Monographs on the medicinal uses of plant drugs. Exeter, UK: European Scientific Co-op Phytother, 1997.

Blumenthal M, ed. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Trans. S. Klein. Boston, MA: American Botanical Council, 1998.

Tyler VE. Herbs of Choice. Binghamton, NY: Pharmaceutical Products Press, 1994.

Farese RV Jr, Biglieri EG, Shackleton CH, et al. Licorice-induced hypermineralocorticoidism. N Engl J Med 1991;325:1223-7. View abstract.

Sigurjonsdottir HA, Ragnarsson J, Franzson L, Sigurdsson G. Is blood pressure commonly raised by moderate consumption of liquorice? J Hum Hypertens 1995;9:345-8. View abstract.

Prudden JF. The treatment of human cancer with agents prepared from bovine cartilage. J Biol Response Mod 1985;4:551-84. View abstract.

Armanini D, Bonanni G, Palermo M. Reduction of serum testosterone in men by licorice. N Engl J Med 1999;341:1158. View abstract.

Abe Y, Ueda T, Kato T, Kohli Y. [Effectiveness of interferon, glycyrrhizin combination therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C]. Nippon Rinsho 1994;52:1817-22. View abstract.

Takahara T, Watanabe A, Shiraki K. Effects of glycyrrhizin on hepatitis B surface antigen: a biochemical and morphological study. J Hepatol 1994;21:601-9. View abstract.

Sato H, Goto W, Yamamura J, et al. Therapeutic basis of glycyrrhizin on chronic hepatitis B. Antiviral Res 1996;30:171-7. View abstract.

Acharya SK, Dasarathy S, Tandon A, et al. A preliminary open trial on interferon stimulator (SNMC) derived from Glycyrrhiza glabra in the treatment of subacute hepatic failure. Indian J Med Res 1993;98:69-74. View abstract.

Zhang XH, Lowe D, Giles P, et al. Gender may affect the action of garlic oil on plasma cholesterol and glucose levels of normal subjects. J Nutr 2001;131:1471-8. View abstract.

Armanini D, Lewicka S, Pratesi C, et al. Further studies on the mechanism of the mineralocorticoid action of licorice in humans. J Endocrinol Invest 1996;19:624-9. View abstract.

Lee YS, Lorenzo BJ, Koufis T, et al. Grapefruit juice and its flavonoids inhibit 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1996;59:62-71. View abstract.

Zhang YD, Lorenzo B, Reidenberg MM. Inhibition of 11 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase obtained from guinea pig kidney by furosemide, naringenin and some other compounds. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1994;49:81-5. View abstract.

Kase Y, Saitoh K, Ishige A, et al. Mechanisms by which Hange-shashin-to reduces prostaglandin E2 levels. Biol Pharm Bull 1998;21:1277-81. View abstract.

Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182

Eagon PK, Elm MS, Hunter DS, et al. Medicinal herbs: modulation of estrogen action. Era of Hope Mtg, Dept Defense; Breast Cancer Res Prog, Atlanta, GA 2000;Jun 8-11.

Armanini D, De Palo CB, Mattarello MJ, et al. Effect of licorice on reduction of body fat mass in healthy subjects. J Endocrinol Invest 2003;26:646-50. View abstract.

Pfeifer BL, Pirani JF, Hamann SR, Klippel KF. PC-SPES, a dietary supplement for the treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer. BJU Int 2000;85:481-5. View abstract.

Holtmann G, Madisch A, Juergen H, et al. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial on the effects of an herbal preparation in patients with functional dyspepsia [Abstract]. Ann Mtg Digestive Disease Week 1999 May.

Strandberg TE, Jarvenpaa AL, Vanhanen H, McKeigue PM. Birth outcome in relation to licorice consumption during pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol 2001;153:1085-8. View abstract.

Sigurjonsdottir HA, Franzson L, Manhem K, et al. Liquorice-induced rise in blood pressure: a linear dose-response relationship. J Hum Hypertens 2001;15:549-52. View abstract.

Amato P, Christophe S, Mellon PL. Estrogenic activity of herbs commonly used as remedies for menopausal symptoms. Menopause 2002;9:145-50. View abstract.

Cinatl J, Morgenstern B, Bauer G, et al. Glycyrrhizin, an active component of liquorice roots, and replication of SARS-associated coronavirus. Lancet 2003;361:2045-6.. View abstract.

Kent UM, Aviram M, Rosenblat M, Hollenberg PF. The licorice root derived isoflavan glabridin inhibits the activities of human cytochrome P450S 3A4, 2B6, and 2C9. Drug Metab Dispos 2002;30:709-15.. View abstract.

Yoshida S, Takayama Y. Licorice-induced hypokalemia as a treatable cause of dropped head syndrome. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2003;105:286-7.. View abstract.

Tamir S, Eizenberg M, Somjen D, et al. Estrogenic and antiproliferative properties of glabridin from licorice in human breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 2000;60:5704-9.. View abstract.

Strandberg TE, Andersson S, Jarvenpaa AL, et al. Preterm birth and licorice consumption during pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol 2002;156:803-5.. View abstract.

Hussain RM. The sweet cake that reaches parts other cakes can't! Postgrad Med J 2003;79:115-6.. View abstract.

van Marle J, Aarsen PN, Lind A, van Weeren-Kramer J. Deglycyrrhizinised liquorice (DGL) and the renewal of rat stomach epithelium. Eur J Pharmacol 1981;72:219-25.. View abstract.

Turpie AG, Runcie J, Thomson TJ. Clinical trial of deglydyrrhizinized liquorice in gastric ulcer. Gut 1969;10:299-302. View abstract.

Tewari SN, Wilson AK. Deglycyrrhizinated liquorice in duodenal ulcer. Practitioner 1973;210:820-3. View abstract.

Amaryan G, Astvatsatryan V, Gabrielyan E, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, pilot clinical trial of ImmunoGuard--a standardized fixed combination of Andrographis paniculata Nees, with Eleutherococcus senticosus Maxim, Schizandra chinensis Bail. and Glycyrrhiza glabra L. extracts in patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever. Phytomedicine 2003;10:271-85. View abstract.

Sheehan M, Rustin MHA, Atherton DJ, et al. Efficacy of traditional Chinese herbal therapy in adult atopic dermatitis. Lancet 1992;340:13-17. View abstract.

Sheehan MP, Atherton DJ. A controlled trial of traditional Chinese medicinal plants in widespread non-exudative atopic eczema. Br J Dermatol 1992;126:179-84. View abstract.

Zhang W, Leonard T, Bath-Hextall F, et al. Chinese herbal medicine for atopic eczema. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;4:CD002291. [RETRACTED]. View abstract.

Fung AY, Look PC, Chong LY, et al. A controlled trial of traditional Chinese herbal medicine in Chinese patients with recalcitrant atopic dermatitis. Int J Dermatol 1999;38:387-92 . View abstract.

Morris DJ, Davis E, Latif SA. Licorice, tobacco chewing, and hypertension. N Engl J Med 1990;322:849-50.

Quinkler M, Stewart PM. Hypertension and the cortisol-cortisone shuttle. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:2384-92. View abstract.

Madisch A, Holtmann G, Mayr G, et al. Treatment of functional dyspepsia with a herbal preparation. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Digestion 2004;69:45-52. View abstract.

Westman EC, Guthrie GP. Licorice, tobacco chewing, and hypertension. N Engl J Med 1990;322:850.

Armanini D, Bonanni G, Mattarello MJ, et al. Licorice consumption and serum testosterone in healthy man. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2003;111:341-3. View abstract.

