawson, E. S., Stec, M. J., Frederickson, S. J., and Miles, M. P. Low-dose creatine supplementation enhances fatigue resistance in the absence of weight gain. Nutrition 2011;27(4):451-455. View abstract.

Atassi, N., Ratai, E. M., Greenblatt, D. J., Pulley, D., Zhao, Y., Bombardier, J., Wallace, S., Eckenrode, J., Cudkowicz, M., and Dibernardo, A. A phase I, pharmacokinetic, dosage escalation study of creatine monohydrate in subjects with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph.Lateral.Scler. 2010;11(6):508-513. View abstract.

Kingsley, M., Cunningham, D., Mason, L., Kilduff, L. P., and McEneny, J. Role of creatine supplementation on exercise-induced cardiovascular function and oxidative stress. Oxid.Med.Cell Longev. 2009;2(4):247-254. View abstract.

Mercimek-Mahmutoglu, S., Connolly, M. B., Poskitt, K. J., Horvath, G. A., Lowry, N., Salomons, G. S., Casey, B., Sinclair, G., Davis, C., Jakobs, C., and Stockler-Ipsiroglu, S. Treatment of intractable epilepsy in a female with SLC6A8 deficiency. Mol.Genet.Metab 2010;101(4):409-412. View abstract.

Fukuda, D. H., Smith, A. E., Kendall, K. L., and Stout, J. R. The possible combinatory effects of acute consumption of caffeine, creatine, and amino acids on the improvement of anaerobic running performance in humans. Nutr.Res. 2010;30(9):607-614. View abstract.

Gualano, B., de, Salles Painelli, V, Roschel, H., Lugaresi, R., Dorea, E., Artioli, G. G., Lima, F. R., da Silva, M. E., Cunha, M. R., Seguro, A. C., Shimizu, M. H., Otaduy, M. C., Sapienza, M. T., da Costa, Leite C., Bonfa, E., and Lancha Junior, A. H. Creatine supplementation does not impair kidney function in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Eur.J.Appl.Physiol 2011;111(5):749-756. View abstract.

Camic, C. L., Hendrix, C. R., Housh, T. J., Zuniga, J. M., Mielke, M., Johnson, G. O., Schmidt, R. J., and Housh, D. J. The effects of polyethylene glycosylated creatine supplementation on muscular strength and power. J.Strength.Cond.Res. 2010;24(12):3343-3351. View abstract.

Sanchez-Gonzalez, M. A., Wieder, R., Kim, J. S., Vicil, F., and Figueroa, A. Creatine supplementation attenuates hemodynamic and arterial stiffness responses following an acute bout of isokinetic exercise. Eur.J.Appl.Physiol 2011;111(9):1965-1971. View abstract.

Neves, M., Jr., Gualano, B., Roschel, H., Fuller, R., Benatti, F. B., Pinto, A. L., Lima, F. R., Pereira, R. M., Lancha, A. H., Jr., and Bonfa, E. Beneficial effect of creatine supplementation in knee osteoarthritis. Med.Sci.Sports Exerc. 2011;43(8):1538-1543. View abstract.

Kley, R. A., Tarnopolsky, M. A., and Vorgerd, M. Creatine for treating muscle disorders. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2011;(2):CD004760. View abstract.

Candow, D. G., Chilibeck, P. D., Burke, D. G., Mueller, K. D., and Lewis, J. D. Effect of different frequencies of creatine supplementation on muscle size and strength in young adults. J.Strength.Cond.Res. 2011;25(7):1831-1838. View abstract.

van de Kamp, J. M., Pouwels, P. J., Aarsen, F. K., ten Hoopen, L. W., Knol, D. L., de Klerk, J. B., de Coo, I. F., Huijmans, J. G., Jakobs, C., van der Knaap, M. S., Salomons, G. S., and Mancini, G. M. Long-term follow-up and treatment in nine boys with X-linked creatine transporter defect. J.Inherit.Metab Dis. 2012;35(1):141-149. View abstract.

Neves, M., Jr., Gualano, B., Roschel, H., Lima, F. R., Lucia, de Sa-Pinto, Seguro, A. C., Shimizu, M. H., Sapienza, M. T., Fuller, R., Lancha, A. H., Jr., and Bonfa, E. Effect of creatine supplementation on measured glomerular filtration rate in postmenopausal women. Appl.Physiol Nutr.Metab 2011;36(3):419-422. View abstract.

Freilinger, M., Dunkler, D., Lanator, I., Item, C. B., Muhl, A., Fowler, B., and Bodamer, O. A. Effects of creatine supplementation in Rett syndrome: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J.Dev.Behav.Pediatr. 2011;32(6):454-460. View abstract.

