Below is general information about the effectiveness of the known ingredients contained in the product STM Stomach Tea. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
Below is general information about the safety of the known ingredients contained in the product STM Stomach Tea. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately in amounts commonly found in foods. Bilberry has Generally Recognized As Safe status (GRAS) for use in foods in the US (4912).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately for medicinal purposes. Bilberry fruit extracts have been used with apparent safety in clinical trials at a dose of up to 160 mg daily for up to 6 months (39,40,8139,9739,14280,35472,35510,35512,103190,104192,104195). A higher bilberry extract dose of 1.4 grams daily has been used with apparent safety for up to 4 weeks (104194). Whole bilberries or bilberry juice have also been consumed with apparent safety in quantities of 100-160 grams daily for up to 35 days (35463,91506).
POSSIBLY UNSAFE ...when the leaves are used orally in high doses or for a prolonged period. Death can occur with chronic use of 1.5 gram/kg daily (2).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally in the amounts commonly found in foods.
However, there is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of bilberry when used in medicinal amounts during pregnancy and lactation; avoid using.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally in amounts commonly found in foods. Centaury has Generally Recognized As Safe status (GRAS) for use in foods and beverages in the US (4912). The maximum permitted concentration of centaury for use in beverages in the US is 0.0008% (4).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally in medicinal amounts, short-term (12). Centaury herb 36 mg daily, in combination with lovage and rosemary (Canephron N, Bionorica), has been used with apparent safety for 6 months (91726).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using centaury in amounts greater than those commonly found in foods.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally in amounts commonly found in foods. Sage is approved for use as a food in the United States (4912).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally in medicinal doses, short-term. Common sage (Salvia officinalis) and Spanish sage (Salvia lavandulaefolia) have been used with apparent safety when taken orally in doses of 280 mg daily for up to 8 weeks (10334,10810,17177,105338). ...when used topically. Common sage (Salvia officinalis) has been used with apparent safety as a single agent or in combination products for up to one week (10437,72619,107023). ...when the essential oil is inhaled as aromatherapy, short-term (72658).
POSSIBLY UNSAFE ...when used orally in high doses or long-term (12,1304). Some species of sage, including common sage (Salvia officinalis), contain a thujone constituent that can be toxic if consumed in large enough quantities (12,1304).
PREGNANCY: LIKELY UNSAFE
when used orally.
The constituent thujone can have menstrual stimulant and abortifacient effects (19).
LACTATION: POSSIBLY UNSAFE
when used orally; sage is thought to reduce the supply of mother's milk (19).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately. Tormentil extract has been used with apparent safety in doses of up to 3 grams daily for up to 3 weeks (12,78590). ...when used topically and appropriately (12).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
Below is general information about the interactions of the known ingredients contained in the product STM Stomach Tea. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
Theoretically, bilberry fruit extract might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
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Theoretically, bilberry leaf or fruit extract may increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
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Animal research suggests that bilberry leaf extract might have blood glucose-lowering activity (1264). Also, one small clinical trial in patients with type 2 diabetes shows that taking bilberry fruit extract 470 mg as a single dose prior to an oral glucose tolerance test lowers plasma glucose levels when compared with placebo (91507).
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Theoretically, bilberry fruit extract might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
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Animal research shows that exposure to small concentrations of bilberry extract in drinking water for around one month increased CYP2E1 activity by 31%. However, exposure over a 2-month period did not increase CYP2E1 activity (103191). This effect has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, bilberry fruit extract might reduce the efficacy of erlotinib.
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In vitro research suggests that bilberry fruit extract and its constituents, delphinidin and delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, inhibit the activity of erlotinib (97031). This interaction has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, sage might decrease the clinical effects of anticholinergic drugs.
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Theoretically, sage might interfere with the clinical effects of anticonvulsant drugs.
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Some species of sage can cause convulsions when consumed in large quantities (10812).
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Theoretically, taking sage with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
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In patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes, common sage (Salvia officinalis) has demonstrated hypoglycemic activity (91971,103380). However, other clinical research in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes shows that common sage extract does not lower fasting blood glucose levels (105340).
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Theoretically, sage might increase or decrease the effects of antihypertensive drugs.
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Animal research suggests that common sage (Salvia officinalis) can cause prolonged blood pressure reduction (4152). However, clinical research suggests that Spanish sage (Salvia lavandulaefolia) can increase blood pressure in some people with hypertension (10334). Until more is known, use with caution.
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Theoretically, taking sage might increase the sedative and adverse effects of benzodiazepines.
