Rehmannia • Moutan • Red Peony • Angelica • Sophora • Honeysuckle • Scrophularia • Burdock • Cicada Slough • Dittany • Siler • Cathamus • Dyer's Woad leaf.
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Below is general information about the effectiveness of the known ingredients contained in the product PsoriasEase. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
There is insufficient reliable information available about the effectiveness of burning bush.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
There is insufficient reliable information available about the effectiveness of figwort.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
Below is general information about the safety of the known ingredients contained in the product PsoriasEase. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally in amounts commonly found in foods. Angelica archangelica has Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status in the US (4912). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of Angelica archangelica when used orally or topically for medicinal purposes.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately in medicinal amounts, short-term. An ashitaba extract has been used with apparent safety in doses of 500 mg twice daily for 12 weeks (100594). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of ashitaba when used long-term.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used in amounts commonly found in foods (12659,12660). Burdock root is commonly eaten as a vegetable (37422,92153,92154)
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used topically, short-term. An emulsion containing burdock fruit extract 1.2% has been safely applied to the face twice daily for 4 weeks (37420). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of burdock when used orally in supplemental doses.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of burning bush.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately. Dong quai has been used with apparent safety in a dose of 4.5 grams daily for 24 weeks, or in combination with other ingredients in doses of up to 150 mg daily for up to 6 months (19552,35797). ...when used intravenously as a 25% solution, in a dose of 200-250 mL daily for up to 20 days (48438,48442,48443,48483).
POSSIBLY UNSAFE ...when used orally in large amounts, long-term. Theoretically, long-term use of large amounts of dong quai could be harmful. Dong quai contains several constituents such as bergapten, safrole, and isosafrole that are considered carcinogenic (7162). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of dong quai when used topically.
PREGNANCY: POSSIBLY UNSAFE
when used orally.
Dong quai has uterine stimulant and relaxant effects (8142); theoretically, it could adversely affect pregnancy. Observational research has found that intake of An-Tai-Yin, an herbal combination product containing dong quai and parsley, during the first trimester is associated with an increased risk of congenital malformations of the musculoskeletal system, connective tissue, and eyes (15129).
LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid use.
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of figwort.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used topically and appropriately, short-term. A specific product containing indigo naturalis, an isatis leaf extract, in olive oil (Lindioil), applied topically in doses of 0.05-0.1 mL to the skin around the fingernails twice daily, has been used with apparent safety for 24 weeks (88276,108089). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of isatis when used orally.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information is available; avoid using.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately, short term. Total glucosides of peony has been used with apparent safety in doses of up to 1800 mg daily for up to 12 months (92786,97949,97950,98466,100992,110432,112861,112862). Peony root extract has been used with apparent safety at a dose of 2250 mg daily for up to 3 months (97216). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of peony when used orally, topically, or rectally, long-term.
CHILDREN: POSSIBLY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately, short-term.
Total glucosides of peony has been used with apparent safety in children 1.5-4 years of age at doses up to 180 mg/kg daily or 1.2 grams daily for up to 12 months (92785). Peony root extract 40 mg/kg daily has also been used with apparent safety in children 1-14 years of age for 4 weeks (106851).
PREGNANCY: POSSIBLY UNSAFE
when used orally.
Preliminary research suggests that peony can cause uterine contractions (13400). However, other preliminary research suggests a combination of peony and angelica with or without motherwort, banksias rose, and ligustica, might be safe (11015,48433). Until more is known, avoid use.
LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately, short term. Rehmannia root extract 4 grams daily or rehmannia leaf extract 800 mg daily has been used with apparent safety for 8 weeks in clinical studies (93660,93662).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
Below is general information about the interactions of the known ingredients contained in the product PsoriasEase. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
In vitro research shows that ashitaba extract inhibits cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 (100593). Theoretically, concomitant use of ashitaba with CYP1A1 substrates might decrease the clearance of these substrates and increase the risk for adverse effects. However, this interaction has yet to be reported in humans. Until more is known, use with caution.
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In vitro research shows that ashitaba extract inhibits cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 (100593). Theoretically, concomitant use of ashitaba with CYP1A2 substrates might decrease the clearance of these substrates and increase the risk for adverse effects. However, this interaction has yet to be reported in humans. Until more is known, use with caution.
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Theoretically, taking burdock with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.
Details
In vitro research shows that lignans from burdock reduce rabbit platelet aggregation by inhibiting platelet activating factor (12619). This interaction has not been reported in humans. |
Theoretically, dong quai may increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs; however, research is conflicting.
Details
Animal studies suggest that dong quai has antithrombin activity and inhibits platelet aggregation due to its coumarin components (6048,10057,96137). Additionally, some case reports in humans suggest that dong quai can increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin (3526,6048,23310,48439). However, clinical research in healthy adults shows that taking 1 gram of dong quai root daily for 3 weeks does not significantly inhibit platelet aggregation or cause bleeding (96137). Until more is known, use dong quai with caution in patients taking antiplatelet/anticoagulant drugs.
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Theoretically, dong quai may reduce the effects of estrogens.