Rocic, B., Znaor, A., Rocic, P., Weber, D., and Vucic, Lovrencic M. Comparison of antihyperglycemic effects of creatine and glibenclamide in type II diabetic patients. Wien.Med.Wochenschr. 2011;161(21-22):519-523. View abstract.

Zuniga, J. M., Housh, T. J., Camic, C. L., Hendrix, C. R., Mielke, M., Johnson, G. O., Housh, D. J., and Schmidt, R. J. The effects of creatine monohydrate loading on anaerobic performance and one-repetition maximum strength. J.Strength.Cond.Res. 2012;26(6):1651-1656. View abstract.

Lamontagne-Lacasse, M., Nadon, R., and Goulet E DB. Effect of creatine supplementation on jumping performance in elite volleyball players. Int.J.Sports Physiol Perform. 2011;6(4):525-533. View abstract.

Rahimi, R. Creatine supplementation decreases oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation induced by a single bout of resistance exercise. J.Strength.Cond.Res. 2011;25(12):3448-3455. View abstract.

Smith, A. E., Fukuda, D. H., Ryan, E. D., Kendall, K. L., Cramer, J. T., and Stout, J. Ergolytic/ergogenic effects of creatine on aerobic power. Int.J.Sports Med. 2011;32(12):975-981. View abstract.

Peirano, R. I., Achterberg, V., Dusing, H. J., Akhiani, M., Koop, U., Jaspers, S., Kruger, A., Schwengler, H., Hamann, T., Wenck, H., Stab, F., Gallinat, S., and Blatt, T. Dermal penetration of creatine from a face-care formulation containing creatine, guarana and glycerol is linked to effective antiwrinkle and antisagging efficacy in male subjects. J.Cosmet.Dermatol. 2011;10(4):273-281. View abstract.

Wadman, R. I., Bosboom, W. M., van den Berg, L. H., Wokke, J. H., Iannaccone, S. T., and Vrancken, A. F. Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2011;(12):CD006282. View abstract.

Alves, C. R., Ferreira, J. C., de Siqueira-Filho, M. A., Carvalho, C. R., Lancha, A. H., Jr., and Gualano, B. Creatine-induced glucose uptake in type 2 diabetes: a role for AMPK-alpha? Amino.Acids 2012;43(4):1803-1807. View abstract.

Ndika, J. D., Johnston, K., Barkovich, J. A., Wirt, M. D., O'Neill, P., Betsalel, O. T., Jakobs, C., and Salomons, G. S. Developmental progress and creatine restoration upon long-term creatine supplementation of a patient with arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficiency. Mol.Genet.Metab 2012;106(1):48-54. View abstract.

Gufford, B. T., Sriraghavan, K., Miller, N. J., Miller, D. W., Gu, X., Vennerstrom, J. L., and Robinson, D. H. Physicochemical characterization of creatine N-methylguanidinium salts. J.Diet.Suppl 2010;7(3):240-252. View abstract.

Baldinger, R., Katzberg, H. D., and Weber, M. Treatment for cramps in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2012;4:CD004157. View abstract.

Wadman, R. I., Bosboom, W. M., van der Pol, W. L., van den Berg, L. H., Wokke, J. H., Iannaccone, S. T., and Vrancken, A. F. Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2012;4:CD006282. View abstract.

Coco, M. and Perciavalle, V. Creatine ingestion effects on oxidative stress in a steady-state test at 75% VO(2max). J.Sports Med.Phys.Fitness 2012;52(2):165-169. View abstract.

Lyoo, I. K., Yoon, S., Kim, T. S., Hwang, J., Kim, J. E., Won, W., Bae, S., and Renshaw, P. F. A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial of oral creatine monohydrate augmentation for enhanced response to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in women with major depressive disorder. Am.J.Psychiatry 2012;169(9):937-945. View abstract.

Pastula, D. M., Moore, D. H., and Bedlack, R. S. Creatine for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2012;12:CD005225. View abstract.

Lugaresi, R., Leme, M., de, Salles Painelli, V, Murai, I. H., Roschel, H., Sapienza, M. T., Lancha Junior, A. H., and Gualano, B. Does long-term creatine supplementation impair kidney function in resistance-trained individuals consuming a high-protein diet? J.Int.Soc.Sports Nutr. 2013;10(1):26. View abstract.

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Delanghe, J., De Slypere, J. P., De Buyzere, M., Robbrecht, J., Wieme, R., and Vermeulen, A. Normal reference values for creatine, creatinine, and carnitine are lower in vegetarians. Clin Chem. 1989;35(8):1802-1803. View abstract.