Melzer J, Rosch W, Reichling J, et al. Meta-analysis: phytotherapy of functional dyspepsia with the herbal drug preparation STW 5 (Iberogast). Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004;20:1279-87. View abstract.

Kumada T, et al. Effect of Shakuyaku-kanzo-to (Tsumura TJ-68) on muscle cramps accompanying cirrhosis in a placebo-controlled double-blind parallel study. J Clin Ther Med 1999;15:499-523.

Hyodo T, Taira T, Kumakura M, et al. The immediate effect of Shakuyaku-kanzo-to, traditional Japanese herbal medicine, for muscular cramps during maintenance hemodialysis. Nephron 2002;90:240. View abstract.

Hinoshita F, Ogura Y, Suzuki Y, et al. Effect of orally administered shao-yao-gan-cao-tang (Shakuyaku-kanzo-to) on muscle cramps in maintenance hemodialysis patients: a preliminary study. Am J Chin Med 2003;31:445-53. . View abstract.

Mu Y, Zhang J, Zhang S, et al. Traditional Chinese medicines Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra chinensis Baill) and Gan Cao (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch) activate pregnane X receptor and increase warfarin clearance in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006;316:1369-77. View abstract.

Yasue H, Itoh T, Mizuno Y, Harada E. Severe hypokalemia, rhabdomyolysis, muscle paralysis, and respiratory impairment in a hypertensive patient taking herbal medicines containing licorice. Intern Med 2007;46:575-8. View abstract.

Brayley J, Jones J. Life-threatening hypokalemia associated with excessive licorice ingestion (letter). Am J Psychiatry 1994;151:617-8. View abstract.

de Klerk GJ, Nieuwenhuis G, Beutler JJ. Hypokalaemia and hypertension associated with use of liquorice flavoured chewing gum. BMJ 1997;314:731-2. View abstract.

Dellow EL, Unwin RJ, Honour JW. Pontefract cakes can be bad for you: refractory hypertension and liquorice excess. Nephol Dial Transplant 1999;14:218-20. View abstract.

Elinav E, Chajek-Shaul T. Licorice consumption causing severe hypokalemic paralysis. Mayo Clin Proc 2003;78:767-8. View abstract.

Eriksson JW, Carlberg B, Hillom V. Life-threatening ventricular tachycardia due to liquorice-induced hypokalemia. J Intern Med 1999;245:307-10. View abstract.

Janse A, van Iersel M, Hoefnagels WH, Olde Rikker MG. The old lady who liked liquorice: hypertension due to chronic intoxication in a memory-impaired patient. Neth J Med 2005;63:149-50. View abstract.

Lin SH, Yang SS, Chau T, Halperin ML. An unusual cause of hypokalemic paralysis: chronic licorice ingestion. Am J Med Sci 2003;325:153-6. View abstract.

van den Bosch AE, van der Klooster JM, Zuidgeest DM, et al. Severe hypokalemic paralysis and rhabdomyolysis due to ingestion of liquorice. Neth J Med 2005;63:146-8. View abstract.

van Uum SH. Liquorice and hypertension. Neth J Med 2005;63:119-20. View abstract.

Russo S, Mastropasqua M, Mosetti MA, et al. Low doses of liquorice can induce hypertension encephalopathy. Am J Nephrol 2000;20:145-8. View abstract.

Stormer FC, Reistad R, Alexander J. Glycyrrhizic acid in liquorice - evaluation of health hazard. Food Chem Toxicol 1993;31:303-12. View abstract.

Sontia B, Mooney J, Gaudet L, Touyz RM. Pseudohyperaldosteronism, liquorice, and hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2008;10:153-7. View abstract.

Francini-Pesenti F, Puato M, Piccoli A, Brocadello F. Liquorice-induced hypokalaemia and water retention in the absence of hypertension. Phytother Res 2008;22:563-5. View abstract.

Lapi F, Gallo E, Bernasconi S, et al. Myopathies associated with red yeast rice and liquorice: spontaneous reports from the Italian Surveillance System of Natural Health Products. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2008;66:572-4. View abstract.

Bell ZW, Canale RE, Bloomer RJ. A dual investigation of the effect of dietary supplementation with licorice flavonoid oil on anthropometric and biochemical markers or health and adiposity. Lipids Health Dis 2011;10:29. View abstract.

Madisch A, Melderis H, Mayr G, et al. [A plant extract and its modified preparation in functional dyspepsia. Results of a double-blind placebo controlled comparative study]. Z Gastroenterol 2001;39(7):511-7. View abstract.

Chen MF, Shimada F, Kato H, Yano S, Kanaoka M. Effect of glycyrrhizin on the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone following low dosage of prednisolone hemisuccinate. Endocrinol Jpn 1990;37:331-41. View abstract.

Teelucksingh S, Mackie AD, Burt D, McIntyre MA, Brett L, Edwards CR. Potentiation of hydrocortisone activity in skin by glycyrrhetinic acid. Lancet 1990;335(8697):1060-3. View abstract.

Heidemann HT, Kreuzfelder E. Hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis with myoglobinuria due to licorice ingestion and diuretic treatment. Klin Wochenschr 1983;61:303-5. View abstract.

Hukkanen J, Ukkola O, Savolainen MJ. Effects of low-dose liquorice alone or in combination with hydrochlorothiazide on the plasma potassium in healthy volunteers. Blood Press 2009;18:192-5. View abstract.

Kraus SD, Kaminskis A. The anti-estrogenic action of beta-glycyrrhetinic acid. Exp Med Surg 1969;27:411-20. View abstract.

Bisogni V, Rossi GP, Calò LA. Apparent mineralcorticoid excess syndrome, an often forgotten or unrecognized cause of hypokalemia and hypertension: case report and appraisal of the pathophysiology. Blood Press. 2014 Jun;23(3):189-92. View abstract.

Dehours E, Vallé B, Rougé-Bugat ME, Florent B, Bounes V, Franchitto N. Suspected hypokalaemia following liquorice ingestion on board ship. J Telemed Telecare. 2013 Jun;19(4):227-8. View abstract.

Gupta D, Agrawal S, Sharma JP. Effect of preoperative licorice lozenges on incidence of postextubation cough and sore throat in smokers undergoing general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation. Middle East J Anaesthesiol. 2013 Jun;22(2):173-8. View abstract.

Kormann R, Languille E, Amiot HM, Hertig A. Dying for a cup of tea. BMJ Case Rep. 2012 Oct 19;2012. View abstract.

Menati L, Khaleghinezhad K, Tadayon M, Siahpoosh A. Evaluation of contextual and demographic factors on licorice effects on reducing hot flashes in postmenopause women. Health Care Women Int. 2014 Jan;35(1):87-99. View abstract.

Panduranga P, Al-Rawahi N. Licorice-induced severe hypokalemia with recurrent torsade de pointes. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2013 Nov;18(6):593-6. View abstract.

Räikkönen K, Seckl JR, Heinonen K, Pyhälä R, Feldt K, Jones A, Pesonen AK, Phillips DI, Lahti J, Järvenpää AL, Eriksson JG, Matthews KA, Strandberg TE, Kajantie E. Maternal prenatal licorice consumption alters hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis function in children. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2010 Nov;35(10):1587-93. View abstract.

Robles BJ, Sandoval AR, Dardon JD, Blas CA. Lethal liquorice lollies (liquorice abuse causing pseudohyperaldosteronism). BMJ Case Rep. 2013 Sep 19;2013. View abstract.

