Below is general information about the effectiveness of the known ingredients contained in the product Goji Herb Tea. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
Below is general information about the safety of the known ingredients contained in the product Goji Herb Tea. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately, short-term. Eleuthero root extract 300-2000 mg has been used safely in clinical trials lasting up to 3 months (730,1427,2574,7522,11099,15586,91509). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of eleuthero when used long-term.
CHILDREN: POSSIBLY SAFE
when used orally in adolescents aged 12-17 years, short-term.
Eleuthero 750 mg three times daily was used for 6 weeks with apparent safety in one clinical trial (75028). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of eleuthero in children or adolescents when used long-term.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when goji fruit preparations are used orally and appropriately, short-term. Goji berry whole fruit, boiled or steamed, has been used with apparent safety at a dose of 15 grams daily for 16 weeks (105489). Other goji berry products have also been used with apparent safety in clinical research, including a specific goji fruit juice (GoChi, FreeLife International) 120 mL daily for 30 days (52532), a goji fruit polysaccharide 300 mg daily for 3 months (92117), and a specific milk-based formulation of goji berry (Lacto-Wolfberry, Nestlé Research Center) for 3 months (52539). There has been some concern about the atropine content of goji; however, most analyses show that levels of atropine in goji berries from China and Thailand are far below potentially toxic levels (52524,94667). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of oral use of other parts of the goji plant.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available.
Some animal research shows that goji fruit may stimulate the uterus (12). However, this has not been reported in humans. Until more is known, avoid using during pregnancy or lactation.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately, short-term. Hawthorn preparations in doses of up to 1800 mg daily seem to be safe when used for up to 16 weeks. Although hawthorn might be safe for long-term use, current studies have not evaluated safety past 16 weeks (8279,8280,8281,10144,17203,104689). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of hawthorn when used topically.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately, short-term (12). Senega extract has been used with apparent safety in clinical research at doses of 300 mg daily for 4-8 weeks (96991,96992).
POSSIBLY UNSAFE ...when used orally, long-term. Prolonged use can cause gastrointestinal irritation (12). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of senega when used topically.
PREGNANCY: LIKELY UNSAFE
when used orally; senega appears to have uterine and menstrual flow stimulant effects (12,19).
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of the topical use of senega during pregnancy.
LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
Below is general information about the interactions of the known ingredients contained in the product Goji Herb Tea. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
Theoretically, eleuthero may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Details
|
Theoretically, eleuthero might have additive effects when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Details
Animal research suggests that certain constituents of eleuthero have hypoglycemic activity in both healthy and diabetic animals (7591,73535,74932,74956,74988,74990). A small study in adults with type 2 diabetes also shows that taking eleuthero for 3 months can lower blood glucose levels (91509). However, one very small study in healthy individuals shows that taking powdered eleuthero 3 grams, 40 minutes prior to a 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test, significantly increases postprandial blood glucose levels when compared with placebo (12536). These contradictory findings might be due to patient-specific variability and variability in active ingredient ratios.
|
Theoretically, eleuthero might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Details
In vitro and animal research suggest that standardized extracts of eleuthero inhibit CYP1A2 (7532). This effect has not been reported in humans.
|
Theoretically, eleuthero might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
Details
In vitro and animal research suggest that standardized extracts of eleuthero might inhibit CYP2C9 (7532). This effect has not been reported in humans.
|
Theoretically, eleuthero might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Details
|
Theoretically, eleuthero might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Details
|
Eleuthero might increase serum digoxin levels and increase the risk of side effects.
Details
In one case report, a 74-year-old male who was stabilized on digoxin presented with an elevated serum digoxin level after starting an eleuthero supplement, without symptoms of toxicity. After stopping the supplement, serum digoxin levels returned to normal (543). It is not clear whether this was due to a pharmacokinetic interaction or to interference with the digoxin assay (15585). Although the product was found to be free of digoxin and digitoxin (543), it was not tested for other contaminants (797).
|
Theoretically, eleuthero might interfere with immunosuppressive drugs because of its immunostimulant activity.
Details
|
Theoretically, eleuthero might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by OATP.
Details
In vitro research suggests that eleuthero inhibits OATP2B1, which might reduce the bioavailability of oral drugs that are substrates of OATP2B1 (35450). Due to the weak inhibitory effect identified in this study, this interaction is not likely to be clinically significant.
|
Theoretically, eleuthero might increase levels of P-glycoprotein substrates.
Details
|
Theoretically, concomitant use of goji fruit polysaccharides or goji root bark with antidiabetes drugs might have additive effects.
Details
Animal and in vitro research show that goji root bark and fruit polysaccharides might have hypoglycemic effects (7126,92118,94667). However, clinical research has only shown that taking goji fruit polysaccharides with or without antidiabetes drugs modestly reduces postprandial glucose when compared with control, with no reports of hypoglycemia (92117).
|
Theoretically, concomitant use of goji root bark, but not goji fruit, with antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects.