Semenovsky, M. L., Shumakov, V. I., Sharov, V. G., Mogilevsky, G. M., Asmolovsky, A. V., Makhotina, L. A., and Saks, V. A. Protection of ischemic myocardium by exogenous phosphocreatine. II. Clinical, ultrastructural, and biochemical evaluations. J Thorac.Cardiovasc.Surg. 1987;94(5):762-769. View abstract.

Pedone, V., Corbelli, C., Frondini, C., Franchi, R., Luppi, M., Lonardo, E., Balboni, A., Monetti, N., and di Biase, G. [Myocardial T1-201 scintigraphy in the study of the development of acute myocardial infarction. Evaluation of the effects of a drug with metabolic action: creatine phosphate]. Clin Ter. 12-31-1984;111(6):531-538. View abstract.

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Teicher, B. A., Menon, K., Northey, D., Liu, J., Kufe, D. W., and Kaddurah-Daouk, R. Cyclocreatine in cancer chemotherapy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1995;35(5):411-416. View abstract.

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Stockler, S., Hanefeld, F., and Frahm, J. Creatine replacement therapy in guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency, a novel inborn error of metabolism. Lancet 9-21-1996;348(9030):789-790. View abstract.

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Volek, J. S., Kraemer, W. J., Bush, J. A., Boetes, M., Incledon, T., Clark, K. L., and Lynch, J. M. Creatine supplementation enhances muscular performance during high-intensity resistance exercise. J Am.Diet.Assoc 1997;97(7):765-770. View abstract.

Schneider, D. A., McDonough, P. J., Fadel, P. J., and Berwick, J. P. Creatine supplementation and the total work performed during 15-s and 1-min bouts of maximal cycling. Aust.J Sci.Med Sport 1997;29(3):65-68. View abstract.

Stockler, S., Marescau, B., De Deyn, P. P., Trijbels, J. M., and Hanefeld, F. Guanidino compounds in guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency, a new inborn error of creatine synthesis. Metabolism 1997;46(10):1189-1193. View abstract.

Schulze, A., Hess, T., Wevers, R., Mayatepek, E., Bachert, P., Marescau, B., Knopp, M. V., De Deyn, P. P., Bremer, H. J., and Rating, D. Creatine deficiency syndrome caused by guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency: diagnostic tools for a new inborn error of metabolism. J Pediatr. 1997;131(4):626-631. View abstract.

Grindstaff, P. D., Kreider, R., Bishop, R., Wilson, M., Wood, L., Alexander, C., and Almada, A. Effects of creatine supplementation on repetitive sprint performance and body composition in competitive swimmers. Int J Sport Nutr. 1997;7(4):330-346. View abstract.

Javierre, C., Lizarraga, M. A., Ventura, J. L., Garrido, E., and Segura, R. Creatine supplementation does not improve physical performance in a 150 m race. Rev Esp.Fisiol. 1997;53(4):343-348. View abstract.

Smith, J. C., Stephens, D. P., Hall, E. L., Jackson, A. W., and Earnest, C. P. Effect of oral creatine ingestion on parameters of the work rate-time relationship and time to exhaustion in high-intensity cycling. Eur.J Appl.Physiol Occup.Physiol 1998;77(4):360-365. View abstract.

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Oopik, V., Paasuke, M., Timpmann, S., Medijainen, L., Ereline, J., and Smirnova, T. Effect of creatine supplementation during rapid body mass reduction on metabolism and isokinetic muscle performance capacity. Eur.J Appl.Physiol Occup.Physiol 1998;78(1):83-92. View abstract.

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Glaister M, Rhodes L. Short-Term Creatine Supplementation and Repeated Sprint Ability-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2022;32(6):491-500. View abstract.

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Abuawad AK, Bozack AK, Navas-Acien A, et al. The Folic Acid and Creatine Trial: Treatment Effects of Supplementation on Arsenic Methylation Indices and Metabolite Concentrations in Blood in a Bangladeshi Population. Environ Health Perspect 2023;131(3):37015. View abstract.

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Moriarty T, Bourbeau K, Dorman K, et al. Dose-Response of Creatine Supplementation on Cognitive Function in Healthy Young Adults. Brain Sci 2023;13(9):1276. View abstract.

Gordon AN, Moore SR, Patterson ND, et al. The Effects of Creatine Monohydrate Loading on Exercise Recovery in Active Women throughout the Menstrual Cycle. Nutrients 2023;15(16):3567. View abstract.

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Chilibeck PD, Candow DG, Gordon JJ, et al. A 2-yr Randomized Controlled Trial on Creatine Supplementation during Exercise for Postmenopausal Bone Health. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023;55(10):1750-1760. View abstract.