Ruetzler K, Fleck M, Nabecker S, Pinter K, Landskron G, Lassnigg A, You J, Sessler DI. A randomized, double-blind comparison of licorice versus sugar-water gargle for prevention of postoperative sore throat and postextubation coughing. Anesth Analg. 2013 Sep;117(3):614-21. View abstract.

Baykul, T., Alanoglu, E. G., and Kocer, G. Use of Ankaferd Blood Stopper as a hemostatic agent: a clinical experience. J Contemp Dent Pract 2010;11(1):E088-E094. View abstract.

Purnak, T., Ozaslan, E., Beyazit, Y., and Haznedaroglu, I. C. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in a patient with defective hemostasis successfully treated with ankaferd blood stopper. Phytother.Res. 2011;25(2):312-313. View abstract.

Eyi, E. G., Engin-Ustun, Y., Kaba, M., and Mollamahmutoglu, L. Ankaferd blood stopper in episiotomy repair. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 2013;40(1):141-143. View abstract.

Chamberlain, J. J. and Abolnik, I. Z. Pulmonary edema following a licorice binge. West J Med 1997;167(3):184-185. View abstract.

Barrella, M., Lauria, G., Quatrale, R., and Paolino, E. Hypokaliemic rhabdomyolysis associated with liquorice ingestion: report of an atypical case. Ital.J Neurol.Sci 1997;18(4):217-220. View abstract.

Brush, J., Mendenhall, E., Guggenheim, A., Chan, T., Connelly, E., Soumyanath, A., Buresh, R., Barrett, R., and Zwickey, H. The effect of Echinacea purpurea, Astragalus membranaceus and Glycyrrhiza glabra on CD69 expression and immune cell activation in humans. Phytother Res 2006;20(8):687-695. View abstract.

Chien, C. F., Wu, Y. T., and Tsai, T. H. Biological analysis of herbal medicines used for the treatment of liver diseases. Biomed.Chromatogr. 2011;25(1-2):21-38. View abstract.

Hawrelak, J. A. and Myers, S. P. Effects of two natural medicine formulations on irritable bowel syndrome symptoms: a pilot study. J Altern Complement Med 2010;16(10):1065-1071. View abstract.

Xu, L., Jiang, J., and Du, F. Z. [Application of dannang recipe no. 2 in the perioperative stage of laparoscopic cholecystectomy]. Zhongguo Zhong.Xi.Yi Jie.He.Za Zhi 2008;28(12):1090-1092. View abstract.

Reuter, J., Merfort, I., and Schempp, C. M. Botanicals in dermatology: an evidence-based review. Am J Clin Dermatol 2010;11(4):247-267. View abstract.

Liang, R. N., Liu, J., and Lu, J. [Treatment of refractory polycystic ovary syndrome by bushen huoxue method combined with ultrasound-guided follicle aspiration]. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 2008;28(4):314-317. View abstract.

Fugh-Berman, A. Herb-drug interactions. Lancet 2000;355(9198):134-138. View abstract.

Hasani-Ranjbar, S., Nayebi, N., Moradi, L., Mehri, A., Larijani, B., and Abdollahi, M. The efficacy and safety of herbal medicines used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia; a systematic review. Curr.Pharm.Des 2010;16(26):2935-2947. View abstract.

Goto, F., Asama, Y., and Ogawa, K. Sho-saiko-to-ka-kikyo-sekko as an alternative treatment for chronic tonsillitis to avoid surgery. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2010;16(4):216-218. View abstract.

Luper, S. A review of plants used in the treatment of liver disease: part two. Altern Med Rev 1999;4(3):178-188. View abstract.

Hasegawa, J., Suyama, Y., Kinugawa, T., Morisawa, T., and Kishimoto, Y. Echocardiographic findings of the heart resembling dilated cardiomyopathy during hypokalemic myopathy due to licorice-induced pseudoaldosteronism. Cardiovasc.Drugs Ther 1998;12(6):599-600. View abstract.

Hossain, M. S., Takimoto, H., Hamano, S., Yoshida, H., Ninomiya, T., Minamishima, Y., Kimura, G., and Nomoto, K. Protective effects of hochu-ekki-to, a Chinese traditional herbal medicine against murine cytomegalovirus infection. Immunopharmacology 1999;41(3):169-181. View abstract.

van Rossum, T. G., Vulto, A. G., Hop, W. C., Brouwer, J. T., Niesters, H. G., and Schalm, S. W. Intravenous glycyrrhizin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase I/II trial. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999;14(11):1093-1099. View abstract.

van Rossum, T. G., Vulto, A. G., Hop, W. C., and Schalm, S. W. Pharmacokinetics of intravenous glycyrrhizin after single and multiple doses in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. Clin Ther 1999;21(12):2080-2090. View abstract.

Dobbins, K. R. and Saul, R. F. Transient visual loss after licorice ingestion. J Neuroophthalmol. 2000;20(1):38-41. View abstract.

Doeker, B. M. and Andler, W. Liquorice, growth retardation and Addison's disease. Horm.Res 1999;52(5):253-255. View abstract.

Lozano, P., Flores, D., Martinez, S., Artigues, I., Rimbau, E. M., and Gomez, F. Upper limb ischemia induced by chronic licorice ingestion. J Cardiovasc.Surg (Torino) 2000;41(4):631-632. View abstract.

Fujisawa, Y., Sakamoto, M., Matsushita, M., Fujita, T., and Nishioka, K. Glycyrrhizin inhibits the lytic pathway of complement--possible mechanism of its anti-inflammatory effect on liver cells in viral hepatitis. Microbiol Immunol 2000;44(9):799-804. View abstract.

van Gelderen, C. E., Bijlsma, J. A., van Dokkum, W., and Savelkoul, T. J. Glycyrrhizic acid: the assessment of a no effect level. Hum.Exp Toxicol. 2000;19(8):434-439. View abstract.

Brouwers, A. J. and van der, Meulen J. ['Licorice hypertension' also caused by licorice tea]. Ned.Tijdschr Geneeskd. 4-14-2001;145(15):744-747. View abstract.

van Rossum, T. G., Vulto, A. G., Hop, W. C., and Schalm, S. W. Glycyrrhizin-induced reduction of ALT in European patients with chronic hepatitis C. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96(8):2432-2437. View abstract.

Serra, A., Uehlinger, D. E., Ferrari, P., Dick, B., Frey, B. M., Frey, F. J., and Vogt, B. Glycyrrhetinic Acid decreases plasma potassium concentrations in patients with anuria. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002;13(1):191-196. View abstract.

Zhou, Y., Huang, Z., and Huang, T. [Clinical study of shengxue mixture in treating aplastic anemia]. Zhongguo Zhong.Xi.Yi.Jie.He.Za Zhi. 2000;20(3):173-175. View abstract.

Fuhrman, B., Volkova, N., Kaplan, M., Presser, D., Attias, J., Hayek, T., and Aviram, M. Antiatherosclerotic effects of licorice extract supplementation on hypercholesterolemic patients: increased resistance of LDL to atherogenic modifications, reduced plasma lipid levels, and decreased systolic blood pressure. Nutrition 2002;18(3):268-273. View abstract.

Sigurjonsdottir, H. A., Manhem, K., Axelson, M., and Wallerstedt, S. Subjects with essential hypertension are more sensitive to the inhibition of 11 beta-HSD by liquorice. J Hum Hypertens 2003;17(2):125-131. View abstract.

Luo, Y. G., Liu, Y. Q., and Hu, J. [Clinical study on effect of recombinant roasted licorice decoction combined with low-dose glucocorticoids in treating idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]. Zhongguo Zhong.Xi.Yi.Jie.He.Za Zhi. 2001;21(7):501-503. View abstract.

