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Newton, K. M., Reed, S. D., LaCroix, A. Z., Grothaus, L. C., Ehrlich, K., and Guiltinan, J. Treatment of vasomotor symptoms of menopause with black cohosh, multibotanicals, soy, hormone therapy, or placebo: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 12-19-2006;145(12):869-879. View abstract.

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Jeong, H. J., Koo, H. N., Myung, N. I., Shin, M. K., Kim, J. W., Kim, D. K., Kim, K. S., Kim, H. M., and Lee, Y. M. Inhibitory effects of mast cell-mediated allergic reactions by cell cultured Siberian Ginseng. Immunopharmacol.Immunotoxicol. 2001;23(1):107-117. View abstract.

Schmolz, M. W., Sacher, F., and Aicher, B. The synthesis of Rantes, G-CSF, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12 and IL-13 in human whole-blood cultures is modulated by an extract from Eleutherococcus senticosus L. roots. Phytother.Res 2001;15(3):268-270. View abstract.

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Provalova, N. V., Skurikhin, E. G., Pershina, O. V., Suslov, N. I., Minakova, M. Y., Dygai, A. M., and Gol'dberg, E. D. Mechanisms underling the effects of adaptogens on erythropoiesis during paradoxical sleep deprivation. Bull.Exp Biol Med 2002;133(5):428-432. View abstract.

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Umeyama, A., Shoji, N., Takei, M., Endo, K., and Arihara, S. Ciwujianosides D1 and C1: powerful inhibitors of histamine release induced by anti-immunoglobulin E from rat peritoneal mast cells. J Pharm.Sci. 1992;81(7):661-662. View abstract.

Rogala, E., Skopinska-Rozewska, E., Sawicka, T., Sommer, E., Prosinska, J., and Drozd, J. The influence of Eleuterococcus senticosus on cellular and humoral immunological response of mice. Pol.J Vet.Sci. 2003;6(3 Suppl):37-39. View abstract.

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Tutel'yan, A. V., Klebanov, G. I., Il'ina, S. E., and Lyubitskii, O. B. Comparative study of antioxidant properties of immunoregulatory peptides. Bull.Exp Biol Med 2003;136(2):155-158. View abstract.

Provalova, N. V., Skurikhin, E. G., Pershina, O. V., Minakova, M. Y., Suslov, N. I., and Dygai, A. M. Possible mechanisms underlying the effect of natural preparations on erythropoiesis under conditions of conflict situation. Bull.Exp Biol Med 2003;136(2):165-169. View abstract.

Kwan, C. Y., Zhang, W. B., Sim, S. M., Deyama, T., and Nishibe, S. Vascular effects of Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus): endothelium-dependent NO- and EDHF-mediated relaxation depending on vessel size. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2004;369(5):473-480. View abstract.

Park, E. J., Nan, J. X., Zhao, Y. Z., Lee, S. H., Kim, Y. H., Nam, J. B., Lee, J. J., and Sohn, D. H. Water-soluble polysaccharide from Eleutherococcus senticosus stems attenuates fulminant hepatic failure induced by D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide in mice. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2004;94(6):298-304. View abstract.

Kimura, Y. and Sumiyoshi, M. Effects of various Eleutherococcus senticosus cortex on swimming time, natural killer activity and corticosterone level in forced swimming stressed mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2004;95(2-3):447-453. View abstract.

Bu, Y., Jin, Z. H., Park, S. Y., Baek, S., Rho, S., Ha, N., Park, S. K., and Kim, H. Siberian ginseng reduces infarct volume in transient focal cerebral ischaemia in Sprague-Dawley rats. Phytother Res 2005;19(2):167-169. View abstract.

Goulet, E. D. and Dionne, I. J. Assessment of the effects of eleutherococcus senticosus on endurance performance. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc.Metab 2005;15(1):75-83. View abstract.

Chang, S. H., Sung, H. C., Choi, Y., Ko, S. Y., Lee, B. E., Baek, D. H., Kim, S. W., and Kim, J. K. Suppressive effect of AIF, a water extract from three herbs, on collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Int Immunopharmacol. 2005;5(9):1365-1372. View abstract.

Huang, D. B., Ran, R. Z., and Yu, Z. F. [Effect of Acanthopanax senticosus injection on the activities of human tumor necrosis factor and natural killer cell in blood in the patients with lung cancer]. Zhongguo Zhong.Yao Za Zhi. 2005;30(8):621-624. View abstract.

Di Carlo, G., Pacilio, M., Capasso, R., and Di Carlo, R. Effect on prolactin secretion of Echinacea purpurea, hypericum perforatum and Eleutherococcus senticosus. Phytomedicine 2005;12(9):644-647. View abstract.

Feng, S., Hu, F., Zhao, J. X., Liu, X., and Li, Y. Determination of eleutheroside E and eleutheroside B in rat plasma and tissue by high-performance liquid chromatography using solid-phase extraction and photodiode array detection. Eur J Pharm.Biopharm. 2006;62(3):315-320. View abstract.

Monograph. Eleutherococcus senticosus. Altern Med Rev 2006;11(2):151-155. View abstract.

