Ingredients | Amount per Serving |
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Proprietary Blend
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1260 mg |
(tip ends of branches)
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(flower)
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(bark)
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(herb)
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(root)
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Gelatin Note: capsule
Below is general information about the effectiveness of the known ingredients contained in the product RCY-C Comb. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
There is insufficient reliable information available about the effectiveness of hyssop.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
There is insufficient reliable information available about the effectiveness of yew.
Below is general information about the safety of the known ingredients contained in the product RCY-C Comb. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally in amounts commonly found in foods. Hyssop, hyssop oil, and hyssop extract have Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status in the US (4912). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of hyssop when used in medicinal amounts.
PREGNANCY: LIKELY UNSAFE
when used orally because it might cause uterine stimulant and menstrual stimulant effects (12).
LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
LIKELY SAFE ...when marshmallow root and leaf are used in amounts commonly found in foods. Marshmallow root has Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) status for use in foods in the US (4912).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when marshmallow root and leaf are used orally in medicinal amounts (4,12). ...when used topically (4,62020). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of marshmallow flower.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available.
POSSIBLY UNSAFE ...when used orally. The safety of pau d'arco in typical doses is unclear; however, serious toxicities have been found with high doses of the lapachol constituent (91939). In patients with cancer, doses of lapachol above 1.5 grams daily were associated with significant gastrointestinal toxicities and an increased risk of bleeding (91939). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of pau d'arco when used topically.
PREGNANCY: POSSIBLY UNSAFE
when used orally in typical doses.
Animal studies have found that lapachol, a constituent of pau d'arco, has teratogenic and abortifacient effects (68314,68315); avoid using. There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of pau d'arco when used topically in pregnancy; avoid using.
LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally in amounts commonly used in foods. Red clover has Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) status for use in foods in the US (4912,10372).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately in supplemental amounts. Red clover extracts containing up to 80 mg isoflavones have been used with apparent safety in clinical studies lasting up to 2 years (3375,6127,8925,11089,11091,17091,19540,19556,91524,102901,102840). ...when used topically and appropriately. Red clover extracts have been used topically with apparent safety for up to 4 weeks (102839).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally in amounts commonly found in foods (4912).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: POSSIBLY UNSAFE
when used orally in medicinal amounts.
Red clover has estrogenic activity (19555); avoid using. There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of the topical use of red clover during pregnancy and lactation.
LIKELY UNSAFE ...when used orally (6,18). All parts of the yew plant are considered poisonous (5604). Ingestion of 50-100 grams, or 0.6-1.3 grams/kg, of yew needles can cause death (18,5604,105514,105515). Yew can cause severe gastrointestinal irritation and can cause the heart to beat dangerously slow, fast, or irregularly (17,159,5604,86746,86756,100036,100037,100038,100039,100040,105514,105515). Many of the reported fatalities have occurred after ingestion of large amounts of plant material, especially yew needles (5603,5604,5605,86755,86756,86758,86763,100037,100041,105514,105515).
CHILDREN: UNSAFE
when the berries or needles are used orally.
One chewed berry is potentially lethal (159). Ingesting the berries or needles can cause the heart to beat dangerously slow or fast (86753,86760).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: UNSAFE
when the needles are used orally.
Yew needles have been used as an abortifacient (16,18).
Below is general information about the interactions of the known ingredients contained in the product RCY-C Comb. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
Theoretically, marshmallow flower might have antiplatelet effects.
Details
Animal research suggests that marshmallow flower extract has antiplatelet effects (92846). However, the root and leaf of marshmallow, not the flower, are the plant parts most commonly found in dietary supplements. Theoretically, use of marshmallow flower with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs can have additive effects, and might increase the risk for bleeding in some patients.
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Theoretically, due to potential diuretic effects, marshmallow might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
Details
Marshmallow is thought to have diuretic properties. To avoid lithium toxicity, the dose of lithium might need to be decreased when used with marshmallow.
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Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Details
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Theoretically, pau d'arco might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Details
In vitro research shows that pau d'arco reduces platelet aggregation and may interfere with vitamin K (18057,68319). One clinical study shows that taking the lapachol constituent of pau d'arco in doses above 1.5 grams daily increases the risk of bleeding (91939). The effects of whole pau d'arco or pau d'arco extract in humans are unclear.
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Although some laboratory research suggests that red clover may have anticoagulant and antiplatelet activity, clinical research has not shown this effect.
Details
In vitro research suggests that genistein in red clover has antiplatelet effects, and historically, red clover was thought to have anticoagulant effects due to its coumarin content. However, some experts state that this is unlikely as most natural coumarins have not been shown to have anticoagulant effects, and their content in red clover is low (17091,19557,19558,19559). Additionally, some clinical research in postmenopausal patients found no effect on coagulation or prothrombin time with the use of red clover flowering tops 378 mg daily for 12 months or red clover isoflavone (Rimostil) 50 mg daily for 2 years (17091,91524).