Lin, J. C. Mechanism of action of glycyrrhizic acid in inhibition of Epstein-Barr virus replication in vitro. Antiviral Res 2003;59(1):41-47. View abstract.

Caradonna, P., Gentiloni, N., Servidei, S., Perrone, G. A., Greco, A. V., and Russo, M. A. Acute myopathy associated with chronic licorice ingestion: reversible loss of myoadenylate deaminase activity. Ultrastruct Pathol 1992;16(5):529-535. View abstract.

Saeedi, M., Morteza-Semnani, K., and Ghoreishi, M. R. The treatment of atopic dermatitis with licorice gel. J Dermatolog Treat 2003;14(3):153-157. View abstract.

Roussak NJ. Fatal hypokalaemic alkalosis with tetany during liquorice and P.A.S. therapy. Brit Med J 1952;1:360-361. View abstract.

Eisenburg, J. [Treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Part 2: Effect of glycyrrhizic acid on the course of illness]. Fortschr.Med 7-30-1992;110(21):395-398. View abstract.

Armanini, D., Mattarello, M. J., Fiore, C., Bonanni, G., Scaroni, C., Sartorato, P., and Palermo, M. Licorice reduces serum testosterone in healthy women. Steroids 2004;69(11-12):763-766. View abstract.

Shintani, S., Murase, H., Tsukagoshi, H., and Shiigai, T. Glycyrrhizin (licorice)-induced hypokalemic myopathy. Report of 2 cases and review of the literature. Eur Neurol 1992;32(1):44-51. View abstract.

Armanini, D., Nacamulli, D., Francini-Pesenti, F., Battagin, G., Ragazzi, E., and Fiore, C. Glycyrrhetinic acid, the active principle of licorice, can reduce the thickness of subcutaneous thigh fat through topical application. Steroids 2005;70(8):538-542. View abstract.

Ai, M., Yamaguchi, T., Odaka, T., Mitsuhashi, K., Shishido, T., Yan, J., Seza, A., and Saisho, H. Objective assessment of the antispasmodic effect of shakuyaku-kanzo-to (TJ-68), a Chinese herbal medicine, on the colonic wall by direct spraying during colonoscopy. World J Gastroenterol 2-7-2006;12(5):760-764. View abstract.

Visavadiya, N. P. and Narasimhacharya, A. V. Hypocholesterolaemic and antioxidant effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra (Linn) in rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2006;50(11):1080-1086. View abstract.

Armanini, D., Castello, R., Scaroni, C., Bonanni, G., Faccini, G., Pellati, D., Bertoldo, A., Fiore, C., and Moghetti, P. Treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome with spironolactone plus licorice. Eur J Obstet Gynecol.Reprod Biol 2007;131(1):61-67. View abstract.

Mumoli, N. and Cei, M. Licorice-induced hypokalemia. Int J Cardiol 2008;124(3):e42-e44. View abstract.

Hattori, M., Sakamoto, T., Kobashi, K., and Namba, T. Metabolism of glycyrrhizin by human intestinal flora. Planta Med 1983;48(5):38-42. View abstract.

Chin, Y. W., Jung, H. A., Liu, Y., Su, B. N., Castoro, J. A., Keller, W. J., Pereira, M. A., and Kinghorn, A. D. Anti-oxidant constituents of the roots and stolons of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra). J Agric Food Chem 6-13-2007;55(12):4691-4697. View abstract.

Chen, M. F., Shimada, F., Kato, H., Yano, S., and Kanaoka, M. Effect of oral administration of glycyrrhizin on the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone. Endocrinol Jpn 1991;38(2):167-174. View abstract.

Cooper, H., Bhattacharya, B., Verma, V., McCulloch, A. J., Smellie, W. S., and Heald, A. H. Liquorice and soy sauce, a life-saving concoction in a patient with Addison's disease. Ann Clin Biochem 2007;44(Pt 4):397-399. View abstract.

Aoki, F., Nakagawa, K., Kitano, M., Ikematsu, H., Nakamura, K., Yokota, S., Tominaga, Y., Arai, N., and Mae, T. Clinical safety of licorice flavonoid oil (LFO) and pharmacokinetics of glabridin in healthy humans. J Am Coll.Nutr 2007;26(3):209-218. View abstract.

Fiore, C., Eisenhut, M., Krausse, R., Ragazzi, E., Pellati, D., Armanini, D., and Bielenberg, J. Antiviral effects of Glycyrrhiza species. Phytother Res 2008;22(2):141-148. View abstract.

Lee, C. H., Park, S. W., Kim, Y. S., Kang, S. S., Kim, J. A., Lee, S. H., and Lee, S. M. Protective mechanism of glycyrrhizin on acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in mice. Biol Pharm Bull. 2007;30(10):1898-1904. View abstract.

Lee, C. K., Park, K. K., Lim, S. S., Park, J. H., and Chung, W. Y. Effects of the licorice extract against tumor growth and cisplatin-induced toxicity in a mouse xenograft model of colon cancer. Biol Pharm Bull 2007;30(11):2191-2195. View abstract.

Rackova, L., Jancinova, V., Petrikova, M., Drabikova, K., Nosal, R., Stefek, M., Kostalova, D., Pronayova, N., and Kovacova, M. Mechanism of anti-inflammatory action of liquorice extract and glycyrrhizin. Nat Prod Res 2007;21(14):1234-1241. View abstract.

Isaia, G. C., Pellissetto, C., Ravazzoli, M., and Tamone, C. Acute adrenal crisis and hypercalcemia in a patient assuming high liquorice doses. Minerva Med 2008;99(1):91-94. View abstract.

Burgess, J. A., van der Ven, P. F., Martin, M., Sherman, J., and Haley, J. Review of over-the-counter treatments for aphthous ulceration and results from use of a dissolving oral patch containing glycyrrhiza complex herbal extract. J Contemp.Dent Pract. 2008;9(3):88-98. View abstract.

Martin, M. D., Sherman, J., van der Ven, V., and Burgess, J. A controlled trial of a dissolving oral patch concerning glycyrrhiza (licorice) herbal extract for the treatment of aphthous ulcers. Gen Dent 2008;56(2):206-210. View abstract.

Wu, T. H., Chiu, T. Y., Tsai, J. S., Chen, C. Y., Chen, L. C., and Yang, L. L. Effectiveness of Taiwanese traditional herbal diet for pain management in terminal cancer patients. Asia Pac.J Clin Nutr 2008;17(1):17-22. View abstract.

Asl, M. N. and Hosseinzadeh, H. Review of pharmacological effects of Glycyrrhiza sp. and its bioactive compounds. Phytother Res 2008;22(6):709-724. View abstract.

Yuan, H. N., Wang, C. Y., Sze, C. W., Tong, Y., Tan, Q. R., Feng, X. J., Liu, R. M., Zhang, J. Z., Zhang, Y. B., and Zhang, Z. J. A randomized, crossover comparison of herbal medicine and bromocriptine against risperidone-induced hyperprolactinemia in patients with schizophrenia. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2008;28(3):264-370. View abstract.

Jin, C. Y., Wang, D. L., and Fang, Z. D. [Effect of integrative Chinese and Western medicine in treating chronic urticaria and its impact on interleukin-10 and interleukin-8 in peripheral blood]. Zhongguo Zhong.Xi.Yi Jie.He.Za Zhi 2008;28(4):358-360. View abstract.

O'Connell, R. L., White, I. R., White, J. M., and McFadden, J. P. Liquorice extract in a cosmetic product causing contact allergy. Contact Dermatitis 2008;59(1):52. View abstract.