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Dong quai may increase the risk of bleeding when used with warfarin.
Details
Case reports suggest that concomitant use of dong quai with warfarin can increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin and increase the risk of bleeding (3526,6048,23310,48439). In one case, after 4 weeks of taking dong quai 565 mg once or twice daily, the international normalized ratio (INR) increased to 4.9. The INR normalized 4 weeks after discontinuation of dong quai (3526).
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Theoretically, overuse of figwort might compound diuretic-induced potassium loss (18). There is some concern that people taking figwort along with potassium depleting diuretics might have an increased risk for hypokalemia. Initiation of potassium supplementation or an increase in potassium supplement dose may be necessary for some patients. Some diuretics that can deplete potassium include chlorothiazide (Diuril), chlorthalidone (Thalitone), furosemide (Lasix), hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ, Hydrodiuril, Microzide), and others.
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Figwort is thought to have diuretic properties (18). Theoretically, due to these potential diuretic effects, figwort might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.
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Theoretically, honeysuckle might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Details
In vitro research shows that polyphenols extracted from honeysuckle can inhibit platelet aggregation (12610).
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Theoretically, combining peony with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.
Details
In vitro research suggests that peony might have antiplatelet, anticoagulant, and antithrombotic effects (92787).
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Theoretically, peony might increase the levels and clinical effects of clozapine.
Details
In vitro research shows that peony suppresses the metabolism of clozapine via weak-to-moderate inhibitory effects on cytochromes P450 (CYP) 1A2 and CYP3A4 (92790). This effect has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, peony might interfere with contraceptive drugs due to competition for estrogen receptors.
Details
In vitro and animal research shows that peony extract has estrogenic activity (100990). Concomitant use might also increase the risk for estrogen-related adverse effects.
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Theoretically, use of peony may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Details
In vitro research shows that peony suppresses the metabolism of clozapine via weak-to-moderate inhibitory effects on CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 (92790). This effect has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, use of peony may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Details
In vitro research shows that peony suppresses the metabolism of clozapine via weak-to-moderate inhibitory effects on CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 (92790). This effect has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, concomitant use of large amounts of peony might interfere with hormone replacement therapy and/or increase the risk for estrogen-related adverse effects.
Details
In vitro and animal research shows that peony extract has estrogenic activity (100990). Theoretically, peony might compete for estrogen receptors and/or cause additive estrogenic effects.
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Theoretically, peony might reduce the levels and clinical effects of phenytoin.
Details
Animal research shows that taking peony root reduces levels of phenytoin (8657). Some researchers suggest that peony root might affect cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9, which metabolizes phenytoin. However, preliminary research in humans shows that peony root does not alter levels of losartan (Cozaar), which is also metabolized by CYP2C9 (11480).
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Theoretically, rehmannia might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
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Theoretically, rehmannia might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Details
Animal research shows that rehmannia may have hypotensive effects. Laboratory research shows that formulations of dried and processed rehmannia root inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) (104272).
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Below is general information about the adverse effects of the known ingredients contained in the product PsoriasEase. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
General
...Orally, Angelica archangelica is generally well tolerated in food amounts.
There is limited information available about the adverse effects of Angelica archangelica when used as medicine.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Constipation, photosensitivity.
Dermatologic ...Orally or topically, Angelica archangelica might cause photosensitivity reactions (13406). Patients who take Angelica archangelica orally or apply it topically should be advised to avoid prolonged exposure to the sun. Some constituents of the leaves have a strong irritant effect on the skin and mucous membranes, referred to as "angelica dermatitis" (18).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, Angelica archangelica has been reported to cause constipation in one out of 21 patients taking a specific Angelica archangelica leaf extract (SagaPro, SagaMedica) (92461).
General ...No adverse effects have been reported. However, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.
General
...Orally, burdock is well tolerated when consumed as a food.
Although a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes is lacking, there has been long-standing historical use of burdock with few noted adverse effects.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
All ROAs: Allergic reactions, including contact dermatitis and anaphylaxis.
Dermatologic ...Contact dermatitis has been reported secondary to burdock, especially after prolonged use of the root oil (37422). There are cases of allergic dermatitis secondary to using burdock plasters. Two males and a 14 year-old female developed erythematous and vesicular, pruritic, and exudative reactions in areas corresponding to the application of burdock root plasters (12667). Reactions occurred up to 7 days after initial use. Patch testing was positive for burdock sensitivity in all three patients and was nonreactive in matched controls.
Hematologic ...In one case report, a 38-year-old female developed immune-mediated thrombocytopenia after consuming a "cleansing" tea containing unknown amounts of burdock and yellow dock. The patient presented with bruising, mild weakness, and fatigue, which started 2-3 days after consuming the tea, and was found to have a platelet count of 5,000 per mcL. Symptoms resolved after platelet transfusion and treatment with oral dexamethasone (108971). It is unclear if these effects were caused by burdock, yellow dock, the combination, or other contributing factors.
