Huang KC. The pharmacology of Chinese herbs. 2nd ed. New York, NY: CRC Press LLC. 1999;385-6, 400-1.

Bensky D, Gamble A, Kaptchuk T. Chinese Herbal Medicine Materia Medica. Seattle, WA: Eastland Press 1996:107-8.

Smol'ianinov ES, Gol'dberg VE, Matiash MG, et al. Effect of Scutellaria baicalensis extract on the immunologic status of patients with lung cancer receiving antineoplastic chemotherapy. Eksp Klin Farmakol 1997;60:49-51. View abstract.

Gol'dberg VE, Ryzhakov VM, Matiash MG, et al. Dry extract of Scutellaria baicalensis as a hemostimulant in antineoplastic chemotherapy in patients with lung cancer. Eksp Klin Farmakol 1997;60:28-30. View abstract.

Hui KM, Wang XH, Xue H. Interaction of flavones from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis with the benzodiazepine site. Planta Med 2000;66:91-3. View abstract.

Liao JF, Wang HH, Chen MC, et al. Benzodiazepine binding site-interactive flavones from Scutellaria baicalensis root. Planta Med 1998;64:571-2. View abstract.

Nishioka T, Kawabata J, Aoyama Y. Baicalein, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor from Scutellaria baicalensis. J Nat Prod 1998;61:1413-5. View abstract.

Gao Z, Huang K, Yang X, Xu H. Free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities of flavonoids extracted from the radix of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Biochim Biophys Acta 1999;1472:643-50. View abstract.

Lee BH, Lee SJ, Kang TH, et al. Baicalein: an in vitro antigenotoxic compound from Scutellaria baicalensis. Planta Med 2000;66:70-1. View abstract.

Blaszczyk T, Krzyzanowska J, Lamer-Zarawska E. Screening for antimycotic properties of 56 traditional Chinese drugs. Phytother Res 2000;14:210-2. View abstract.

Takeshita K, Saisho Y, Kitamura K, et al. Pneumonitis induced by ou-gon (scullcap). Intern Med 2001;40:764-8. View abstract.

Kong XT, Fang HT, Jiang GQ, et al. Treatment of acute bronchiolitis with Chinese herbs. Arch Dis Child 1993;68:468-71. View abstract.

Li BQ, Fu T, Gong WH, et al. The flavonoid baicalin exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by binding to chemokines. Immunopharmacology 2000;49:295-306. View abstract.

Chou TC, Chang LP, Li CY, et al. The antiinflammatory and analgesic effects of baicalin in carrageenan-evoked thermal hyperalgesia. Anesth Analg 2003;97:1724-9. View abstract.

Zhang CZ, Wang SX, Zhang Y, et al. In vitro estrogenic activities of Chinese medicinal plants traditionally used for the management of menopausal symptoms. J Ethnopharmacol 2005;98:295-300. View abstract.

Fan L, Zhang W, Guo D, et al. The effect of herbal medicine baicalin on pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin, substrate of organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2007;83:471-6. View abstract.

Chen C, Mireles RJ, Campbell SD, et al. Differential interaction of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors with ABCB1, ABCC2, and OATP1B1. Drug Metab Dispos 2005;33:537-46. View abstract.

Pasanen MK, Fredrikson H, Neuvonen PJ, Niemi M. Different effects of SLCO1B1 polymorphism on the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2007;82:726-33. View abstract.

Konig J, Seithel A, Gradhand U, Fromm MF. Pharmacogenomics of human OATP transporters. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg Arch Pharmacol 2006;372:432-43. View abstract.

Levy RM, Saikovsky R, Shmidt E, et al. Flavocoxid is as effective as naproxen for managing the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis of the knee in humans: a short-term randomized, double-blind pilot study. Nutr Res 2009;29:298-304. View abstract.

Burnett BP, Jia Q, Zhao Y, Levy RM. A medicinal extract of Scutellaria baicalensis and Acacia catechu acts as a dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase to reduce inflammation. J Med Food 2007;10:442-51. View abstract.