Zheng, A. and Moritani, T. Effect of the combination of ginseng, oriental bezoar and glycyrrhiza on autonomic nervous activity and immune system under mental arithmetic stress. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol.(Tokyo) 2008;54(3):244-249. View abstract.

Moghadamnia, A. A., Motallebnejad, M., and Khanian, M. The efficacy of the bioadhesive patches containing licorice extract in the management of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Phytother Res 2009;23(2):246-250. View abstract.

Akamatsu, H., Komura, J., Asada, Y., and Niwa, Y. Mechanism of anti-inflammatory action of glycyrrhizin: effect on neutrophil functions including reactive oxygen species generation. Planta Med 1991;57(2):119-121. View abstract.

Carmeli, E., Harpaz, Y., Kogan, N. N., and Fogelman, Y. The effect of an endogenous antioxidant glabridin on oxidized LDL. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2008;19(1):49-63. View abstract.

Brasseur, A. and Ducobu, J. [Severe hypokalemia after holidays return]. Rev Med Brux 2008;29(5):490-493. View abstract.

Johns, C. Glycyrrhizic acid toxicity caused by consumption of licorice candy cigars. CJEM 2009;11(1):94-96. View abstract.

Bocker, D. and Breithardt, G. [Induction of arrhythmia by licorice abuse]. Z Kardiol 1991;80(6):389-391. View abstract.

Bai, Y. S., Zhou, C. Y., and Wang, J. Q. [Clinical observation on auxiliary treatment of hormone dependence dermatitis by shufeng liangxue decoction]. Zhongguo Zhong.Xi.Yi Jie.He.Za Zhi 2008;28(12):1121-1123. View abstract.

Rosenblat, M. and Aviram, M. Paraoxonases role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Biofactors 2009;35(1):98-104. View abstract.

Tacconi, P., Paribello, A., Cannas, A., and Marrosu, M. G. Carpal tunnel syndrome triggered by excessive licorice consumption. J Peripher.Nerv.Syst. 2009;14(1):64-65. View abstract.

Agarwal, A., Gupta, D., Yadav, G., Goyal, P., Singh, P. K., and Singh, U. An evaluation of the efficacy of licorice gargle for attenuating postoperative sore throat: a prospective, randomized, single-blind study. Anesth Analg 2009;109(1):77-81. View abstract.

Carmeli, E. and Fogelman, Y. Antioxidant effect of polyphenolic glabridin on LDL oxidation. Toxicol.Ind.Health 2009;25(4-5):321-324. View abstract.

Crean, A. M., Abdel-Rahman, S. E., and Greenwood, J. P. A sweet tooth as the root cause of cardiac arrest. Can J Cardiol 2009;25(10):e357-e358. View abstract.

Schleimer, R. P. Potential regulation of inflammation in the lung by local metabolism of hydrocortisone. Am J Respir.Cell Mol.Biol. 1991;4(2):166-173. View abstract.

Yamaguchi, H., Kidachi, Y., Kamiie, K., Noshita, T., Umetsu, H., and Ryoyama, K. Glycyrrhetinic acid induces anoikis-like death and cytoskeletal disruption in the central nervous system tumorigenic cells. Biol.Pharm Bull. 2010;33(2):321-324. View abstract.

Yamamoto, T., Hatanaka, M., Matsuda, J., Kadoya, H., Takahashi, A., Namba, T., Takeji, M., and Yamauchi, A. [Clinical characteristics of five elderly patients with severe hypokalemia induced by glycyrrhizin derivatives]. Nihon Jinzo Gakkai Shi 2010;52(1):80-85. View abstract.

Gao, X., Wang, W., Wei, S., and Li, W. [Review of pharmacological effects of Glycyrrhiza radix and its bioactive compounds]. Zhongguo Zhong.Yao Za Zhi 2009;34(21):2695-2700. View abstract.

Tu, J. H., He, Y. J., Chen, Y., Fan, L., Zhang, W., Tan, Z. R., Huang, Y. F., Guo, D., Hu, D. L., Wang, D., and Hong-Hao Zhou. Effect of glycyrrhizin on the activity of CYP3A enzyme in humans. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2010;66(8):805-810. View abstract.

Chen, W. G. and Ba, Z. M. Prof. ZHANG Yi's experience in treating severe arrhythmia. J Tradit.Chin Med 2010;30(1):47-50. View abstract.

Caubet-Kamar, N., Tubery, M., Garrouste, C., Lauque, D., and Kamar, N. Harmful effect of saline infusion in a patient with glycyrrhizic acid poisoning. CJEM 2010;12(3):224-225. View abstract.

Goultschin, J., Palmon, S., Shapira, L., Brayer, L., and Gedalia, I. Effect of glycyrrhizin-containing toothpaste on dental plaque reduction and gingival health in humans. A pilot study. J Clin Periodontol 1991;18(3):210-212. View abstract.

Hsu, Y. L., Wu, L. Y., Hou, M. F., Tsai, E. M., Lee, J. N., Liang, H. L., Jong, Y. J., Hung, C. H., and Kuo, P. L. Glabridin, an isoflavan from licorice root, inhibits migration, invasion and angiogenesis of MDA-MB-231 human breast adenocarcinoma cells by inhibiting focal adhesion kinase/Rho signaling pathway. Mol.Nutr Food Res 2011;55(2):318-327. View abstract.

Badr, A. E., Omar, N., and Badria, F. A. A laboratory evaluation of the antibacterial and cytotoxic effect of Liquorice when used as root canal medicament. Int Endod.J 2011;44(1):51-58. View abstract.

Yorgun, H., Aksoy, H., Sendur, M. A., Ates, A. H., Kaya, E. B., Aytemir, K., and Oto, A. Brugada syndrome with aborted sudden cardiac death related to liquorice-induced hypokalemia. Med Princ Pract 2010;19(6):485-489. View abstract.

Mohire, N. C. and Yadav, A. V. Chitosan-based polyherbal toothpaste: as novel oral hygiene product. Indian J Dent Res 2010;21(3):380-384. View abstract.

Scali, M., Pratesi, C., Zennaro, M. C., Zampollo, V., and Armanini, D. Pseudohyperaldosteronism from liquorice-containing laxatives. J Endocrinol Invest 1990;13(10):847-848. View abstract.

Chatterjee, N., Domoto-Reilly, K., Fecci, P. E., Schwamm, L. H., and Singhal, A. B. Licorice-associated reversible cerebral vasoconstriction with PRES. Neurology 2010;75(21):1939-1941. View abstract.

Peters, M. C., Tallman, J. A., Braun, T. M., and Jacobson, J. J. Clinical reduction of S. mutans in pre-school children using a novel liquorice root extract lollipop: a pilot study. Eur.Arch.Paediatr.Dent 2010;11(6):274-278. View abstract.

Imtiaz, K. E. Sweet root, bitter pill: liquorice-induced hyperaldosteronism. QJM 2011;104(12):1093-1095. View abstract.

Cassano, N., Mantegazza, R., Battaglini, S., Apruzzi, D., Loconsole, F., and Vena, G. A. Adjuvant role of a new emollient cream in patients with palmar and/or plantar psoriasis: a pilot randomized open-label study. G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2010;145(6):789-792. View abstract.

Costa, A., Moises, T. A., Cordero, T., Alves, C. R., and Marmirori, J. Association of emblica, licorice and belides as an alternative to hydroquinone in the clinical treatment of melasma. An Bras Dermatol 2010;85(5):613-620. View abstract.

van Beers, E. J., Stam, J., and van den Bergh, W. M. Licorice consumption as a cause of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: a case report. Crit Care 2011;15(1):R64. View abstract.

