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Lecithin
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5149
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14814
Spilburg CA, Goldberg AC, McGill JB, et al. Fat-free foods supplemented with soy stanol-lecithin powder reduce cholesterol absorption and LDL cholesterol. J Am Diet Assoc 2003;103:577-81. View abstract.
14816
Buchman AL, Awal M, Jenden D, et al. The effect of lecithin supplementation on plasma choline concentrations during a marathon. J Am Coll Nutr 2000;19:768-70. View abstract.
14817
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14820
Evans M, Njike VY, Hoxley M, et al. Effect of soy isoflavone protein and soy lecithin on endothelial function in healthy postmenopausal women. Menopause 2007;14:141-9. View abstract.
14821
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14822
Gelenberg AJ, Dorer DJ, Wojcik JD, et al. A crossover study of lecithin treatment of tardive dyskinesia. J Clin Psychiatry 1990;51:149-53. View abstract.
14823
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14824
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14825
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14826
Growdon JH, Corkin S, Huff FJ, et al. Piracetam combined with lecithin in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 1986;7:269-76. View abstract.
14836
Kapen S, Fleming PD, Drachman DA. Cholinergic enhancement and REM sleep latency in the aged: lecithin does not reproduce physostigmine effect. Neurology 1986;36:1079-83. View abstract.
14837
Jenike MA, Albert MS, Heller H, et al. Combination therapy with lecithin and ergoloid mesylates for Alzheimer's disease. J Clin Psychiatry 1986;47:249-51. View abstract.
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14839
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19204
Drachman DA, Glosser G, Fleming P, et al. Memory decline in the aged: treatment with lecithin and physostigmine. Neurology 1982;32:944-50. View abstract.
19205
Levin HS, Peters BH, Kalisky Z, et al. Effects of oral physostigmine and lecithin on memory and attention in closed head-injured patients. Cent.Nerv.Syst.Trauma 1986;3:333-42. View abstract.
19208
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19211
Melancon SB, Vanasse M, Geoffroy G, et al. Oral lecithin and linoleic acid in Friedreich's ataxia: II. Clinical results. Can.J Neurol.Sci 1982;9:155-64. View abstract.
19212
Tweedy JR and Garcia CA. Lecithin treatment of cognitively impaired Parkinson's patients. Eur J Clin Invest 1982;12:87-90. View abstract.
19214
Hellhammer J, Fries E, Buss C, et al. Effects of soy lecithin phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylserine complex (PAS) on the endocrine and psychological responses to mental stress. Stress. 2004;7:119-26. View abstract.
19216
Conte A, Ronca G, Petrini M, et al. Effect of lecithin on epicutaneous absorption of diclofenac epolamine. Drugs Exp Clin Res 2002;28:249-55. View abstract.
19217
Fioravanti A, Cicero MR, Nerucci F, et al. Double-blind controlled clinical study of the efficacy and tolerability of diclofenac-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-pyrrolidine lecithin gel compared with diclofenac-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-pyrrolidine gel in patients with peri and extraarticular inflammatory diseases. Drugs Exp Clin Res 1999;25:235-40. View abstract.
19218
Mahler P, Mahler F, Duruz H, et al. Double-blind, randomized, controlled study on the efficacy and safety of a novel diclofenac epolamine gel formulated with lecithin for the treatment of sprains, strains and contusions. Drugs Exp Clin Res 2003;29:45-52. View abstract.
19220
Gremaud G, Dalan E, Piguet C, et al. Effects of non-esterified stanols in a liquid emulsion on cholesterol absorption and synthesis in hypercholesterolemic men. Eur J Nutr 2002;41:54-60. View abstract.
42247
Barbeau, A. Emerging treatments: replacement therapy with choline or lecithin in neurological diseases. Can.J.Neurol.Sci. 1978;5(1):157-160. View abstract.
42274
Branconnier, R. J., Dessain, E. C., Cole, J. O., and McNiff-Langille, M. E. An analysis of dose-response of plasma choline to oral lecithin. Biol.Psychiatry 1984;19(5):765-770. View abstract.
42277
Wurtman, R. J., Hirsch, M. J., and Growdon, J. H. Lecithin consumption raises serum-free-choline levels. Lancet 7-9-1977;2(8028):68-69. View abstract.
42278
Chuaqui, P. and Levy, R. Fluctuations of free choline levels in plasma of Alzheimer patients receiving lecithin: preliminary observations. Br.J.Psychiatry 1982;140:464-469. View abstract.