Altavilla D, Squadrito F, Bitto A, et al. Flavocoxid, a dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase, blunts pro-inflammatory phenotype activation in endotoxin-stimulated macrophages. Br J Pharmacol 2009;157:1410-18. View abstract.

Morgan SL, Baggott JE, Moreland L, et al. The safety of flavocoxid, a medical food, in the dietary management of knee osteoarthritis. J Med Food 2009;12:1143-8. View abstract.

Chalasani N, Vuppalanchi R, Navarro V, et al. Acute liver injury due to flavocoxid (Limbrel), a medical food for osteoarthritis: a case series. Ann Intern Med 2012;156:857-60. View abstract.

Reichenbach S, Juni P. Medical food and food supplements: not always as safe as generally assumed. Ann Intern Med 2012;156:894-5. View abstract.

PL-Detail Document, Liver Toxicity and Limbrel. Pharmacist's Letter/Prescriber's Letter. September 2012.

Levy RM, Khokhlov A, Kopenkin S, et al. Efficacy and safety of flavocoxid, a novel therapeutic, compared with naproxen: a randomized multicenter controlled trial in subjects with osteoarthritis of the knee. Adv Ther 2010;27:731-42. View abstract.

Zhou J, Qu F, Yu Y, et al. Whether co-administration of garlic has negative influence on Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in treating models rats with pelvic inflammation? Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2008;6(1):103-8. View abstract.

Li, B. Q., Fu, T., Dongyan, Y., Mikovits, J. A., Ruscetti, F. W., and Wang, J. M. Flavonoid baicalin inhibits HIV-1 infection at the level of viral entry. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 9-24-2000;276(2):534-538. View abstract.

Chan, F. L., Choi, H. L., Chen, Z. Y., Chan, P. S., and Huang, Y. Induction of apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines by a flavonoid, baicalin. Cancer Lett. 11-28-2000;160(2):219-228. View abstract.

Porterfield, H. UsToo PC-SPES surveys: review of studies and update of previous survey results. Mol Urol. 2000;4(3):289-291. View abstract.

Lam, T. L., Lam, M. L., Au, T. K., Ip, D. T., Ng, T. B., Fong, W. P., and Wan, D. C. A comparison of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 protease inhibition activities by the aqueous and methanol extracts of Chinese medicinal herbs. Life Sci 10-27-2000;67(23):2889-2896. View abstract.

Huang, R. L., Chen, C. C., Huang, H. L., Chang, C. G., Chen, C. F., Chang, C., and Hsieh, M. T. Anti-hepatitis B virus effects of wogonin isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis. Planta Med 2000;66(8):694-698. View abstract.

Krakauer, T., Li, B. Q., and Young, H. A. The flavonoid baicalin inhibits superantigen-induced inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. FEBS Lett. 6-29-2001;500(1-2):52-55. View abstract.

Kim, B. R., Kim, D. H., Park, R., Kwon, K. B., Ryu, D. G., Kim, Y. C., Kim, N. Y., Jeong, S., Kang, B. K., and Kim, K. S. Effect of an extract of the root of Scutellaria baicalensis and its flavonoids on aflatoxin B1 oxidizing cytochrome P450 enzymes. Planta Med 2001;67(5):396-399. View abstract.

Chang, Y. L., Shen, J. J., Wung, B. S., Cheng, J. J., and Wang, D. L. Chinese herbal remedy wogonin inhibits monocyte chemotactic protein-1 gene expression in human endothelial cells. Mol Pharmacol 2001;60(3):507-513. View abstract.

Chang, W. H., Chen, C. H., and Lu, F. J. Different effects of baicalein, baicalin and wogonin on mitochondrial function, glutathione content and cell cycle progression in human hepatoma cell lines. Planta Med 2002;68(2):128-132. View abstract.