Lorenzin, F., Degen, C., Milani, A., Siciliano, M., and Rossi, L. [Pseudo-hyperaldosteronism caused by licorice. Pathogenetic considerations and presentation of a clinical case]. Clin Ter 1990;132(1):55-58. View abstract.

MacKenzie, M. A., Hoefnagels, W. H., Jansen, R. W., Benraad, T. J., and Kloppenborg, P. W. The influence of glycyrrhetinic acid on plasma cortisol and cortisone in healthy young volunteers. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990;70(6):1637-1643. View abstract.

Messier, C., Epifano, F., Genovese, S., and Grenier, D. Licorice and its potential beneficial effects in common oro-dental diseases. Oral Dis 2012;18(1):32-39. View abstract.

Sheth, V. M. and Pandya, A. G. Melasma: a comprehensive update: part II. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011;65(4):699-714. View abstract.

Hajiaghamohammadi, A. A., Ziaee, A., and Samimi, R. The efficacy of licorice root extract in decreasing transaminase activities in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res 2012;26(9):1381-1384. View abstract.

Lee, I. T., Lee, W. J., Tsai, C. M., Su, I. J., Yen, H. T., and Sheu, W. H. Combined extractives of red yeast rice, bitter gourd, chlorella, soy protein, and licorice improve total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride in subjects with metabolic syndrome. Nutr Res 2012;32(2):85-92. View abstract.

Nabeshima, S., Kashiwagi, K., Ajisaka, K., Masui, S., Takeoka, H., Ikematsu, H., and Kashiwagi, S. A randomized, controlled trial comparing traditional herbal medicine and neuraminidase inhibitors in the treatment of seasonal influenza. J Infect.Chemother. 2012;18(4):534-543. View abstract.

Celik, M. M., Karakus, A., Zeren, C., Demir, M., Bayarogullari, H., Duru, M., and Al, M. Licorice induced hypokalemia, edema, and thrombocytopenia. Hum Exp Toxicol 2012;31(12):1295-1298. View abstract.

Ruiz-Granados, E. S., Shouls, G., Sainsbury, C., and Antonios, T. A salty cause of severe hypertension. BMJ Case Rep 2012;2012. View abstract.

Korri, H., Awada, A., Baajour, W., Beaini, M., and Nasreddine, W. [Rapidly progressing quadriparesis secondary to licorice (souss) intoxication]. J Med Liban 2012;60(2):117-119. View abstract.

Huang, W. W., Wang, M. Y., Shi, H. M., Peng, Y., Peng, C. S., Zhang, M., Li, Y., Lu, J., and Li, X. B. Comparative study of bioactive constituents in crude and processed Glycyrrhizae radix and their respective metabolic profiles in gastrointestinal tract in vitro by HPLC-DAD and HPLC-ESI/MS analyses. Arch.Pharm Res 2012;35(11):1945-1952. View abstract.

Steinberg, D., Sgan-Cohen, H. D., Stabholz, A., Pizanty, S., Segal, R., and Sela, M. N. The anticariogenic activity of glycyrrhizin: preliminary clinical trials. Isr J Dent Sci 1989;2(3):153-157. View abstract.

Hattori, T., Ikematsu, S., Koito, A., Matsushita, S., Maeda, Y., Hada, M., Fujimaki, M., and Takatsuki, K. Preliminary evidence for inhibitory effect of glycyrrhizin on HIV replication in patients with AIDS. Antiviral Res 1989;11(5-6):255-261. View abstract.

Das SK, Das V, Gulati AK, and et al. Deglycyrrhizinated liquorice in aphthous ulcers. J Assoc Physicians India 1989;37(10):647. View abstract.

Baba, M. and Shigeta, S. Antiviral activity of glycyrrhizin against varicella-zoster virus in vitro. Antiviral Res 1987;7(2):99-107. View abstract.

Nussbaumer, U., Landolt, M., Rothlisberger, G., Akovbiantz, A., Keller, H., Weber, E., Blum, A. L., and Peter, P. [Postoperative stress hemorrhage: ineffective prevention with pepsin inhibitor and deglycyrrhizinized licorice extract. Prospective study]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 2-26-1977;107(8):276-279. View abstract.

Ito, M., Sato, A., Hirabayashi, K., Tanabe, F., Shigeta, S., Baba, M., De Clercq, E., Nakashima, H., and Yamamoto, N. Mechanism of inhibitory effect of glycyrrhizin on replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Antiviral Res 12-11-1988;10(6):289-298. View abstract.

Ito, M., Nakashima, H., Baba, M., Pauwels, R., De Clercq, E., Shigeta, S., and Yamamoto, N. Inhibitory effect of glycyrrhizin on the in vitro infectivity and cytopathic activity of the human immunodeficiency virus [HIV (HTLV- III/LAV)]. Antiviral Res 1987;7(3):127-137. View abstract.

Bardhan, K. D., Cumberland, D. C., Dixon, R. A., and Holdsworth, C. D. Clinical trial of deglycyrrhizinised liquorice in gastric ulcer. Gut 1978;19(9):779-782. View abstract.

Balakrishnan, V., Pillai, M. V., Raveendran, P. M., and Nair, C. S. Deglycyrrhizinated liquorice in the treatment of chronic duodenal ulcer. J Assoc Physicians India 1978;26(9):811-814. View abstract.

Beretta-Piccoli, C., Salvade, G., Crivelli, P. L., and Weidmann, P. Body-sodium and blood volume in a patient with licorice-induced hypertension. J Hypertens 1985;3(1):19-23. View abstract.

Cotterill, J. A. and Cunliffe, W. J. Self-medication with liquorice in a patient with Addison's disease. Lancet 2-10-1973;1(7798):294-295. View abstract.

Wilson, J. A. A comparison of carbenoxolone sodium and deglycyrrhizinated liquorice in the treatment of gastric ulcer in the ambulant patient. Br J Clin Pract 1972;26(12):563-566. View abstract.

Engqvist, A., von Feilitzen, F., Pyk, E., and Reichard, H. Double-blind trial of deglycyrrhizinated liquorice in gastric ulcer. Gut 1973;14(9):711-715. View abstract.

Anonymous. Treatment of duodenal ulcer with glycyrrhizinic-acid-reduced liquorice. A multicentre trial. Br Med J 1971;3(773):501-503. View abstract.

Rees, W. D., Rhodes, J., Wright, J. E., Stamford, L. F., and Bennett, A. Effect of deglycyrrhizinated liquorice on gastric mucosal damage by aspirin. Scand.J Gastroenterol. 1979;14(5):605-607. View abstract.

Koster, M. and David, G. K. Reversible severe hypertension due to licorice ingestion. N Engl J Med 1968;278(25):1381-1383. View abstract.

Corse, F. M., Galgani, S., Gasparini, C., Giacanelli, M., and Piazza, G. Acute hypokalemic myopathy due to chronic licorice ingestion: report of a case. Ital J Neurol Sci 1983;4(4):493-497. View abstract.

Gibertoni, M., Bonito, V., Colombo, A., Falasca, A., and Nichelli, P. [Licorice-induced myopathy. Report of a new case]. Riv Patol Nerv Ment 1983;104(4):179-183. View abstract.

Mitscher, L. A., Park, Y. H., Clark, D., and Beal, J. L. Antimicrobial agents from higher plants. Antimicrobial isoflavanoids and related substances from Glycyrrhiza glabra L. var. typica. J Nat Prod 1980;43(2):259-269. View abstract.