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In vitro evidence suggests that certain components of common sage (Salvia officinalis) can bind to benzodiazepine receptors (72588). This effect has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, sage might have additive effects when used with cholinergic drugs.
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Theoretically, taking sage might increase the sedative and adverse effects of CNS depressants.
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Some constituents of sage have CNS depressant activity (10334).
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Theoretically, sage might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
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In vitro evidence suggests that aqueous extracts of sage can inhibit CYP2C19 (10848). So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, sage might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
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In vitro evidence suggests that aqueous extracts of sage can inhibit CYP2C9 (10848). So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, sage might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
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Theoretically, sage might decrease the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
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Animal research suggests that drinking common sage (Salvia officinalis) tea increases the expression of CYP2E1 (72627). So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, sage might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
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Theoretically, sage might interfere with hormone therapy.
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In vitro evidence suggests that geraniol, a constituent of Spanish sage (Salvia lavandulaefolia), exerts estrogenic activity (39572). The clinical significance of this effect is unclear.
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Theoretically, sage might increase levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
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In vitro research suggests that common sage (Salvia officinalis) can inhibit the multi-drug transporter protein, P-glycoprotein (72641). This effect has not been reported in humans.
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Below is general information about the adverse effects of the known ingredients contained in the product STM Stomach Tea. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
General
...Orally, bilberry fruit, juice, and extracts seem to be well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Dark-colored stools, flatulence, and gastrointestinal discomfort.
Gastrointestinal
...In one small clinical trial, mild-to-moderate flatulence was reported in 33% of patients taking sieved bilberries and concentrated bilberry juice (91506).
However, the patients in this study had ulcerative colitis, and the study lacked a control group, limiting the validity of this finding. In another small clinical study of males with age-related cognitive impairment, temporary adverse gastrointestinal (GI) effects were reported in 13% of patients drinking a combination of bilberry and grape juice. However, the adverse GI effect rate was identical in patients drinking a placebo juice (110641). A post-marketing surveillance report of 2295 patients using bilberry extract (Tegens) found that 1% of patients complained of GI discomfort and less than 1% experienced nausea or heartburn (35500).
Theoretically, fresh bilberry fruit may have laxative effects. One clinical trial noted an increased frequency of bowel movements following the administration of a combination formulation containing aerial agrimony parts, cinnamon quills, powdered bilberry fruit, and slippery elm bark (35462). It is unclear if these effects were due to bilberry, other ingredients, or the combination.
Other ...Orally, bilberry may cause discoloration of feces and the tongue. In one study, a dark-bluish to black discoloration of both the feces and the tongue was observed following consumption of sieved bilberries and concentrated bilberry juice. In one patient, a slight discoloration of the teeth has also been observed (91506). In another study, 50% of patients reported dark green stools after taking bilberry extract 700 mg twice daily for 4 weeks (104194).
General ...No adverse effects have been reported. However, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.
General
...Orally, topically, and when inhaled, sage seems to be well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Abdominal pain, agitation, diarrhea, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting.
Topically: Burning, dermatitis, pain.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: Generalized tonic-clonic seizures associated with the thujone, camphor, and/or cineol constituents.
Cardiovascular ...By inhalation, sage essential oil has been reported to increase the blood pressure of hypertensive patients (10334).
Dermatologic
...Orally, sage extract has been reported to cause acneiform skin eruptions in one patient in a clinical trial (91970).
Topically, sage leaves can cause contact dermatitis (46902,72661,72710). Sage extract can cause burning and pain (10437).
Gastrointestinal
...Orally, sage can cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea (10810,17177).
Topically, sage extract sprayed into the mouth and throat can cause dryness or mild burning of the throat (72619).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, sage can cause dizziness or agitation (10810,17177). Thujone, a constituent of common sage (Salvia officinalis), is a neurotoxin and can cause seizures (10812,12868). Camphor and cineol, constituents of common sage and Spanish sage, can also cause neurotoxicity and seizures in high doses (10334,12868). Generalized tonic-clonic seizures have been reported in adults, children, and infants after ingestion of sage oil (12868,72666).
Pulmonary/Respiratory
...Orally, sage can cause wheezing (10810,17177).
Occupational exposure to sage dust can cause reduction in ventilatory capacity and chronic respiratory impairment (72672,72682,72686).
General
...Orally, tormentil seems to be well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Abdominal pain, heartburn, and a feeling of fullness.
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, tormentil has been reported to cause mild abdominal pain, heartburn, and feelings of fullness in one clinical trial. These adverse effects occurred at the same frequency for doses ranging from 1.2 grams daily to 3 grams daily (78590).