Ye, F., Xui, L., Yi, J., Zhang, W., and Zhang, D. Y. Anticancer activity of Scutellaria baicalensis and its potential mechanism. J Altern Complement Med 2002;8(5):567-572. View abstract.

Lai, M. Y., Hsiu, S. L., Chen, C. C., Hou, Y. C., and Chao, P. D. Urinary pharmacokinetics of baicalein, wogonin and their glycosides after oral administration of Scutellariae Radix in humans. Biol Pharm Bull 2003;26(1):79-83. View abstract.

Che, Q. M., Huang, X. L., Li, Y. M., Kun, Z., Teruaki, A., and Masao, H. [Studies on metabolites of baicalin in human urine]. Zhongguo Zhong.Yao Za Zhi 2001;26(11):768-769. View abstract.

Bochorakova, H., Paulova, H., Slanina, J., Musil, P., and Taborska, E. Main flavonoids in the root of Scutellaria baicalensis cultivated in Europe and their comparative antiradical properties. Phytother.Res 2003;17(6):640-644. View abstract.

Liu, J. J., Huang, T. S., Cheng, W. F., and Lu, F. J. Baicalein and baicalin are potent inhibitors of angiogenesis: Inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. Int J Cancer 9-10-2003;106(4):559-565. View abstract.

Zhang, D. Y., Wu, J., Ye, F., Xue, L., Jiang, S., Yi, J., Zhang, W., Wei, H., Sung, M., Wang, W., and Li, X. Inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and prostaglandin E2 synthesis by Scutellaria baicalensis. Cancer Res 7-15-2003;63(14):4037-4043. View abstract.

Regulska-Ilow, B., Biernat, J., Grajeta, H., Ilow, R., and Drzewicka, M. Influence of bioflavonoids from the radix extract of Scutellaria baicalensis on the level of serum lipids, and the development of laboratory rats fed with fresh and oxidized fats. Nahrung 2004;48(2):123-128. View abstract.

Ye, F., Wu, J., Dunn, T., Yi, J., Tong, X., and Zhang, D. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 activity in head and neck cancer cells by genistein. Cancer Lett. 7-28-2004;211(1):39-46. View abstract.

Ciesielska, E., Wolszczak, M., Gulanowski, B., Szulawska, A., Kochman, A., and Metodiewa, D. In vitro antileukemic, antioxidant and prooxidant activities of Antoksyd S (C/E/XXI): a comparison with baicalin and baicalein. In Vivo 2004;18(4):497-503. View abstract.

Wang, J., Yu, Y., Hashimoto, F., Sakata, Y., Fujii, M., and Hou, D. X. Baicalein induces apoptosis through ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction pathway in HL-60 cells. Int J Mol Med 2004;14(4):627-632. View abstract.

Kaplya, O. A., Sherstoboev, E. Y., Zueva, E. P., Razina, T. G., Amosova, E. N., and Krylova, S. G. Effect of baikal skullcap extract administered alone or in combination with cyclophosphamide on natural cytotoxicity system in mice with Lewis lung carcinoma. Bull Exp Biol Med 2004;137(5):471-474. View abstract.

Lee, Y., Yeo, H., Liu, S. H., Jiang, Z., Savizky, R. M., Austin, D. J., and Cheng, Y. C. Increased anti-P-glycoprotein activity of baicalein by alkylation on the A ring. J Med Chem 10-21-2004;47(22):5555-5566. View abstract.

Huang, Y., Tsang, S. Y., Yao, X., and Chen, Z. Y. Biological properties of baicalein in cardiovascular system. Curr Drug Targets.Cardiovasc.Haematol.Disord 2005;5(2):177-184. View abstract.

Bonham, M., Posakony, J., Coleman, I., Montgomery, B., Simon, J., and Nelson, P. S. Characterization of chemical constituents in Scutellaria baicalensis with antiandrogenic and growth-inhibitory activities toward prostate carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 5-15-2005;11(10):3905-3914. View abstract.