Details
|
Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP2C19 and reduce metabolism of CYP2C19 substrates.
Details
In vitro research shows that goji berry tincture and juice inhibit CYP2C19 enzymes (105486). Concomitant use with goji may decrease metabolism and increase levels of CYP2C19 substrates. However, this has not been reported in humans.
|
Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP2C9 and reduce metabolism of CYP2C9 substrates.
Details
In vitro research shows that goji berry tincture and juice inhibit CYP2C9 enzymes (105486). Additionally, multiple case reports suggest that goji berry concentrated tea and juice inhibit the metabolism of warfarin, a CYP2C9 substrate (7158,105462). Concomitant use with goji may decrease metabolism and increase levels of CYP2C9 substrates.
|
Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP2D6 and reduce metabolism of CYP2D6 substrates.
Details
In vitro research shows that goji berry juice inhibits CYP2D6 enzymes (105486). Concomitant use with goji may decrease metabolism and increase levels of CYP2D6 substrates. However, this has not been reported in humans.
|
Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP3A4 and reduce metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Details
In vitro research shows that goji berry juice inhibits CYP3A4 enzymes (105486). Concomitant use with goji may decrease metabolism and increase levels of CYP3A4 substrates. However, this has not been reported in humans.
|
Theoretically, goji berry might increase the levels and clinical effects of flecainide.
Details
In one case report, a 75-year-old patient stable on flecainide and warfarin presented to the emergency room with fainting and pleomorphic arrhythmia caused by flecainide toxicity. Flecainide toxicity was attributed to drinking 1-2 glasses of concentrated goji tea daily for 2 weeks. Theoretically, goji may have inhibited the cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) metabolism of flecainide (105462).
|
Goji can increase the effects of warfarin and possibly increase the risk of bleeding.
Details
There are at least 5 case reports of increased international normalized ratio (INR) in patients stabilized on warfarin who began drinking goji juice, concentrated goji tea, or goji wine (7158,16529,23896,105462,105487). Goji may inhibit the metabolism of warfarin by cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) (7158).
|
Theoretically, hawthorn may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Details
In vitro and animal research shows that hawthorn can inhibit platelet aggregation (95528,95529,95530,95531). However, its effect in humans is unclear. One observational study shows that patients taking hawthorn shortly before undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery or valve replacement surgery have a 10% incidence of postoperative bleeding, compared with 1% in those who never consumed hawthorn extract (95527). However, clinical research shows that taking a specific preparation of dried hawthorn leaves and flowers (Crataesor, Soria Natural Lab) 800 mg three times daily for 15 days does not affect platelet aggregation or levels of thromboxane B2, the metabolite of thromboxane A2, in healthy humans (54664).
|
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive effects on blood pressure and heart rate.
Details
|
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilation and hypotensive effects.
Details
|
Theoretically, hawthorn might potentiate the effects and adverse effects of digoxin.
Details
|
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilatory effects.
Details
|
Theoretically, concomitant use might result in additive vasodilation and hypotension.
Details
Hawthorn might inhibit PDE-5 and cause vasodilation (12595).
|
Below is general information about the adverse effects of the known ingredients contained in the product Goji Herb Tea. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
General
...Orally, eleuthero root is generally well tolerated when used short-term.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Diarrhea, dyspepsia, gastrointestinal upset, headache, nausea, and urticaria.
Cardiovascular ...Orally, increased blood pressure has been reported in children with hypotension taking eleuthero in one clinical study (74980). Eleuthero has been reported to cause tachycardia, hypertension, and pericardial pain in patients with rheumatic heart disease or atherosclerosis. It is unclear if these effects were caused by eleuthero, or by the cardioglycoside-containing herb, silk vine (Periploca sepium), which is a common adulterant found in eleuthero products (12,797,6500).
Dermatologic ...Orally, eleuthero has been reported to cause rash in some clinical studies (75013,75028).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, eleuthero has been reported to cause dyspepsia, nausea, diarrhea, and gastrointestinal upset in some patients (74938,75028,91510).
Genitourinary ...Orally, mastalgia and uterine bleeding were reported in 7. 3% of females taking eleuthero 2 grams daily in one clinical study (6500,11099). These adverse effects seem to be more likely with higher doses.
Neurologic/CNS
...Orally, headaches have been reported in 9.
8% of people taking eleuthero in one clinical study (11099).
In one case report, a 53-year-old female developed spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with the use of an herbal supplement containing red clover, dong quai, and eleuthero (70419). It is unclear if this event was related to the use of eleuthero, the other ingredients, the combination, or another cause entirely.
Psychiatric ...Orally, nervousness has been reported in 7. 3% of people taking eleuthero in one clinical study (11099). Eleuthero has also been reported to cause slight anxiety, irritability, and melancholy in some patients (6500,11099). These adverse effects seem to be more likely to occur with higher doses.
