Below is general information about the effectiveness of the known ingredients contained in the product Enzymes. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
Below is general information about the safety of the known ingredients contained in the product Enzymes. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of mugwort when used orally or topically.
PREGNANCY: LIKELY UNSAFE
when used orally.
Mugwort is said to be an abortifacient and a menstrual and uterine stimulant (2,12).
LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
LIKELY SAFE ...when consumed in amounts commonly found in food. Myrrh is approved for use in foods as a flavoring agent in the US (11).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately in medicinal amounts, short-term. Myrrh 400 mg three times daily has been safely used for up to 12 months (93653,104593). Myrrh 500 mg three times daily has been used with apparent safety for 2 weeks (104840). ...when used topically and appropriately (2,4,5,11,18). As a diluted bath, myrrh has been used with apparent safety for up to 7 days (104838,104839).
POSSIBLY UNSAFE ...when used orally in excessive doses. Myrrh may cause kidney irritation and diarrhea when used in doses of 2-4 grams (12).
PREGNANCY: LIKELY UNSAFE
when used orally.
Myrrh stimulates uterine tone and blood flow and may have an abortifacient effect (4,12,19,93645). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of the topical use of myrrh during pregnancy.
LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
LIKELY SAFE ...when the leaf or essential oil is used orally in amounts commonly found in foods. Tarragon has Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status in the US (4912). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of tarragon when used orally or topically in medicinal amounts, or when used by inhalation for aromatherapy.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: LIKELY UNSAFE
Insufficient reliable information is available; avoid using.
Below is general information about the interactions of the known ingredients contained in the product Enzymes. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
Evidence from human and animal research suggests that catnip may have sedative properties (19,2596,40202,40204,40205). Theoretically, concomitant use with drugs with sedative properties may cause additive effects and side effects. Some CNS depressants are benzodiazepines, pentobarbital (Nembutal), phenobarbital (Luminal), secobarbital (Seconal), fentanyl (Duragesic, Sublimaze), morphine, zolpidem (Ambien), and others.
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Catnip is thought to have diuretic properties. Theoretically, due to these potential diuretic effects, catnip might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.
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Theoretically, myrrh might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Details
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Theoretically, myrrh might decrease the effectiveness of warfarin.
Details
In one case, a patient who was previously stable on warfarin had a significant decline in international normalized ratio (INR) following consumption of an aqueous extract of myrrh (14425).
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Evidence from in vitro research suggests that tarragon extract inhibits platelet aggregation and adhesion (49445,76932,77038). Theoretically, tarragon might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs. Some anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs include aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), dalteparin (Fragmin), enoxaparin (Lovenox), heparin, ticlopidine (Ticlid), warfarin (Coumadin), and others.
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Evidence from animal research suggests that tarragon essential oil can cause sedation and motor impairment when administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 1 mL/kg (77024). Theoretically, concomitant use of tarragon with CNS depressants, including antihistamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and tricyclic antidepressants, may increase sedative and other adverse effects.
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In vitro research suggests that tarragon extract inhibits monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A and MAO-B enzymes (106774). Theoretically, concomitant use with MAOIs might increase the effects and adverse effects associated with MAOIs.
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Below is general information about the adverse effects of the known ingredients contained in the product Enzymes. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
General ...Orally, catnip is generally well-tolerated when used in appropriate amounts. Consuming large amounts of tea may cause vomiting, and catnip abuse may result in headache and malaise (6). In one case, a toddler developed a stomachache and irritability, followed by lethargy and a hypnotic state, after ingesting raisins soaked in catnip tea and chewing on the tea bag (5,2596).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, large amounts of catnip might cause stomachache and vomiting (6,2596).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, taking too much catnip may result in headache and malaise (6). In one case, a toddler developed a stomachache and irritability, followed by lethargy and a hypnotic state, after ingesting raisins soaked in catnip tea and chewing on the tea bag (5,2596).
General
...Orally, adverse effects to mugwort seem to be rare; however, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
All ROAs: Allergic reactions.
Immunologic ...Allergy to mugwort pollen has been reported when taken orally or inhaled. Symptoms have included asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, rash, and anaphylaxis (567,3717,31341,35623,57474,63909,63915,63917,92852,92853)(101049,101050,101051,101052).
Psychiatric ...Orally, mania has been reported in a 49-year-old male following the intake of 1 liter of an infusion thought to contain mugwort. The presence of thujone in the patient's serum and urine was confirmed, and thujone poisoning was considered to be the cause of these symptoms. Although thujone levels are normally low in mugwort, concentrations can be variable. It was postulated that the mugwort infusion contained an unusually high amount of thujone. It was also considered to be possible that the metabolism of thujone was decreased in this particular patient or that the poisoning was related to the chronic intake of small amounts. However, a sample of the plant was not analyzed, and adulteration or contamination by a related species cannot be ruled out (101053).
General ...Information regarding the adverse effects of mullein is limited. A thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.
Dermatologic ...Two case reports have described dermatitis, with positive patch tests, after topical exposure to the whole plant, or by occupational inhalation of plant dust (92839,97316). In the case of topical exposure, the patient also had positive patch tests to other plants.
General
...Orally, myrrh seems to be well tolerated.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: Kidney impairment and heart rate changes at high doses.
Cardiovascular ...Orally, myrrh taken at doses of 2-4 grams may cause heart rate changes in some patients (12,19).
Dermatologic ...Topically, myrrh has been reported to cause dermatitis (6).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, myrrh may cause diarrhea in some patients when taken at doses of 2-4 grams (12,19).
Genitourinary ...Severe lower abdominal pain has been reported in a pregnant woman drinking myrrh resin dissolved in 500 mL of water twice daily as prescribed by a traditional practitioner. This adverse effect resolved one day after discontinuing myrrh. The investigators suggest that this acute abdominal pain was related to myrrh's activity as a uterine stimulant (93645).
Immunologic ...Orally, myrrh has been reported to cause severe allergic skin reactions, with redness, swelling, and itching, in two case reports of individuals using oral traditional Chinese medicines containing myrrh (101114).
Renal ...Orally, myrrh may cause kidney impairment in some patients when taken at doses of 2-4 grams (12,19).
General ...No adverse effects have been reported. However, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted. There is concern that long-term consumption of estragole, a constituent of tarragon, increases the risk for cancer. However, this risk has only been shown in animals (77046,77029,77042).