Chen, C. S., Chen, N. J., Lin, L. W., Hsieh, C. C., Chen, G. W., and Hsieh, M. T. Effects of Scutellariae Radix on gene expression in HEK 293 cells using cDNA microarray. J Ethnopharmacol. 5-24-2006;105(3):346-351. View abstract.

Himeji, M., Ohtsuki, T., Fukazawa, H., Tanaka, M., Yazaki, S., Ui, S., Nishio, K., Yamamoto, H., Tasaka, K., and Mimura, A. Difference of growth-inhibitory effect of Scutellaria baicalensis-producing flavonoid wogonin among human cancer cells and normal diploid cell. Cancer Lett. 1-8-2007;245(1-2):269-274. View abstract.

Shieh, D. E., Cheng, H. Y., Yen, M. H., Chiang, L. C., and Lin, C. C. Baicalin-induced apoptosis is mediated by Bcl-2-dependent, but not p53-dependent, pathway in human leukemia cell lines. Am J Chin Med 2006;34(2):245-261. View abstract.

Scheck, A. C., Perry, K., Hank, N. C., and Clark, W. D. Anticancer activity of extracts derived from the mature roots of Scutellaria baicalensis on human malignant brain tumor cells. BMC.Complement Altern Med 2006;6:27. View abstract.

Kumagai, T., Muller, C. I., Desmond, J. C., Imai, Y., Heber, D., and Koeffler, H. P. Scutellaria baicalensis, a herbal medicine: anti-proliferative and apoptotic activity against acute lymphocytic leukemia, lymphoma and myeloma cell lines. Leuk.Res 2007;31(4):523-530. View abstract.

Leung, H. W., Yang, W. H., Lai, M. Y., Lin, C. J., and Lee, H. Z. Inhibition of 12-lipoxygenase during baicalein-induced human lung nonsmall carcinoma H460 cell apoptosis. Food Chem Toxicol. 2007;45(3):403-411. View abstract.

Lee, E., Enomoto, R., Suzuki, C., Ohno, M., Ohashi, T., Miyauchi, A., Tanimoto, E., Maeda, K., Hirano, H., Yokoi, T., and Sugahara, C. Wogonin, a plant flavone, potentiates etoposide-induced apoptosis in cancer cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007;1095:521-526. View abstract.

Baumann, S., Fas, S. C., Giaisi, M., Muller, W. W., Merling, A., Gulow, K., Edler, L., Krammer, P. H., and Li-Weber, M. Wogonin preferentially kills malignant lymphocytes and suppresses T-cell tumor growth by inducing PLCgamma1- and Ca2+-dependent apoptosis. Blood 2-15-2008;111(4):2354-2363. View abstract.

Waisundara, V. Y., Hsu, A., Huang, D., and Tan, B. K. Scutellaria baicalensis enhances the anti-diabetic activity of metformin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Am J Chin Med 2008;36(3):517-540. View abstract.

Tarrago, T., Kichik, N., Claasen, B., Prades, R., Teixido, M., and Giralt, E. Baicalin, a prodrug able to reach the CNS, is a prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor. Bioorg.Med Chem 8-1-2008;16(15):7516-7524. View abstract.

You, C. L., Su, P. Q., and Zhou, X. X. [Study on effect and mechanism of scutellaria baicalensis stem-leaf total flavonoid in regulating lipid metabolism]. Zhongguo Zhong.Yao Za Zhi 2008;33(9):1064-1066. View abstract.

Shang, Y. Z., Qin, B. W., Cheng, J. J., and Miao, H. Effect of Scutellaria flavonoids on KCN-induced damages in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. Indian J Med Res 2008;127(6):610-615. View abstract.

Blach-Olszewska, Z., Jatczak, B., Rak, A., Lorenc, M., Gulanowski, B., Drobna, A., and Lamer-Zarawska, E. Production of cytokines and stimulation of resistance to viral infection in human leukocytes by Scutellaria baicalensis flavones. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2008;28(9):571-581. View abstract.

