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Boulenger JP, Uhde TW. Caffeine consumption and anxiety: preliminary results of a survey comparing patients with anxiety disorders and normal controls. Psychopharmacol Bull 1982;18:53-7. View abstract.

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Lodi, G., Sardella, A., Bez, C., Demarosi, F., and Carrassi, A. Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2004;(3):CD001829. View abstract.

Lodi, G., Sardella, A., Bez, C., Demarosi, F., and Carrassi, A. Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2006;(4):CD001829. View abstract.

Chow, W. H., Blot, W. J., and McLaughlin, J. K. Tea drinking and cancer risk: epidemiologic evidence. Proc.Soc.Exp Biol.Med. 1999;220(4):197. View abstract.

Chow, W. H., Swanson, C. A., Lissowska, J., Groves, F. D., Sobin, L. H., Nasierowska-Guttmejer, A., Radziszewski, J., Regula, J., Hsing, A. W., Jagannatha, S., Zatonski, W., and Blot, W. J. Risk of stomach cancer in relation to consumption of cigarettes, alcohol, tea and coffee in Warsaw, Poland. Int.J.Cancer 6-11-1999;81(6):871-876. View abstract.

Lou, Y. R., Lu, Y. P., Xie, J. G., Huang, M. T., and Conney, A. H. Effects of oral administration of tea, decaffeinated tea, and caffeine on the formation and growth of tumors in high-risk SKH-1 mice previously treated with ultraviolet B light. Nutr.Cancer 1999;33(2):146-153. View abstract.

Woodward, M. and Tunstall-Pedoe, H. Coffee and tea consumption in the Scottish Heart Health Study follow up: conflicting relations with coronary risk factors, coronary disease, and all cause mortality. J.Epidemiol.Community Health 1999;53(8):481-487. View abstract.

Pan, M. H., Lin-Shiau, S. Y., Ho, C. T., Lin, J. H., and Lin, J. K. Suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced nuclear factor-kappaB activity by theaflavin-3,3'-digallate from black tea and other polyphenols through down-regulation of IkappaB kinase activity in macrophages. Biochem.Pharmacol. 2-15-2000;59(4):357-367. View abstract.

Li, N., Sun, Z., Liu, Z., and Han, C. [Study on the preventive effect of tea on DNA damage of the buccal mucosa cells in oral leukoplakias induce by cigarette smoking]. Wei Sheng Yan.Jiu. 1998;27(3):173-174. View abstract.

Chaudhuri, L., Basu, S., Seth, P., Chaudhuri, T., Besra, S. E., Vedasiromoni, J. R., and Ganguly, D. K. Prokinetic effect of black tea on gastrointestinal motility. Life Sci 1-21-2000;66(9):847-854. View abstract.

Clifford, M. N., Copeland, E. L., Bloxsidge, J. P., and Mitchell, L. A. Hippuric acid as a major excretion product associated with black tea consumption. Xenobiotica 2000;30(3):317-326. View abstract.

Hodgson, J. M., Morton, L. W., Puddey, I. B., Beilin, L. J., and Croft, K. D. Gallic acid metabolites are markers of black tea intake in humans. J Agric.Food Chem. 2000;48(6):2276-2280. View abstract.

Lakenbrink, C., Lapczynski, S., Maiwald, B., and Engelhardt, U. H. Flavonoids and other polyphenols in consumer brews of tea and other caffeinated beverages. J Agric.Food Chem. 2000;48(7):2848-2852. View abstract.

Warden, B. A., Smith, L. S., Beecher, G. R., Balentine, D. A., and Clevidence, B. A. Catechins are bioavailable in men and women drinking black tea throughout the day. J Nutr. 2001;131(6):1731-1737. View abstract.

Maity, S., Vedasiromoni, J. R., Chaudhuri, L., and Ganguly, D. K. Role of reduced glutathione and nitric oxide in the black tea extract-mediated protection against ulcerogen-induced changes in motility and gastric emptying in rats. Jpn J Pharmacol. 2001;85(4):358-364. View abstract.