42296
von Allworden, H. N., Horn, S., Kahl, J., and Feldheim, W. The influence of lecithin on plasma choline concentrations in triathletes and adolescent runners during exercise. Eur.J.Appl.Physiol Occup.Physiol 1993;67(1):87-91. View abstract.
42299
Stoll, A. L., Sachs, G. S., Cohen, B. M., Lafer, B., Christensen, J. D., and Renshaw, P. F. Choline in the treatment of rapid-cycling bipolar disorder: clinical and neurochemical findings in lithium-treated patients. Biol.Psychiatry 9-1-1996;40(5):382-388. View abstract.
58176
Benton, D. and Donohoe, R. T. The influence on cognition of the interactions between lecithin, carnitine and carbohydrate. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2004;175(1):84-91. View abstract.
59254
Zhang, A. Q., Mitchell, S. C., and Smith, R. L. Dietary precursors of trimethylamine in man: a pilot study. Food Chem.Toxicol. 1999;37(5):515-520. View abstract.
59258
Barbeau, A. Lecithin in neurologic disorders. N.Engl.J Med 7-27-1978;299(4):200-201. View abstract.
59261
Volz, H. P., Hehnke, U., and Hauke, W. [Improvement in quality of life in the elderly. Results of a placebo-controlled study on the efficacy and tolerability of lecithin fluid in patients with impaired cognitive functions]. MMW Fortschr Med 12-9-2004;146(Suppl 3-4):99-106. View abstract.
59263
Uney, J. B., Jones, G. M., Rebeiro, A., and Levy, R. The effect of long-term high dose lecithin on erythrocyte choline transport in Alzheimer patients. Biol.Psychiatry 3-15-1992;31(6):630-633. View abstract.
59264
Crapper McLachlan, D. R., Dalton, A. J., Kruck, T. P., Bell, M. Y., Smith, W. L., Kalow, W., and Andrews, D. F. Intramuscular desferrioxamine in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Lancet 6-1-1991;337(8753):1304-1308. View abstract.
59266
Perryman, K. M. and Fitten, L. J. Quantitative EEG during a double-blind trial of THA and lecithin in patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 1991;4(3):127-133. View abstract.
59268
Tudorache, B., Lupulescu, R., Dutan, I., and Sarbulescu, A. Assessment of various psychopharmacological combinations in the treatment of presenile and senile primary degenerative dementia. Rom.J Neurol.Psychiatry 1990;28(4):277-294. View abstract.
59269
Gauthier, S., Bouchard, R., Lamontagne, A., Bailey, P., Bergman, H., Ratner, J., Tesfaye, Y., Saint-Martin, M., Bacher, Y., Carrier, L., and . Tetrahydroaminoacridine-lecithin combination treatment in patients with intermediate-stage Alzheimer's disease. Results of a Canadian double-blind, crossover, multicenter study. N Engl.J Med 5-3-1990;322(18):1272-1276. View abstract.
59270
Lieber, C. S., DeCarli, L. M., Mak, K. M., Kim, C. I., and Leo, M. A. Attenuation of alcohol-induced hepatic fibrosis by polyunsaturated lecithin. Hepatology 1990;12(6):1390-1398. View abstract.
59273
Vida, S., Gauthier, L., and Gauthier, S. Canadian collaborative study of tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA) and lecithin treatment of Alzheimer's disease: effect on mood. Can.J Psychiatry 1989;34(3):165-170. View abstract.
59274
Gauthier, S., Bouchard, R., Bacher, Y., Bailey, P., Bergman, H., Carrier, L., Charbonneau, R., Clarfield, M., Collier, B., Dastoor, D., and . Progress report on the Canadian Multicentre Trial of tetrahydroaminoacridine with lecithin in Alzheimer's disease. Can.J Neurol.Sci 1989;16(4 Suppl):543-546. View abstract.
59276
Sorgatz, H. [Effect of lecithin on health status and concentration. Placebo-controlled double-blind study in healthy probands]. Fortschr Med 4-10-1988;106(11):233-236. View abstract.
59277
Bellelli, A., Giomini, M., Giuliani, A. M., Giustini, M., Lorenzon, I., Rusconi, V., Sezzi, M. L., Trotta, E., and Belleli, L. Antitumor effect and cardiotoxicity of a doxorubicin-lecithin association. Anticancer Res 1988;8(1):177-186. View abstract.
59278
Kushnir, S. L., Ratner, J. T., and Gregoire, P. A. Multiple nutrients in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. J Am Geriatr.Soc 1987;35(5):476-477. View abstract.