Jianjun, J. and Huiru, D. Preparation of high-purity baicalein from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Nat Prod Res 2008;22(16):1410-1412. View abstract.

Li, H. N., Nie, F. F., Liu, W., Dai, Q. S., Lu, N., Qi, Q., Li, Z. Y., You, Q. D., and Guo, Q. L. Apoptosis induction of oroxylin A in human cervical cancer HeLa cell line in vitro and in vivo. Toxicology 3-4-2009;257(1-2):80-85. View abstract.

Shih, H. C., Hsu, C. S., and Yang, L. L. In vitro study of the tocolytic effect of oroxylin A from Scutellaria baicalensis root. J Biomed.Sci 2009;16:27. View abstract.

Mu, X., He, G., Cheng, Y., Li, X., Xu, B., and Du, G. Baicalein exerts neuroprotective effects in 6-hydroxydopamine-induced experimental parkinsonism in vivo and in vitro. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2009;92(4):642-648. View abstract.

Chen, Y., Lu, N., Ling, Y., Gao, Y., Wang, L., Sun, Y., Qi, Q., Feng, F., Liu, W., Liu, W., You, Q., and Guo, Q. Wogonoside inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo via toll-like receptor 4 signal transduction. Toxicology 5-2-2009;259(1-2):10-17. View abstract.

Liu, W., Mu, R., Nie, F. F., Yang, Y., Wang, J., Dai, Q. S., Lu, N., Qi, Q., Rong, J. J., Hu, R., Wang, X. T., You, Q. D., and Guo, Q. L. MAC-related mitochondrial pathway in oroxylin-A-induced apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Cancer Lett. 11-1-2009;284(2):198-207. View abstract.

Huang, S. T., Wang, C. Y., Yang, R. C., Chu, C. J., Wu, H. T., and Pang, J. H. Wogonin, an active compound in Scutellaria baicalensis, induces apoptosis and reduces telomerase activity in the HL-60 leukemia cells. Phytomedicine. 2010;17(1):47-54. View abstract.

Yoon, S. B., Lee, Y. J., Park, S. K., Kim, H. C., Bae, H., Kim, H. M., Ko, S. G., Choi, H. Y., Oh, M. S., and Park, W. Anti-inflammatory effects of Scutellaria baicalensis water extract on LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. J Ethnopharmacol. 9-7-2009;125(2):286-290. View abstract.

Hong, T., Jeong, M. L., Zahn, M., Fay, B. A., Lee, K., Hwangbo, H., Park, E., Kim, M., and Ma, W. Detection of the potential adulterant Teucrium chamaedrys in Scutellaria baicalensis raw material and extract by high-performance thin-layer chromatography. J AOAC Int 2009;92(3):785-788. View abstract.

Kim, E. H., Shim, B., Kang, S., Jeong, G., Lee, J. S., Yu, Y. B., and Chun, M. Anti-inflammatory effects of Scutellaria baicalensis extract via suppression of immune modulators and MAP kinase signaling molecules. J Ethnopharmacol. 11-12-2009;126(2):320-331. View abstract.

Go, W. J., Ryu, J. H., Qiang, F., and Han, H. K. Evaluation of the flavonoid oroxylin A as an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein-mediated cellular efflux. J Nat Prod 2009;72(9):1616-1619. View abstract.

Liu, S., Ma, Z., Cai, H., Li, Q., Rong, W., and Kawano, M. Inhibitory effect of baicalein on IL-6-mediated signaling cascades in human myeloma cells. Eur J Haematol. 2-1-2010;84(2):137-144. View abstract.

Yang, X., Huang, S., Chen, J., Song, N., Wang, L., Zhang, Z., Deng, G., Zheng, H., Zhu, X. Q., and Lu, F. Evaluation of the adjuvant properties of Astragalus membranaceus and Scutellaria baicalensis GEORGI in the immune protection induced by UV-attenuated Toxoplasma gondii in mouse models. Vaccine 1-8-2010;28(3):737-743. View abstract.