Lu, Y. P., Lou, Y. R., Lin, Y., Shih, W. J., Huang, M. T., Yang, C. S., and Conney, A. H. Inhibitory effects of orally administered green tea, black tea, and caffeine on skin carcinogenesis in mice previously treated with ultraviolet B light (high-risk mice): relationship to decreased tissue fat. Cancer Res. 7-1-2001;61(13):5002-5009. View abstract.

Arts, I. C., Hollman, P. C., Feskens, E. J., Bueno de Mesquita, H. B., and Kromhout, D. Catechin intake might explain the inverse relation between tea consumption and ischemic heart disease: the Zutphen Elderly Study. Am.J.Clin Nutr. 2001;74(2):227-232. View abstract.

Hodgson, J. M., Puddey, I. B., Mori, T. A., Burke, V., Baker, R. I., and Beilin, L. J. Effects of regular ingestion of black tea on haemostasis and cell adhesion molecules in humans. Eur.J Clin.Nutr. 2001;55(10):881-886. View abstract.

Lodi, G., Sardella, A., Bez, C., Demarosi, F., and Carrassi, A. Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2001;(4):CD001829. View abstract.

Brunton, P. A. and Hussain, A. The erosive effect of herbal tea on dental enamel. J Dent. 2001;29(8):517-520. View abstract.

Hong, J., Smith, T. J., Ho, C. T., August, D. A., and Yang, C. S. Effects of purified green and black tea polyphenols on cyclooxygenase- and lipoxygenase-dependent metabolism of arachidonic acid in human colon mucosa and colon tumor tissues. Biochem.Pharmacol. 11-1-2001;62(9):1175-1183. View abstract.

Shukla, Y. and Taneja, P. Anticarcinogenic effect of black tea on pulmonary tumors in Swiss albino mice. Cancer Lett. 2-25-2002;176(2):137-141. View abstract.

Hodgson JM, Puddey IB, Burke V, et al. Regular ingestion of black tea improves brachial artery vasodilator function. Clin.Sci (Lond) 2002;102:195-201. View abstract.

Ciraj, A. M., Sulaim, J., Mamatha, B., Gopalkrishna, B. K., and Shivananda, P. G. Antibacterial activity of black tea (Camelia sinensis) extract against Salmonella serotypes causing enteric fever. Indian J Med.Sci 2001;55(7):376-381. View abstract.

Hodgson, J. M., Puddey, I. B., Burke, V., Beilin, L. J., Mori, T. A., and Chan, S. Y. Acute effects of ingestion of black tea on postprandial platelet aggregation in human subjects. Br.J Nutr. 2002;87(2):141-145. View abstract.

Dhawan, A., Anderson, D., de Pascual-Teresa, S., Santos-Buelga, C., Clifford, M. N., and Ioannides, C. Evaluation of the antigenotoxic potential of monomeric and dimeric flavanols, and black tea polyphenols against heterocyclic amine-induced DNA damage in human lymphocytes using the Comet assay. Mutat.Res. 3-25-2002;515(1-2):39-56. View abstract.

Luceri, C., Caderni, G., Sanna, A., and Dolara, P. Red wine and black tea polyphenols modulate the expression of cycloxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase and glutathione-related enzymes in azoxymethane-induced f344 rat colon tumors. J Nutr. 2002;132(6):1376-1379. View abstract.

Cerhan, J. R., Putnam, S. D., Bianchi, G. D., Parker, A. S., Lynch, C. F., and Cantor, K. P. Tea consumption and risk of cancer of the colon and rectum. Nutr.Cancer 2001;41(1-2):33-40. View abstract.

Lodi, G., Sardella, A., Bez, C., Demarosi, F., and Carrassi, A. Systematic review of randomized trials for the treatment of oral leukoplakia. J Dent.Educ. 2002;66(8):896-902. View abstract.

