Two capsules contain: Blue Flag • Blue Malva • Blue vervain • Papaya leaf • Mullein .
Brand name products often contain multiple ingredients. To read detailed information about each ingredient, click on the link for the individual ingredient shown above.
Below is general information about the effectiveness of the known ingredients contained in the product PA Formula. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
There is insufficient reliable information available about the effectiveness of blue flag.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
Below is general information about the safety of the known ingredients contained in the product PA Formula. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
LIKELY UNSAFE ...when used orally; contraindicated in all but small doses (4). The fresh root can cause nausea, vomiting, and mucosal irritation (4,12). The blue flag oil is a mucous membrane irritant (4).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: LIKELY UNSAFE
when used orally (4,12); avoid using.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when mallow flower extract is used orally and appropriately, short-term. Mallow flower extract has been used with apparent safety in doses of 1 gram daily for 4 weeks (95897).
CHILDREN: POSSIBLY SAFE
when used topically and appropriately, short-term.
A cream containing mallow flower extract 5% has been applied with apparent safety twice daily in children for 4 weeks (106747).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally in amounts commonly found in foods. Orris root extract is classified as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) and is permitted to be used in food as a flavoring ingredient in the US (97997,112406). The GRAS classification for orris root extract does not cover use in dietary supplements or medicines (112406). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of the peeled and dried orris root when used orally or topically as a medicine (2).
POSSIBLY UNSAFE ...when the fresh root or juice is used orally or topically. It can cause severe mucosal and skin irritation (12).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally in amounts commonly found in foods. Verbena has Generally Recognized As Safe status (GRAS) for use in foods in the US (4912). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of verbena when used orally or topically in medicinal amounts.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of verbena in medicinal amounts during pregnancy and lactation; avoid using.
Below is general information about the interactions of the known ingredients contained in the product PA Formula. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
Theoretically, overuse or abuse of this product increases the risk of adverse effects from cardiac glycoside drugs.
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Overuse of blue flag might compound diuretic-induced potassium loss (19). There is some concern that people taking blue flag along with potassium depleting diuretics might have an increased risk for hypokalemia. Initiation of potassium supplementation or an increase in potassium supplement dose may be necessary for some patients. Some diuretics that can deplete potassium include chlorothiazide (Diuril), chlorthalidone (Thalitone), furosemide (Lasix), hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ, Hydrodiuril, Microzide), and others.
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Blue flag has stimulant laxative effects. In some people blue flag can cause diarrhea. Diarrhea can increase the effects of warfarin, increase international normalized ratio (INR), and increase the risk of bleeding. Advise patients who take warfarin not to take excessive amounts of blue flag.
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In vitro research suggests that beta-myrcene, a terpene constituents of verbena, can significantly inhibit cytochrome P450 2B1 (CYP2B1) enzyme activity (82024). Theoretically, verbena might increase levels of drugs metabolized by this enzyme. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Details
Some substrates of CYP2B1 include cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, barbiturates, bromobenzene, and others.
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Below is general information about the adverse effects of the known ingredients contained in the product PA Formula. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
General ...Orally, blue flag can cause nausea and vomiting, and the fresh root can irritate mucosa (4,19). Orally and topically, the volatile oil constituent of blue flag irritates mucous membranes and can cause lacrimation, eye inflammation, irritation of the throat, and headache (4).
Dermatologic ...Orally, the fresh blue flag root can irritate mucosa (4,19). Topically, the volatile oil constituent of blue flag irritates mucous membranes (4).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, blue flag can cause nausea and vomiting and the fresh blue flag root can irritate mucosa (4,19). The volatile oil constituent of blue flag irritates mucous membranes and can cause irritation of the throat (4).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, the volatile oil constituent of blue flag can cause headache (4).
Ocular/Otic ...Orally and topically, the volatile oil constituent of blue flag can cause lacrimation and eye inflammation (4).
General
...Orally, mallow seems to be well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Diarrhea, indigestion, nausea, vomiting.
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, mallow might cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and acid regurgitation (95895,95897).
Hepatic ...IIn a case report, a 36-year-old female developed hepatic failure after consuming mallow for dinner the day before. The patient received supportive care but died from liver failure (95894). There is insufficient information and analysis in the report to make a definitive conclusion about causality of the hepatotoxicity.
General ...Information regarding the adverse effects of mullein is limited. A thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.
Dermatologic ...Two case reports have described dermatitis, with positive patch tests, after topical exposure to the whole plant, or by occupational inhalation of plant dust (92839,97316). In the case of topical exposure, the patient also had positive patch tests to other plants.
General
...Orally, no adverse effects have been reported when the root is carefully peeled and dried.
However, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted. Orally and topically, the fresh plant juice or root may be unsafe.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
All routes of administration: The fresh plant juice or root can cause severe skin and mucosal irritation.
Dermatologic ...Topically, the fresh plant juice or root can cause severe skin and mucosal irritation (12,18). A case of allergic contact dermatitis has been reported in a 45-year-old atopic patient using a facial cream containing an extract of orris root (106685).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, the fresh plant juice or root can cause severe mucosal irritation, abdominal pain, vomiting, and bloody diarrhea (18).
General
...Orally, verbena is well tolerated when used orally in amounts commonly found in foods (4912).
When used in medicinal amounts and in combination with other herbs, adverse effects have included gastrointestinal adverse effects and allergic skin reactions (374,379).
Topically, verbena can cause contact dermatitis (13431).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, verbena in combination with other herbs can cause gastrointestinal adverse effects (374,379).
Immunologic ...Orally, verbena in combination with other herbs can cause allergic skin reactions (374,379). Topically, verbena can cause contact dermatitis (13431).