Guo, H. X., Liu, D. H., Ma, Y., Liu, J. F., Wang, Y., Du, Z. Y., Wang, X., Shen, J. K., and Peng, H. L. Long-term baicalin administration ameliorates metabolic disorders and hepatic steatosis in rats given a high-fat diet. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2009;30(11):1505-1512. View abstract.

Kim, D. S., Son, E. J., Kim, M., Heo, Y. M., Nam, J. B., Ro, J. Y., and Woo, S. S. Antiallergic herbal composition from Scutellaria baicalensis and Phyllostachys edulis. Planta Med 2010;76(7):678-682. View abstract.

You, J., Gao, S., Jin, H., Li, W., Zhang, H., and Yu, A. On-line continuous flow ultrasonic extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatographic separation for determination of the flavonoids from root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. J Chromatogr.A 3-19-2010;1217(12):1875-1881. View abstract.

Xu, X. F., Cai, B. L., Guan, S. M., Li, Y., Wu, J. Z., Wang, Y., and Liu, B. Baicalin induces human mucoepidermoid carcinoma Mc3 cells apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Invest New Drugs 2011;29(4):637-645. View abstract.

Rosenbaum, C. C., O'Mathuna, D. P., Chavez, M., and Shields, K. Antioxidants and antiinflammatory dietary supplements for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Altern.Ther.Health Med. 2010;16(2):32-40. View abstract.

Jiang, R. H., Su, W. C., Liu, H. F., Huang, H. S., and Chao, J. I. Opposite expression of securin and gamma-H2AX regulates baicalein-induced cancer cell death. J Cell Biochem 10-1-2010;111(2):274-283. View abstract.

Lixuan, Z., Jingcheng, D., Wenqin, Y., Jianhua, H., Baojun, L., and Xiaotao, F. Baicalin attenuates inflammation by inhibiting NF-kappaB activation in cigarette smoke induced inflammatory models. Pulm.Pharmacol Ther 2010;23(5):411-419. View abstract.

Linnebur, S. A., Rapacchietta, O. C., and Vejar, M. Hepatotoxicity associated with chinese skullcap contained in Move Free Advanced dietary supplement: two case reports and review of the literature. Pharmacotherapy 2010;30(7):750, 258e-750, 262e. View abstract.

Enomoto, R., Koshiba, C., Suzuki, C., and Lee, E. Wogonin potentiates the antitumor action of etoposide and ameliorates its adverse effects. Cancer Chemother.Pharmacol 2011;67(5):1063-1072. View abstract.

Hou, Y. C., Lin, S. P., Tsai, S. Y., Ko, M. H., Chang, Y. C., and Chao, P. D. Flavonoid pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution after repeated dosing of the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis in rats. Planta Med 2011;77(5):455-460. View abstract.

Gasiorowski, K., Lamer-Zarawska, E., Leszek, J., Parvathaneni, K., Yendluri, B. B., Blach-Olszewska, Z., and Aliev, G. Flavones from root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi: drugs of the future in neurodegeneration? CNS.Neurol.Disord Drug Targets. 2011;10(2):184-191. View abstract.

Lin, A. M., Ping, Y. H., Chang, G. F., Wang, J. Y., Chiu, J. H., Kuo, C. D., and Chi, C. W. Neuroprotective effect of oral S/B remedy (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Bupleurum scorzonerifolfium Willd) on iron-induced neurodegeneration in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system of rat brain. J Ethnopharmacol. 4-12-2011;134(3):884-891. View abstract.

Chang, H. H., Yi, P. L., Cheng, C. H., Lu, C. Y., Hsiao, Y. T., Tsai, Y. F., Li, C. L., and Chang, F. C. Biphasic effects of baicalin, an active constituent of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, in the spontaneous sleep-wake regulation. J Ethnopharmacol. 5-17-2011;135(2):359-368. View abstract.