Hakim, I. A., Alsaif, M. A., Alduwaihy, M., Al-Rubeaan, K., Al-Nuaim, A. R., and Al-Attas, O. S. Tea consumption and the prevalence of coronary heart disease in Saudi adults: results from a Saudi national study. Prev.Med 2003;36(1):64-70. View abstract.

Yamada, H., Ohashi, K., Atsumi, T., Okabe, H., Shimizu, T., Nishio, S., Li, X. D., Kosuge, K., Watanabe, H., and Hara, Y. Effects of tea catechin inhalation on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in elderly patients in a hospital ward. J.Hosp.Infect. 2003;53(3):229-231. View abstract.

Savage, G. P., Charrier, M. J., and Vanhanen, L. Bioavailability of soluble oxalate from tea and the effect of consuming milk with the tea. Eur.J Clin.Nutr. 2003;57(3):415-419. View abstract.

Maity, S., Ukil, A., Karmakar, S., Datta, N., Chaudhuri, T., Vedasiromoni, J. R., Ganguly, D. K., and Das, P. K. Thearubigin, the major polyphenol of black tea, ameliorates mucosal injury in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis. Eur.J Pharmacol 5-30-2003;470(1-2):103-112. View abstract.

Green, M. S. and Harari, G. Association of serum lipoproteins and health-related habits with coffee and tea consumption in free-living subjects examined in the Israeli CORDIS Study. Prev.Med. 1992;21(4):532-545. View abstract.

Stensvold, I., Tverdal, A., Solvoll, K., and Foss, O. P. Tea consumption. relationship to cholesterol, blood pressure, and coronary and total mortality. Prev.Med. 1992;21(4):546-553. View abstract.

Davies, M. J., Judd, J. T., Baer, D. J., Clevidence, B. A., Paul, D. R., Edwards, A. J., Wiseman, S. A., Muesing, R. A., and Chen, S. C. Black tea consumption reduces total and LDL cholesterol in mildly hypercholesterolemic adults. J.Nutr. 2003;133(10):3298S-3302S. View abstract.

Toda, M., Okubo, S., Ikigai, H., Suzuki, T., Suzuki, Y., Hara, Y., and Shimamura, T. The protective activity of tea catechins against experimental infection by Vibrio cholerae O1. Microbiol.Immunol. 1992;36(9):999-1001. View abstract.

Taylor, E. S., Smith, A. D., Cowan, J. O., Herbison, G. P., and Taylor, D. R. Effect of caffeine ingestion on exhaled nitric oxide measurements in patients with asthma. Am.J Respir.Crit Care Med. 5-1-2004;169(9):1019-1021. View abstract.

Mulder, T. P., Rietveld, A. G., and Van Amelsvoort, J. M. Consumption of both black tea and green tea results in an increase in the excretion of hippuric acid into urine. Am.J.Clin Nutr. 2005;81(1 Suppl):256S-260S. View abstract.

Lele, S. Although leukoplakia responds to some treatments relapses and adverse effects are common. Evid.Based.Dent. 2005;6(1):15-16. View abstract.

Halder, A., Raychowdhury, R., Ghosh, A., and De, M. Black tea (Camellia sinensis) as a chemopreventive agent in oral precancerous lesions. J.Environ.Pathol.Toxicol.Oncol. 2005;24(2):141-144. View abstract.

Roberts, A. T., Jonge-Levitan, L., Parker, C. C., and Greenway, F. The effect of an herbal supplement containing black tea and caffeine on metabolic parameters in humans. Altern Med Rev 2005;10(4):321-325. View abstract.

Yamada, H., Tateishi, M., Harada, K., Ohashi, T., Shimizu, T., Atsumi, T., Komagata, Y., Iijima, H., Komiyama, K., Watanabe, H., Hara, Y., and Ohashi, K. A randomized clinical study of tea catechin inhalation effects on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in disabled elderly patients. J Am.Med.Dir.Assoc. 2006;7(2):79-83. View abstract.