Cumming, A. M., Boddy, K., Brown, J. J., Fraser, R., Lever, A. F., Padfield, P. L., and Robertson, J. I. Severe hypokalaemia with paralysis induced by small doses of liquorice. Postgrad Med J 1980;56(657):526-529. View abstract.

Berlango Jimenez A., Jimenez Murillo L., Montero Perez F. J., Munoz Avila J. A., Torres Murillo J., and Calderon de la Barca Gazquez J. M. [Acute rhabdomyolysis and tetraparesis secondary to hypokalemia due to ingested licorice]. An Med Interna 1995;12(1):33-35. View abstract.

Kitagawa, I., Chen, W. Z., Hori, K., Harada, E., Yasuda, N., Yoshikawa, M., and Ren, J. Chemical studies of Chinese licorice-roots. I. Elucidation of five new flavonoid constituents from the roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. collected in Xinjiang. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1994;42(5):1056-1062. View abstract.

Bernardi, M., D'Intino, P. E., Trevisani, F., Cantelli-Forti, G., Raggi, M. A., Turchetto, E., and Gasbarrini, G. Effects of prolonged ingestion of graded doses of licorice by healthy volunteers. Life Sci 1994;55(11):863-872. View abstract.

Luchon, L., Meyrier, A., and Paillard, F. [Hypokalemia without arterial hypertension by licorice poisoning]. Nephrologie 1993;14(4):177-181. View abstract.

Murakami, T. and Uchikawa, T. Effect of glycyrrhizine on hyperkalemia due to hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism in diabetes mellitus. Life Sci 1993;53(5):PL63-8. View abstract.

van der Zwan A. Hypertension encephalopathy after liquorice ingestion. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1993;95(1):35-37. View abstract.

Werner, S., Brismar, K., and Olsson, S. Hyperprolactinaemia and liquorice. Lancet 2-10-1979;1(8111):319. View abstract.

Da Nagao, Y., Sata, M., Suzuki, H., Tanikawa, K., Itoh, K., and Kameyama, T. Effectiveness of glycyrrhizin for oral lichen planus in patients with chronic HCV infection. J Gastroenterol 1996;31(5):691-695. View abstract.

Kroes, B. H., Beukelman, C. J., van den Berg, A. J., Wolbink, G. J., van Dijk, H., and Labadie, R. P. Inhibition of human complement by beta-glycyrrhetinic acid. Immunology 1997;90(1):115-120. View abstract.

Arase, Y., Ikeda, K., Murashima, N., Chayama, K., Tsubota, A., Koida, I., Suzuki, Y., Saitoh, S., Kobayashi, M., and Kumada, H. The long term efficacy of glycyrrhizin in chronic hepatitis C patients. Cancer 1997;79(8):1494-1500. View abstract.

Bannister, B., Ginsburg, R., and Shneerson, J. Cardiac arrest due to liquoriceinduced hypokalaemia. Br Med J 9-17-1977;2(6089):738-739. View abstract.

Yamada, K., Kanba, S., Yagi, G., and Asai, M. Effectiveness of herbal medicine (shakuyaku-kanzo-to) for neuroleptic-induced hyperprolactinemia. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1997;17(3):234-235. View abstract.

Yamashiki, M., Nishimura, A., Suzuki, H., Sakaguchi, S., and Kosaka, Y. Effects of the Japanese herbal medicine "Sho-saiko-to" (TJ-9) on in vitro interleukin-10 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 1997;25(6):1390-1397. View abstract.

Nishioka, K. and Seguchi, T. Contact allergy due to oil-soluble licorice extracts in cosmetic products. Contact Dermatitis 1999;40(1):56. View abstract.

Kumada T, et al. Effect of Shakuyaku-kanzo-to (Tsumura TJ-68) on muscle cramps accompanying cirrhosis in a placebo-controlled double-blind parallel study. Journal of Clinical Therapeutics Medicine. 1999;15:499-523.

Suzuki H, Ohta Y, Takino T, and et al. Effects of glycyrrhizin on biochemical tests in patients with chronic hepatitis -- double blind trial. Asian Medical Journal 1984;26(7):423-438.

Mattarello MJ, Karbowiak I, Ermolao A, and et al. Licorice reduces body fat mass in obese men and women. 83rd Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, June 20-23 2001;abstract P1-573.

Kimura Y, Okuda H, Okuda T, and et al. Effects of chalcones isolated from licorice roots on leukotriene biosynthesis in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Phytother Res 1988;2(3):140-145.

Thom E and Wollan T. A controlled clinical study of kanjang mixture in the treatment of uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infections. Phytotherapy Research 1997;11:207-210.

Ito A, Hayashi N, Katayama K, and et al. Effect of glycyrrhizin on viral replication and quasispecies in patients with type C chronic hepatitis. Int Hepatol Comm 1997;233-238.

Davis EA, Morris DJ. Medicinal uses of licorice through the millennia: the good and plenty of it. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1991;78(1-2):1-6. View abstract.

Kondo K1, Shiba M, Nakamura R, Morota T, Shoyama Y. Constituent properties of licorices derived from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, G. glabra, or G. inflata identified by genetic information. Biol Pharm Bull. 2007;30(7):1271-7. View abstract.

American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook, Second Edition. Ed. Gardner Z, McGuffin M. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2013.

Yoshino T, Yanagawa T, Watanabe K. Risk factors for pseudoaldosteronism with rhabdomyolysis caused by consumption of drugs containing licorice and differences between incidence of these conditions in Japan and other countries: case report and literature review. J Altern Complement Med. 2014 Jun;20(6):516-20. View abstract.

Nahidi F, Zare E, Mojab F, Alavi-Majd H. Effects of licorice on relief and recurrence of menopausal hot flashes. Iran J Pharm Res 2012;11(2):541-8. View abstract.

Li G, Simmler C, Chen L, et al. Cytochrome P450 inhibition by three licorice species and fourteen licorice constituents. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2017;109:182-190. View abstract.

Li J, Fan X, Wang Q. Hypertensive crisis with 2 target organ impairment induced by glycyrrhizin: a case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018;97(11):e0073. View abstract.

Foster CA, Church KS, Poddar M, Van Uum SH, Spaic T. Licorice-induced hypertension: a case of pseudohyperaldosteronism due to jelly bean ingestion. Postgrad Med 2017;129(3):329-31. View abstract.

Gallacher SD, Tsokolas G, Dimitropoulos I. Liquorice-induced apparent mineralocorticoid excess presenting in the emergency department. Clin Med (Lond) 2017;17(1):43-5. View abstract.

Arentz S, Smith CA, Abbott J, Fahey P, Cheema BS, Bensoussan A. Combined Lifestyle and Herbal Medicine in Overweight Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Randomized Controlled Trial. Phytother Res. 2017 Sep;31(9):1330-1340. View abstract.

Dai DW, Singh I, Hershman JM. Lozenge-induced hypermineralcorticoid state--a unique case of licorice lozenges resulting in hypertension and hypokalemia. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2016;18(2):159-60. View abstract.

O'Connell K, Kinsella J, McMahon C, Holian J, O'Riordan S. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) associated with liquorice consumption. Ir J Med Sci 2016;185(4):945-7. View abstract.

Man SC, Li XB, Wang HH, et al. Peony-glycyrrhiza decoction for antipsychotic-related hyperprolactinemia in women with schizophrenia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2016;36(6):572-9. View abstract.

Yu IC, Tsai YF, Fang JT, Yeh MM, Fang JY, Liu CY. Effects of mouthwash interventions on xerostomia and unstimulated whole saliva flow rate among hemodialysis patients: a randomized controlled study. Int J Nurs Stud 2016;63:9-17. View abstract.