Gao, J., Morgan, W. A., Sanchez-Medina, A., and Corcoran, O. The ethanol extract of Scutellaria baicalensis and the active compounds induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis including upregulation of p53 and Bax in human lung cancer cells. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol 8-1-2011;254(3):221-228. View abstract.

Li, T., Li, N., Guo, Q., Ji, H., Zhao, D., Xie, S., Li, X., Qiu, Z., Han, D., Chen, X., and You, Q. Inhibitory effects of wogonin on catalytic activity of cytochrome P450 enzyme in human liver microsomes. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 6-29-2011; View abstract.

Zhou, J., Qu, F., Zhang, H. J., Zhuge, X. H., and Cheng, L. Z. Comparison of anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of Curcuma wenyujin Y.H. Chen et C. Ling and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Afr J Tradit.Complement Altern Med 2010;7(4):339-349. View abstract.

Udintsev, S. N., Razina, T. G., and Iaremenko, K. V. [The antitumor effect of Baikal skullcap]. Vopr.Onkol. 1990;36(5):602-607. View abstract.

Razina, T. G., Udintsev, S. N., Tiutrin, I. I., Borovskaia, T. G., and Iaremenko, K. V. [The role of thrombocyte aggregation function in the mechanism of the antimetastatic action of an extract of Baikal skullcap]. Vopr.Onkol. 1989;35(3):331-335. View abstract.

Li, B. Q., Fu, T., Yan, Y. D., Baylor, N. W., Ruscetti, F. W., and Kung, H. F. Inhibition of HIV infection by baicalin--a flavonoid compound purified from Chinese herbal medicine. Cell Mol Biol Res 1993;39(2):119-124. View abstract.

Homma, M., Oka, K., Taniguchi, C., Niitsuma, T., and Hayashi, T. Systematic analysis of post-administrative saiboku-to urine by liquid chromatography to determine pharmacokinetics of traditional Chinese medicine. Biomed.Chromatogr. 1997;11(3):125-131. View abstract.

Kimura, Y., Matsushita, N., and Okuda, H. Effects of baicalein isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis on interleukin 1 beta- and tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced adhesion molecule expression in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J Ethnopharmacol. 1997;57(1):63-67. View abstract.

Razina, T. G., Zueva, E. P., Litvinenko, V. I., and Kovalev, I. P. [A semisynthetic flavonoid from the Baikal skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis) as an agent to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy in experimental tumors]. Eksp.Klin Farmakol. 1998;61(2):54-56. View abstract.

Yuan Y., Liu Y.J, Luo Y.J, and et al. High temperature effects on flavones accumulation and antioxidant system in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi cells. African Journal of Biotechnology 2011;10(26):5182-5192.

Wang R.T, Zhang J.X, and Dong Y.J. Protective effect of scutellaria baicalensis stem-leaf total flavonoid against hippocampus neurodamage induced by injection Aß25-35. Chinese Journal of Gerontology 2010;30(7):926-928.

Zhang H and Huang J. Preliminary study of traditional Chinese medicine treatment of minimal brain dysfunction: analysis of 100 cases. Chinese journal of modern developments in traditional medicine 1990;10(5):278-9.

Zhang S, Cheng Z, Huang B, and Li J. The effect of he jie decoction on the TCRV beta 7 of chronic hepatitis B patients. Journal of Chinese medicinal materials 2002;25(6):451-453.

Orzechowska B, Chaber R, Wisniewska A, et al. Baicalin from the extract of Scutellaria baicalensis affects the innate immunity and apoptosis in leukocytes of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Int Immunopharmacol 2014;23(2):558-67. View abstract.

Wu X, Zhang H, Salmani JM, et al. Advances of wogonin, an extract from Scutellaria baicalensis, for the treatment of multiple tumors. Onco Targets Ther 2016;9:2935-43. View abstract.

Arjmandi BH, Ormsbee LT, Elam ML, et al. A combination of Scutellaria baicalensis and Acacia catechu for short-term symptomatic relief of joint discomfort associated with osteoarthritis of the knee. J Med Food 2014;17(6):707-13. View abstract.