General
...Orally, goji fruit seems to be well tolerated.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: Allergic reactions including anaphylaxis.
Dermatologic ...A case of photosensitivity secondary to consumption of goji berries has been reported. The patient presented with a pruriginous eruption that had lasted for 2 weeks. The patient had been taking goji berries for 5 months and cat's claw for 3 months. Upon testing, it was revealed that the patient tested positive to goji berries in a photoprovocation test, but not to cat's claw (40263).
Hepatic ...Orally, consumption of goji berries has been associated with a single case report of autoimmune hepatitis (52541). A case of acute hepatitis has also been reported in a female who consumed 2 ounces of a specific combination product (Euforia, Nuverus International) containing goji berry, pomegranate, curcumin, green tea, noni, acai berry, aloe vera, blueberry, resveratrol, mangosteen, and black seed, daily for one month. It is unclear whether the liver injury was caused by goji berry, other ingredients, or the combination (90125).
Immunologic ...Several cases of allergic reactions secondary to consumption of goji berries have been reported. Symptoms included facial angioedema with dyspnea, pharyngeal itching, itching in the mouth, ears, and axilla, labial angioedema, and perioral skin rash (92116). Anaphylaxis has also been reported (52538).
General
...Orally, hawthorn seems to be well tolerated when used appropriately.
Topically, no adverse effects have been reported, although a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: Multiorgan hypersensitivity reactions resulting in acute renal failure have been reported rarely.
Cardiovascular ...Orally, tachycardia (with facial pains) of uncertain relationship to hawthorn was reported in a multicenter clinical trial (54640). Palpitations (19244) were reported in three patients in a large surveillance trial of 3,664 patients with cardiac failure (54692) and in 11 patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) in a literature review of 5,577 patients (19247). Circulation failure has been reported in two patients with CHF in a literature review of 5,577 patients (19247). Incidences of hospitalization, hospitalization due to CHF, worsening of CHF, angina, and atrial fibrillation have also been reported with the use of hawthorn extract WS 1442 (Crataegutt forte), although it is unclear if these events are related to hawthorn supplementation or existing CHF (19222). In clinical trials, chest pain (8281), short-term increases in blood pressure (19240), and other non-specific heart problems (17203) have also been reported following the use of various hawthorn preparations (e.g. WS 1442, Korodin).
Dermatologic ...Orally, erythematous rash has been reported in patients with CHF in a literature review of 5,577 patients (19247). Non-specific rashes and itching (19222,19243) as well as toxiderma from the fruits of hawthorn (54670) have also been reported.
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, rare abdominal discomfort of uncertain relationship to hawthorn has been reported in a large clinical trial, surveillance study, and a literature review (19247,54640,54692). Digestive intolerance (19241), diarrhea (19243), flatulence (8281), gastroenteritis (8281), increased bowel movements (19243), obstipation (8281), mild and rare nausea (10144,19247,19244), nutritional and metabolic problems (17203), and other non-specific gastrointestinal effects (19222), have also been reported. Furthermore, gastrointestinal hemorrhage has been reported in two patients with CHF in a literature review of 5,577 patients (19247).
Musculoskeletal ...In clinical trials, arthritis (8281), back pain (8281), weakness (19243), and other non-specific musculoskeletal effects (19222) have been reported following the use of various hawthorn preparations g. WS 1442, CKBM-A01).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, headache and dizziness/vertigo were reported in two patients in a large surveillance trial of 3,664 patients with cardiac failure (54692), in 15 patients with CHF as reported in a literature review of 5,577 patients (19247), and in a varying number of clinical trial participants (8281,19222,19244). Incidences of fainting (19222), fever (17203), and infrequent, mild and transient sleepiness have also been reported (19221,54692).
Psychiatric ...Orally, agitation was reported in a large surveillance trial of 3,664 patients with cardiac failure (54692).
Pulmonary/Respiratory ...Orally, bronchitis has been reported following the use of hawthorn extract WS 1442 (8281).
Renal ...A case of multiorgan hypersensitivity reaction and acute renal failure following the consumption of C. orientalis has been reported (54654).
Other ...Flu-like syndrome (8281) and other non-specific infections have been reported following the use of the hawthorn extract WS 1442 (17203,19222). Hawthorn has also been reported to cause nosebleeds (8281,10144).
General ...Orally, senega seems to be well tolerated. The most common adverse effects are gastrointestinal irritation, dyspepsia, diarrhea, queasiness, vomiting, and dizziness. These adverse effects are usually associated with large doses or prolonged use (2,4,8,18,96992).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, senega can cause mild dyspepsia (96992). Prolonged use of senega can cause gastrointestinal irritation (2). Large doses of senega can cause diarrhea (8), queasiness (18), and vomiting (4).
Immunologic ...There is a case of IgE-mediated occupational asthma and rhinitis due to inhalation of senega powder (96987).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, large amounts of senega can cause dizziness (8).