Hepatic ...A case of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver disease (DILI) is reported in a 36-year-old female who presented with abdominal pain after 1 month of taking an herbal liver detox tea containing burdock and other ingredients. Remarkable laboratory values included elevated liver enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin. The patient received a loading dose of N-acetylcysteine and was hospitalized for 12 days (112178). However, it is unclear if the adverse effect was due to burdock, other ingredients, or the combination.
Immunologic ...There is one case of anaphylactic shock secondary to eating boiled burdock. One hour after eating boiled burdock the patient presented with redness over the entire body and dyspnea. He was found to have low blood pressure and was treated with subcutaneous epinephrine 1 mg and intravenous lactated ringer's solution containing hydrocortisone 100 mg and dexamethasone 8 mg. The cause of anaphylactic shock was attributed to allergenicity to burdock based on positive skin prick test results. Previously, the patient had experienced urticaria after eating boiled burdock (12660).
Neurologic/CNS ...Anticholinergic reactions including dry mouth, dizziness, blurred vision, weakness, dilated pupils, inability to urinate, and bradycardia have been reported following the consumption of burdock products (12662,37421,37431,37434,37435). However, these anticholinergic reactions are believed result from contamination of burdock with belladonna alkaloids. Burdock itself does not contain atropine or other constituents that would be responsible for these reactions.
General ...Topically, skin contact with burning bush can cause phototoxicity (18).
General
...Orally, dong quai is generally well-tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Burping and flatulence.
Intravenously: Headache.
Cardiovascular ...Orally, dong quai might cause hypertension; according to one case report, a parent and breastfed infant experienced hypertension (195/85 mmHg and 115/69 mmHg, respectively) after the parent consumed a soup containing dong quai root (48428).
Dermatologic ...Dong quai contains psoralens that may cause photosensitivity and photodermatitis (10054,10057,48461).
Endocrine ...In a case report, a male developed gynecomastia after ingesting dong quai tablets (48504).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, burping and gas may occur with dong quai (738).
Hematologic ...In one case report, a 55-year-old female with protein S deficiency and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) had temporary vision loss in the left eye from hemiretinal vein thrombosis three days after taking a phytoestrogen preparation containing dong quai 100 mg, black cohosh 250 mg, wild Mexican yam 276 mg, and red clover 250 mg (13155). It is unclear if dong quai contributed to this event.
Neurologic/CNS ...Dong quai given orally or by injection may be associated with headache (738,48438).
Oncologic ...Dong quai contains constituents that are carcinogenic; however, whether these constituents are present in concentrations large enough to cause cancer with long-term or high-dose use is unknown (7162).
Pulmonary/Respiratory ...A pharmacist experienced allergic asthma and rhinitis after occupational exposure to dong quai and other herbs (48435).
General ...No adverse effects have been reported; however, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.
General ...Orally, honeysuckle seems to be well tolerated. No adverse effects have been reported. There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of honeysuckle when used topically. However, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.
Immunologic ...Topically, applying honeysuckle to the skin has been associated with contact dermatitis in a case report (12611). Orally, a case of biopsy-confirmed allergic drug eruption is reported in a young adult male after taking honeysuckle granules 30 grams over a 24-hour period. Symptoms resolved with discontinuation of honeysuckle and 2-weeks of antihistamine and glucocorticoid therapy (112866).
General ...Orally and topically, no adverse effects have been reported. However, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.
General
...Orally, peony seems to be well tolerated when used alone and as part of Chinese herbal formulas.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Abdominal distension, anorexia, diarrhea, gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea.
Topically: Dermatitis.
Dermatologic ...Topically, peony has been reported to cause contact dermatitis (13555).
Endocrine ...Orally, a specific traditional Chinese medicine preparation called DDT has been reported to lower follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels and increase estradiol levels. It is not known if this effect is due to peony or the other ingredients (48404). Another specific traditional Chinese medicine preparation, Toki-shakuyaku-san, has been reported to increase plasma progesterone levels in some patients. It is not known if this effect is due to peony or the other ingredients (15294).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, peony and total glucosides of peony (TGP) have been reported to cause gastrointestinal discomfort, including abdominal distension, anorexia, diarrhea, and nausea, in some patients (13538,92785,97949,98466,100992). In one clinical study, diarrhea was reported in 5% of patients taking TGP 600 mg three times daily for 24 weeks versus 1% of patients taking placebo (100992).
Hematologic ...Orally, there is one case report of easy gum bleeding, epistaxis, and skin bruising with an international normalized ratio (INR) above 6 in a 61-year-old male who was previously stable on warfarin therapy. This patient had switched from one brand of quilinggao, a popular Chinese herbal product, to another brand 5 days prior. This product contained Fritillaria spp. (beimu), Paeonia rubra, Chinese peony (chishao), Lonicera japonica (jinyinhua), and Poncirus trifoliata (jishi). The patient's INR decreased to 1.9 after temporary withdrawal of warfarin therapy. Upon re-initiation of quilinggao, his INR increased to 5.2. It is not known if the increased INR is due to peony or the other ingredients (68343).
General ...Orally, rehmannia seems to be well tolerated.