Sun, C. L., Yuan, J. M., Koh, W. P., and Yu, M. C. Green tea, black tea and colorectal cancer risk: a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Carcinogenesis 2006;27(7):1301-1309. View abstract.

Mukoyama, A., Ushijima, H., Nishimura, S., Koike, H., Toda, M., Hara, Y., and Shimamura, T. Inhibition of rotavirus and enterovirus infections by tea extracts. Jpn.J Med.Sci Biol. 1991;44(4):181-186. View abstract.

Vlachopoulos, C., Alexopoulos, N., Dima, I., Aznaouridis, K., Andreadou, I., and Stefanadis, C. Acute effect of black and green tea on aortic stiffness and wave reflections. J Am Coll.Nutr 2006;25(3):216-223. View abstract.

Henning, S. M., Aronson, W., Niu, Y., Conde, F., Lee, N. H., Seeram, N. P., Lee, R. P., Lu, J., Harris, D. M., Moro, A., Hong, J., Pak-Shan, L., Barnard, R. J., Ziaee, H. G., Csathy, G., Go, V. L., Wang, H., and Heber, D. Tea polyphenols and theaflavins are present in prostate tissue of humans and mice after green and black tea consumption. J Nutr 2006;136(7):1839-1843. View abstract.

Gardner, E. J., Ruxton, C. H., and Leeds, A. R. Black tea--helpful or harmful? A review of the evidence. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007;61(1):3-18. View abstract.

Van Dorsten, F. A., Daykin, C. A., Mulder, T. P., and Van Duynhoven, J. P. Metabonomics approach to determine metabolic differences between green tea and black tea consumption. J Agric Food Chem 9-6-2006;54(18):6929-6938. View abstract.

Steptoe, A., Gibson, E. L., Vuononvirta, R., Hamer, M., Wardle, J., Rycroft, J. A., Martin, J. F., and Erusalimsky, J. D. The effects of chronic tea intake on platelet activation and inflammation: a double-blind placebo controlled trial. Atherosclerosis 2007;193(2):277-282. View abstract.

Steptoe, A., Gibson, E. L., Vuononvirta, R., Williams, E. D., Hamer, M., Rycroft, J. A., Erusalimsky, J. D., and Wardle, J. The effects of tea on psychophysiological stress responsivity and post-stress recovery: a randomised double-blind trial. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2007;190(1):81-89. View abstract.

Dagan, Y. and Doljansky, J. T. Cognitive performance during sustained wakefulness: A low dose of caffeine is equally effective as modafinil in alleviating the nocturnal decline. Chronobiol.Int. 2006;23(5):973-983. View abstract.

Opala, T., Rzymski, P., Pischel, I., Wilczak, M., and Wozniak, J. Efficacy of 12 weeks supplementation of a botanical extract-based weight loss formula on body weight, body composition and blood chemistry in healthy, overweight subjects--a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Eur J Med Res 8-30-2006;11(8):343-350. View abstract.

Kohler, M., Pavy, A., and van den Heuvel, C. The effects of chewing versus caffeine on alertness, cognitive performance and cardiac autonomic activity during sleep deprivation. J Sleep Res. 2006;15(4):358-368. View abstract.

Thomasset, S. C., Berry, D. P., Garcea, G., Marczylo, T., Steward, W. P., and Gescher, A. J. Dietary polyphenolic phytochemicals--promising cancer chemopreventive agents in humans? A review of their clinical properties. Int.J Cancer 2-1-2007;120(3):451-458. View abstract.

Mackenzie, T., Leary, L., and Brooks, W. B. The effect of an extract of green and black tea on glucose control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: double-blind randomized study. Metabolism 2007;56(10):1340-1344. View abstract.

Mukamal KJ, MacDermott K, Vinson JA, et al. A 6-month randomized pilot study of black tea and cardiovascular risk factors. Am Heart J 2007;154:724. e1-6. View abstract.