Hajiaghamohammadi AA, Zargar A, Oveisi S, Samimi R, Reisian S. To evaluate of the effect of adding licorice to the standard treatment regimen of Helicobacter pylori. Braz J Infect Dis 2016;20(6):534-8. View abstract.

Hataya Y, Oba A, Yamashita T, Komatsu Y. Hyponatremia in an elderly patient due to isolated hypoaldosteronism occurring after licorice withdrawal. Intern Med 2017;56(2):175-9. View abstract.

Yoon JY, Cha JM, Hong SS, et al. Fermented milk containing Lactobacillus paracasei and Glycyrrhiza glabra has a beneficial effect in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019;98(35):e16601. View abstract.

Kuriyama A, Maeda H. Topical application of licorice for prevention of postoperative sore throat in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Anesth 2019;54:25-32. View abstract.

Ha Y, Wang T, Li J, et al. Herb-Drug Interaction Potential of Licorice Extract and Paclitaxel: A Pharmacokinetic Study in Rats. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2020;45(2):257-264. View abstract.

Kinoshita T, Maruyama K, Yamamoto N, Saito I. The effects of dietary licorice flavonoid oil supplementation on body balance control in healthy middle-aged and older Japanese women undergoing a physical exercise intervention: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2020. View abstract.

Petramfar P, Hajari F, Yousefi G, Azadi S, Hamedi A. Efficacy of oral administration of licorice as an adjunct therapy on improving the symptoms of patients with Parkinson's disease, A randomized double blinded clinical trial. J Ethnopharmacol. 2020;247:112226. View abstract.

Edelman ER, Butala NM, Avery LL, Lundquist AL, Dighe AS. Case 30-2020: A 54-Year-Old Man with Sudden Cardiac Arrest. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(13):1263-1275. View abstract.

Jafari Z, Emtiazy M, Sohrabvand F, et al. The effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. on primary dysmenorrhea compared with ibuprofen: A randomized, triple-blind controlled trial. Iran J Pharm Res. 2019;18(Suppl1):291-301. View abstract.

Wang H, Dong L, Qu F, et al. Effects of glycyrrhizin on the pharmacokinetics of nobiletin in rats and its potential mechanism. Pharm Biol. 2020 Dec;58(1):352-356. View abstract.

Mamgain RK, Gupta M, Mamgain P, et al. The efficacy of an ayurvedic preparation of yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra) on radiation-induced mucositis in head-and-neck cancer patients: A pilot study. J Cancer Res Ther. 2020;16(3):458-462. View abstract.

Attou R, Redant S, Honore PM, Preseau T, Hantson P, De Bels D. Liquorice intoxication can lead to cardiac arrest! Case Rep Emerg Med. 2020;2020:3727682. View abstract.

Akbari N, Asadimehr N, Kiani Z. The effects of licorice containing diphenhydramine solution on recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Complement Ther Med. 2020;50:102401. View abstract.

Kim YR, Nam SH. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial of a Mouthwash Containing Glycyrrhiza uralensis Extract for Preventing Dental Caries. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021;19(1):242. View abstract.

Benge E, Shah P, Yamaguchi L, Josef V. Trick or Treat? Licorice-Induced Hypokalemia: A Case Report. Cureus 2020;12(11):e11656. View abstract.

Chang GH, Lin YS, Hsu KH, et al. Nasal irrigation with Glycyrrhiza glabra extract for treatment of allergic rhinitis - A study of in vitro, in vivo and clinical trial. J Ethnopharmacol 2021;275:114116. View abstract.

Abe K, Higurashi T, Takahashi M, et al. Concomitant Use of High-dose Methotrexate and Glycyrrhizin Affects Pharmacokinetics of Methotrexate, Resulting in Hepatic Toxicity. In Vivo 2021;35(4):2163-2169. View abstract.

Wen Y, Tang Y, Li M, Lai Y. Efficiency and safety of desloratadine in combination with compound glycyrrhizin in the treatment of chronic urticaria: a meta-analysis and systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Pharm Biol 2021;59(1):1276-1285. View abstract.

Pakravan F, Salehabad NH, Karimi F, Isfahani MN. Comparative Study of the Effect of Licorice Muco-adhesive Film on Radiotherapy Induced Oral Mucositis, A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Gulf J Oncolog 2021;1(37):42-47. View abstract.

Awad N, Makar G, Burroughs V, Ravi P, Burroughs SR. Licorice-induced apparent mineralocorticoid excess causing persistent hypertension and hypokalemia. Acta Endocrinol (Buchar) 2020;16(4):508-510. View abstract.

Murck H, Lehr L, Hahn J, Braunisch MC, Jezova D, Zavorotnyy M. Adjunct Therapy With Glycyrrhiza Glabra Rapidly Improves Outcome in Depression-A Pilot Study to Support 11-Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 Inhibition as a New Target. Front Psychiatry 2020;11:605949. View abstract.

Patel P, Aknouk M, Dawson A, et al. How Much Is Too Much? Exploring Pseudohyperaldosteronism in Glycyrrhizic Acid Toxicity From Chronic Licorice Root Consumption. Cureus 2021;13(7):e16454. View abstract.

Fan ZJ, Liu JM, Li XX, et al. Glycyrrhizin-Induced Pseudohyperaldosteronism: A Case Report. Chin J Integr Med 2022. View abstract.

Gatica-Ortega ME, Pastor-Nieto MA. Allergic contact dermatitis to Glycyrrhiza inflata root extract in an anti-acne cosmetic product. Contact Dermatitis 2021;85(4):454-455. View abstract.

Gomaa AA, Mohamed HS, Abd-Ellatief RB, Gomaa MA, Hammam DS. Advancing combination treatment with glycyrrhizin and boswellic acids for hospitalized patients with moderate COVID-19 infection: a randomized clinical trial. Inflammopharmacology 2022;30(2):477-486. View abstract.

Li C, Wang ZB. Clinical application of compound Glycyrrhizin tablets in the treatment of patients with Simplex Henoch-Schonlein Purpura and its effect on immune function. Pak J Med Sci 2022;38(1):271-275. View abstract.

Wang JB, Huang A, Wang Y, et al. Corticosteroid plus glycyrrhizin therapy for chronic drug- or herb-induced liver injury achieves biochemical and histological improvements: a randomised open-label trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022;55(10):1297-1310. View abstract.

Liu HL, Hsu PY, Chung YC, Lin CH, Lin KY. Effective licorice gargle juice for aphthous ulcer pain relief: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Pak J Pharm Sci 2022;35(5):1321-1326. View abstract.

Rostamizadeh P, Asl SMKH, Far ZG, et al. Effects of licorice root supplementation on liver enzymes, hepatic steatosis, metabolic and oxidative stress parameters in women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized double-blind clinical trial. Phytother Res 2022;36(10):3949-3956. View abstract.

Puaratanaarunkon T, Washrawirul C, Chuenboonngarm N, Noppakun N, Asawanonda P, Kumtornrut C. Efficacy and safety of a facial serum containing snail secretion filtrate, Calendula officinalis, and Glycyrrhiza glaba root extract in the treatment of maskne: A randomized placebo-controlled study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022;21(10):4470-4478. View abstract.

Li M, Xiang L, Li Y. Efficacy and safety of compound glycyrrhizin in the patients with vitiligo: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2023;16(6):601-611. View abstract.

Han EJ, Park JS. Lethal Arrhythmia Induced by Licorice. J Korean Med Sci 2023;38(12):e107. View abstract.