59280
Duffy, F. H., McAnulty, G., Albert, M., Durwen, H., and Weintraub, S. Lecithin: absence of neurophysiologic effect in Alzheimer's disease by EEG topography. Neurology 1987;37(6):1015-1019. View abstract.
59281
Gelenberg, A. J., Doller-Wojcik, J. C., and Growdon, J. H. Choline and lecithin in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia: preliminary results from a pilot study. Am J Psychiatry 1979;136(6):772-776. View abstract.
59282
Davidson, M., Mohs, R. C., Hollander, E., Zemishlany, Z., Powchik, P., Ryan, T., and Davis, K. L. Lecithin and piracetam in Alzheimer's disease. Biol.Psychiatry 1987;22(1):112-114. View abstract.
59283
Thal, L. J., Masur, D. M., Sharpless, N. S., Fuld, P. A., and Davies, P. Acute and chronic effects of oral physostigmine and lecithin in Alzheimer's disease. Prog.Neuropsychopharmacol.Biol.Psychiatry 1986;10(3-5):627-636. View abstract.
59284
Sannita, W. G., Balestra, V., Rosadini, G., Salama, M., and Timitilli, C. Quantitative EEG and neuropsychological effects of piracetam and of the association piracetam-lecithin in healthy volunteers. Neuropsychobiology 1985;14(4):203-209. View abstract.
59286
Jackson, I. V., Nuttall, E. A., Ibe, I. O., and Perez-Cruet, J. Treatment of tardive dyskinesia with lecithin. Am J Psychiatry 1979;136(11):1458-1460. View abstract.
59287
Peters, B. H. and Levin, H. S. Effects of physostigmine and lecithin on memory in Alzheimer disease. Ann Neurol. 1979;6(3):219-221. View abstract.
59289
Perez-Cruet, J., Menendez, I., Alvarez-Ghersi, J., Falcon, J. R., Valderrabano, O., Castro-Urrutia, E. C., Ifarraguerri, C., and Perez, L. L. Double-blind study of lecithin in the treatment of persistent tardive dyskinesia. Bol.Asoc.Med P.R. 1981;73(11):531-537. View abstract.
59291
Levy, R., Little, A., Chuaqui, P., and Reith, M. Early results from double-blind, placebo controlled trial of high dose phosphatidylcholine in Alzheimer's disease. Lancet 4-30-1983;1(8331):987-988. View abstract.
59292
Halliday, H. L., McClure, G., Reid, M. M., Lappin, T. R., Meban, C., and Thomas, P. S. Controlled trial of artificial surfactant to prevent respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet 3-3-1984;1(8375):476-478. View abstract.
59293
Thal, L. J., Fuld, P. A., Masur, D. M., and Sharpless, N. S. Oral physostigmine and lecithin improve memory in Alzheimer disease. Ann Neurol. 1983;13(5):491-496. View abstract.
59294
Weintraub, S., Mesulan, M. M., Auty, R., Baratz, R., Cholakos, B. N., Kapust, L., Ransil, B., Tellers, J. G., Albert, M. S., LoCastro, S., and Moss, M. Lecithin in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Arch Neurol. 1983;40(8):527-528. View abstract.
59295
Smith, R. C., Vroulis, G., Johnson, R., and Morgan, R. Comparison of therapeutic response to long-term treatment with lecithin versus piracetam plus lecithin in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Psychopharmacol.Bull. 1984;20(3):542-545. View abstract.
59296
Growdon, J. H., Wheeler, S., and Graham, H. N. Plasma choline responses to lecithin-enriched soup. Psychopharmacol.Bull 1984;20(3):603-606. View abstract.
59297
Levin, H. S. and Peters, B. H. Long-term administration of oral physostigmine and lecithin improve memory in Alzheimer's disease. Ann.Neurol. 1984;15(2):210. View abstract.
59298
Pentland, B., Martyn, C. N., Steer, C. R., and Christie, J. E. Lecithin treatment in Friedreich's ataxia. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 4-11-1981;282(6271):1197-1198. View abstract.
59299
Dysken, M. W., Fovall, P., Harris, C. M., Davis, J. M., and Noronha, A. Lecithin administration in Alzheimer dementia. Neurology 1982;32(10):1203-1204. View abstract.
59300
Canter, N. L., Hallett, M., and Growdon, J. H. Lecithin does not affect EEG spectral analysis or P300 in Alzheimer disease. Neurology 1982;32(11):1260-1266. View abstract.
59301
Melancon, S. B., Dallaire, L., Potier, M., Vanasse, M., Marois, P., Geoffroy, G., and Barbeau, A. Oral lecithin and linoleic acid in Friedreich's ataxia: I. Design of the study, material and methods. Can.J Neurol.Sci 1982;9(2):151-154. View abstract.