Ye F, Wang H, Jiang S, et al. Quality evaluation of commercial extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis. Nutr Cancer 2004;49(2):217-22. View abstract.

PC-SPES (PDQ) - Health Professional Version. NIH National Cancer Institute. Available at: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/hp/pc-spes-pdq. Accessed Sept 30, 2016.

Lin H, Zhou J, Lin K, et al. Efficacy of Scutellaria baicalensis for the treatment of hand, foot, and mouth disease associated with encephalitis in patients infected with EV71: a multicenter, retrospective analysis. Biomed Res Int 2016;2016:5697571. View abstract.

Papafragkakis C, Ona MA, Reddy M, Anand S. Acute hepatitis after ingestion of a preparation of Chinese skullcap and black catechu for joint pain. Case Reports Heptal 2016;2016:4356749. View abstract.

Kim M, Lee BC. Therapeutic effect of Scutellaria baicalensis on L-thyroxine-induced hyperthyroidism rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019;2019:3239649. View abstract.

Braude MR, Bassily R. Drug-induced liver injury secondary to Scutellaria baicalensis (Chinese skullcap). Intern Med J. 2019;49(4):544-546. View abstract.

Shin NR, Gu N, Choi HS, Kim H. Combined effects of Scutellaria baicalensis with metformin on glucose tolerance of patients with type 2 diabetes via gut microbiota modulation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2020;318(1):E52-E61. View abstract.

Puri BK, White N, Monro JA. The effect of supplementation with Scutellaria baicalensis on hepatic function. Med Hypotheses. 2019;133:109402. View abstract.

Jin BR, Chung KS, Kim HJ, An HJ. Chinese skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi) inhibits inflammation and proliferation on benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2019;235:481-488. View abstract.

Li WJ, Bao J, Zheng DC, et al. Treatments of Peyronie's disease with Scutellaria baicalensis and surgery according to the disease course: a single-center retrospective study of 261 patients. Ann Palliat Med. 2021 Mar;10(3):2979-2989. View abstract.

Dong R, Li L, Gao H, et al. Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and food effect of baicalein tablets in healthy Chinese subjects: A single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-dose phase I study. J Ethnopharmacol. 2021 Jun 28;274:114052. View abstract.

Adam T, Bursztejn AC, Schmutz JL. Facial eczema from a sunscreen: Scutellaria baicalensis, a novel allergen beginning to attract attention. Contact Dermatitis. 2020 Apr;82(4):253-254. View abstract.

Luna-Bastante L, Gatica-Ortega ME, Pastor-Nieto MA, et al. Allergic contact dermatitis to Tinosorb S, Scutellaria baicalensis, and other emerging allergens in cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis. 2020 May;82(5):307-309. View abstract.

US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). FDA Alerts Consumers About Potentially Life-Threatening Health Problems Linked to Limbrel. December 19, 2017. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/food/alerts-advisories-safety-information/fda-alerts-consumers-about-potentially-life-threatening-health-problems-linked-limbrel. Accessed on September 1, 2021.

Li L, Gao H, Lou K, et al. Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of oral baicalein tablets in healthy Chinese subjects: A single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multiple-ascending-dose study. Clin Transl Sci 2021;14(5):2017-2024. View abstract.

Badaoui A. Allergic contact dermatitis to resveratrol and Scutellaria baicalensis root extract in a cosmetic product. Contact Dermatitis 2022. View abstract.

Lewis ED, Crowley DC, Guthrie N, Evans M. Role of Acacia catechu and Scutellaria baicalensis in Enhancing Immune Function Following Influenza Vaccination of Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. J Am Nutr Assoc 2022. View abstract.

Nogami T, Arai M. Incidence of Herb-induced Liver Injury Caused by Kampo Formulae Containing Scutellariae Radix. Tokai J Exp Clin Med 2022;47(3):94-98. View abstract.