Bryans, J. A., Judd, P. A., and Ellis, P. R. The effect of consuming instant black tea on postprandial plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in healthy humans. J Am Coll.Nutr 2007;26(5):471-477. View abstract.

Kapadia, G. J., Paul, B. D., Chung, E. B., Ghosh, B., and Pradhan, S. N. Carcinogenicity of Camellia sinensis (tea) and some tannin-containing folk medicinal herbs administered subcutaneously in rats. J Natl.Cancer Inst. 1976;57(1):207-209. View abstract.

Okubo, S., Toda, M., Hara, Y., and Shimamura, T. [Antifungal and fungicidal activities of tea extract and catechin against Trichophyton]. Nihon Saikingaku Zasshi 1991;46(2):509-514. View abstract.

Hattori, M., Kusumoto, I. T., Namba, T., Ishigami, T., and Hara, Y. Effect of tea polyphenols on glucan synthesis by glucosyltransferase from Streptococcus mutans. Chem.Pharm Bull.(Tokyo) 1990;38(3):717-720. View abstract.

Gramenzi, A., Gentile, A., Fasoli, M., Negri, E., Parazzini, F., and La, Vecchia C. Association between certain foods and risk of acute myocardial infarction in women. BMJ 3-24-1990;300(6727):771-773. View abstract.

Brinkley, L. J., Gregory, J., and Pak, C. Y. A further study of oxalate bioavailability in foods. J Urol. 1990;144(1):94-96. View abstract.

Van Dusseldorp, M., Smits, P., Thien, T., and Katan, M. B. Effect of decaffeinated versus regular coffee on blood pressure. A 12-week, double-blind trial. Hypertension 1989;14(5):563-569. View abstract.

Kinlen, L. J., Willows, A. N., Goldblatt, P., and Yudkin, J. Tea consumption and cancer. Br.J.Cancer 1988;58(3):397-401. View abstract.

Heilbrun, L. K., Nomura, A., and Stemmermann, G. N. Black tea consumption and cancer risk: a prospective study. Br.J.Cancer 1986;54(4):677-683. View abstract.

Nagao, M., Takahashi, Y., Yamanaka, H., and Sugimura, T. Mutagens in coffee and tea. Mutat.Res. 1979;68(2):101-106. View abstract.

John, T. J. and Mukundan, P. Virus inhibition by tea, caffeine and tannic acid. Indian J Med.Res. 1979;69:542-545. View abstract.

Kinlen, L. J. and McPherson, K. Pancreas cancer and coffee and tea consumption: a case-control study. Br.J.Cancer 1984;49(1):93-96. View abstract.

Dobmeyer, D. J., Stine, R. A., Leier, C. V., Greenberg, R., and Schaal, S. F. The arrhythmogenic effects of caffeine in human beings. N.Engl.J.Med. 4-7-1983;308(14):814-816. View abstract.

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Ng TP, Gao Q, Gwee X, Chua DQL, Tan WC. Tea Consumption and Risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Middle-Aged and Older Singaporean Adults. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2021;16:13-23. View abstract.

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Alzoman H, Alzahrani A, Alwehaiby K, Alanazi W, AlSarhan M. Efficacy of Arabic Coffee and Black Tea in Reducing Halitosis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled, Crossover Clinical Trial. Healthcare (Basel) 2021;9(3):250. View abstract.

Zhang Y, Yang H, Li S, Li WD, Wang Y. Consumption of coffee and tea and risk of developing stroke, dementia, and poststroke dementia: A cohort study in the UK Biobank. PLoS Med 2021;18(11):e1003830. View abstract.

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Wang S, Li X, Yang Y, et al. Does coffee, tea and caffeine consumption reduce the risk of incident breast cancer? A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Public Health Nutr 2021;24(18):6377-6389. View abstract.

Alshabi AM, Alkahtani SA, Shaikh IA, Habeeb MS. Caffeine modulates pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of pioglitazone in diabetic rats: Impact on therapeutics. Saudi Med J 2021;42(2):151-160. View abstract.

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