59303
Kaye, W. H., Sitaram, N., Weingartner, H., Ebert, M. H., Smallberg, S., and Gillin, J. C. Modest facilitation on memory in dementia with combined lecithin and anticholinerestase treatment. Biol.Psychiatry 1982;17(2):275-280. View abstract.
59304
Brinkman, S. D., Pomara, N., Goodnick, P. J., Barnett, N., and Domino, E. F. A dose-ranging study of lecithin in the treatment of primary degenerative dementia (Alzheimer disease). J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1982;2(4):281-285. View abstract.
59305
Vroulis, G., Smith, R. C., Schoolar, J. C., Dahlen, G., Katz, E., and Misra, C. H. Reduction of cholesterol risk factors by lecithin in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Am J Psychiatry 1982;139(12):1633-1634. View abstract.
59306
Vroulis, G. A., Smith, R. C., Brinkman, S., Schoolar, J., and Gordon, J. The effects of lecithin on memory in patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type [proceedings]. Psychopharmacol Bull 1981;17(1):127-128. View abstract.
59307
Caine, E. D. Cholinomimetic treatment fails to improve memory disorders. N.Engl.J Med 9-4-1980;303(10):585-586. View abstract.
59310
Holford, N. H. and Peace, K. The effect of tacrine and lecithin in Alzheimer's disease. A population pharmacodynamic analysis of five clinical trials. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1994;47(1):17-23. View abstract.
59311
McLachlan, D. R., Smith, W. L., and Kruck, T. P. Desferrioxamine and Alzheimer's disease: video home behavior assessment of clinical course and measures of brain aluminum. Ther.Drug Monit. 1993;15(6):602-607. View abstract.
59312
Perryman, K. M. and Fitten, L. J. Delayed matching-to-sample performance during a double-blind trial of tacrine (THA) and lecithin in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 1993;53(6):479-486. View abstract.
59314
Foster, N. L., Petersen, R. C., Gracon, S. I., and Lewis, K. An enriched-population, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of tacrine and lecithin in Alzheimer's disease. The Tacrine 970-6 Study Group. Dementia 1996;7(5):260-266. View abstract.
59315
Nair, M. P., Kudchodkar, B. J., Pritchard, P. H., and Lacko, A. G. Purification of recombinant lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase. Protein Expr.Purif. 1997;10(1):38-41. View abstract.
59316
Tuzhilin, S. A., Dreiling, D. A., Narodetskaja, R. V., and Lukash, L. K. The treatment of patients with gallstones by lecithin. Am J Gastroenterol. 1976;65(3):231-235. View abstract.
59319
Hallett, M., Canter, N., and Growdon, J. Neurophysiologic Parameters in Alzheimer Disease: Effect of Lecithin. Neurology 1982;32(2):a126.
59320
Lampe, T. H., Norris, J., Risse, S. C., Owen-Williams, E., and Keenan, T. Therapeutic Potential of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH) and Lecithin Co-administration in Alzheimer's Disease. Neurobiology of Aging 1990;11:346.
59321
Vinarova, E. and Vinar, O. Lecithin in a Psychiatric Out-patient Clinic. Activ nerv sup (Prana) 1987;29(3):219-221.
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Krag A, Munkholm P, Israelsen H, von Ryberg B, Andersen KK, Bendtsen F. Profermin is efficacious in patients with active ulcerative colitis--a randomized controlled trial. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2013;19(12):2584-92. View abstract.
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Krag A, Israelsen H, von Ryberg B, et al. Safety and efficacy of Profermin® to induce remission in ulcerative colitis. World J Gastroenterol 2012;18(15):1773-80. View abstract.
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Sidhu N, Davies S, Nadarajah A, et al. Oral choline supplementation for postoperative pain. Br J Anaesth 2013;111(2):249-55. View abstract .
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Wu Y, Wang T. Soybean lecithin fractionation and functionality. JAOCS 2003;80(4):319-326.
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Sourkes TL. The discovery of lecithin, the first phospholipid. Bull Hist Chem. 2004;29(1):9-15.
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Kraft JN, Lynde CW. Moisturizers: what they are and a practical approach to product selection. Skin Ther Lett 2005;10(5):1-8.
105544
Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21, Chapter 1, Subchapter B, Part 184: Direct food substances affirmed as Generally Recognized as Safe. Subpart B - listing of specific substances affirmed as GRAS. Sec. 184.1400 Lecithin. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=184.1400