Lin, Q. Y., Jin, L. J., Ma, Y. S., Shi, M., and Xu, Y. P. Acanthopanax senticosus inhibits nitric oxide production in murine macrophages in vitro and in vivo. Phytother.Res 2007;21(9):879-883. View abstract.

Jung, C. H., Jung, H., Shin, Y. C., Park, J. H., Jun, C. Y., Kim, H. M., Yim, H. S., Shin, M. G., Bae, H. S., Kim, S. H., and Ko, S. G. Eleutherococcus senticosus extract attenuates LPS-induced iNOS expression through the inhibition of Akt and JNK pathways in murine macrophage. J Ethnopharmacol. 8-15-2007;113(1):183-187. View abstract.

Raman, P., Dewitt, D. L., and Nair, M. G. Lipid peroxidation and cyclooxygenase enzyme inhibitory activities of acidic aqueous extracts of some dietary supplements. Phytother.Res 2008;22(2):204-212. View abstract.

Rhim, Y. T., Kim, H., Yoon, S. J., Kim, S. S., Chang, H. K., Lee, T. H., Lee, H. H., Shin, M. C., Shin, M. S., and Kim, C. J. Effect of Acanthopanax senticosus on 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis and tryptophan hydroxylase expression in the dorsal raphe of exercised rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 10-8-2007;114(1):38-43. View abstract.

Sun, H., Lv, H., Zhang, Y., Wang, X., Bi, K., and Cao, H. A rapid and sensitive UPLC-ESI MS method for analysis of isofraxidin, a natural antistress compound, and its metabolites in rat plasma. J Sep.Sci 2007;30(18):3202-3206. View abstract.

Niu, H. S., Hsu, F. L., Liu, I. M., and Cheng, J. T. Increase of beta-endorphin secretion by syringin, an active principle of Eleutherococcus senticosus, to produce antihyperglycemic action in type 1-like diabetic rats. Horm.Metab Res 2007;39(12):894-898. View abstract.

Niu, H. S., Liu, I. M., Cheng, J. T., Lin, C. L., and Hsu, F. L. Hypoglycemic effect of syringin from Eleutherococcus senticosus in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Planta Med 2008;74(2):109-113. View abstract.

Liu, K. Y., Wu, Y. C., Liu, I. M., Yu, W. C., and Cheng, J. T. Release of acetylcholine by syringin, an active principle of Eleutherococcus senticosus, to raise insulin secretion in Wistar rats. Neurosci Lett. 3-28-2008;434(2):195-199. View abstract.

Maslov, L. N. and Guzarova, N. V. [Cardioprotective and antiarrhythmic properties of preparations from Leuzea carthamoides, Aralia mandshurica, and Eleutherococcus senticosus]. Eksp Klin Farmakol 2007;70(6):48-54. View abstract.

Lin, Q. Y., Jin, L. J., Cao, Z. H., Lu, Y. N., Xue, H. Y., and Xu, Y. P. Acanthopanax senticosus suppresses reactive oxygen species production by mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro and in vivo. Phytother.Res 2008;22(6):740-745. View abstract.

Maruyama, T., Kamakura, H., Miyai, M., Komatsu, K., Kawasaki, T., Fujita, M., Shimada, H., Yamamoto, Y., Shibata, T., and Goda, Y. Authentication of the traditional medicinal plant Eleutherococcus senticosus by DNA and chemical analyses. Planta Med 2008;74(7):787-789. View abstract.

Olalde, J. A., Magarici, M., Amendola, F., del, Castillo O., Gonzalez, S., and Muhammad, A. Clinical outcomes of diabetic foot management with Circulat. Phytother.Res 2008;22(10):1292-1298. View abstract.

Tohda, C., Ichimura, M., Bai, Y., Tanaka, K., Zhu, S., and Komatsu, K. Inhibitory effects of Eleutherococcus senticosus extracts on amyloid beta(25-35)-induced neuritic atrophy and synaptic loss. J Pharmacol.Sci 2008;107(3):329-339. View abstract.

Khetagurova, L. G., Gonobobleva, T. N., and Pashaian, S. G. [Effects of Eleutherococcus on the biorhythm of indices of peripheral blood in dogs]. Biull.Eksp.Biol.Med 1991;111(4):402-404. View abstract.

Panossian, A. and Wikman, G. Evidence-based efficacy of adaptogens in fatigue, and molecular mechanisms related to their stress-protective activity. Curr Clin Pharmacol. 2009;4(3):198-219. View abstract.

Smalinskiene, A., Lesauskaite, V., Zitkevicius, V., Savickiene, N., Savickas, A., Ryselis, S., Sadauskiene, I., and Ivanov, L. Estimation of the combined effect of Eleutherococcus senticosus extract and cadmium on liver cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009;1171:314-320. View abstract.

Liang, Q., Yu, X., Qu, S., Xu, H., and Sui, D. Acanthopanax senticosides B ameliorates oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Eur J Pharmacol. 2-10-2010;627(1-3):209-215. View abstract.

Park, S. H., Kim, S. K., Shin, I. H., Kim, H. G., and Choe, J. Y. Effects of AIF on Knee Osteoarthritis Patients: Double-blind, Randomized Placebo-controlled Study. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2009;13(1):33-37. View abstract.

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