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Theoretically, soy might reduce the clearance of caffeine; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Details
Red clover contains genistein. Taking genistein 1 gram daily for 14 days seems to inhibit caffeine clearance and metabolism in healthy females (23582). However, this effect does not seem to occur with the lower amounts of genistein found in red clover. A clinical study in healthy postmenopausal individuals shows that taking red clover capsules standardized to contain 60 mg isoflavones twice daily for 14 days does not affect the pharmacokinetics of caffeine (105693).
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Theoretically, red clover might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Details
In vitro evidence shows that red clover inhibits CYP1A2 (12479). However, a clinical study in healthy postmenopausal individuals shows that taking red clover capsules standardized to contain 60 mg isoflavones twice daily for 14 days does not affect the pharmacokinetics of caffeine, a CYP1A2 probe substrate (105693).
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Theoretically, red clover might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
Details
In vitro evidence suggests that red clover weakly inhibits CYP2C19 (12479). This interaction has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, red clover might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Details
In vitro evidence suggests that red clover might inhibit CYP2C9 (12479). However, a clinical study in healthy postmenopausal individuals shows that taking red clover capsules standardized to contain 60 mg isoflavones twice daily for 14 days does not affect the pharmacokinetics of tolbutamide, a CYP2C9 probe substrate (105693).
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Theoretically, red clover might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Details
In vitro evidence shows that red clover might inhibit CYP3A4 isoenzymes (6450,12479). However, a clinical study in healthy postmenopausal individuals shows that taking red clover capsules standardized to contain 60 mg isoflavones twice daily for 14 days does not affect the pharmacokinetics of alprazolam, a CYP3A4 probe substrate (105693).
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Theoretically, concomitant use of large amounts of red clover might interfere with estrogen therapy.
Details
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Theoretically, red clover might increase the risk of methotrexate toxicity.
Details
In a case report, a 52-year-old female receiving weekly methotrexate injections for psoriasis developed symptoms of methotrexate toxicity, including severe vomiting and epigastric pain, after three days of taking red clover 430 mg daily. Toxicity resolved after red clover was discontinued. However, no liver function tests or methotrexate levels were reported (91522).
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Theoretically, the phytoestrogens in red clover might interfere with tamoxifen.
Details
In vitro and animal research suggests that genistein, a constituent of red clover, might antagonize the antitumor effects of tamoxifen (8192). However, there is some evidence from an animal study that red clover does not reduce the efficacy of tamoxifen (102901). Until more is known, tell patients taking tamoxifen to avoid red clover.
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Below is general information about the adverse effects of the known ingredients contained in the product RCY-C Comb. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
General ...No adverse effects have been reported. However, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted. There is some concern that hyssop oil has demonstrated toxicity at very low doses when administered orally in animal studies (1304).
General ...Orally and topically, no adverse effects have been reported. However, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.
General ...A thorough evaluation of safety outcomes with pau d'arco has not been conducted. However, taking the lapachol constituent of pau d'arco in doses above 1.5 grams daily is regarded as unsafe.
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, the lapachol constituent of pau d'arco, taken in doses above 1. 5 grams daily, may cause severe nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea (91939).
Hematologic ...Orally, the lapachol constituent of pau d'arco, taken in doses above 1. 5 grams daily, may cause anemia and increased risk of bleeding (91939).
Immunologic ...Occupational exposure to sawdust from the pau d'arco tree and related species may cause asthma and dermatitis. The fresh sawdust can produce erythema and papules which progress to a severe weeping and crusting dermatitis (92184).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, the lapachol constituent of pau d'arco, taken in doses above 1. 5 grams daily, may cause dizziness (91939).
General
...Orally and topically, red clover seems to be well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Myalgia, nausea, and vaginal spotting.
Dermatologic ...Orally, a specific red clover isoflavone product (Promensil) has been associated with mild cases of psoriasis and thrush, although a direct causal link has not been established (9552).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, red clover has been reported to cause nausea (8194).
Genitourinary ...In human research, 80 mg, but not 40 mg, of a specific red clover isoflavone product (Promensil) increased the duration of menstrual cycles in patients with mastalgia (9552). Red clover has also been reported to cause vaginal spotting (8194).
Hematologic ...In one case report, a 53-year-old female had a spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with the use of an herbal supplement containing red clover, dong quai, and eleuthero. It is not clear if this was due to red clover, another ingredient, the combination of ingredients, or other factors (70419). In another case report, a 55-year-old female with protein S deficiency and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) had temporary vision loss in the left eye from hemiretinal vein thrombosis 3 days after taking a combination phytoestrogen product containing red clover 250 mg, wild yam 276 mg, dong quai 100 mg, and black cohosh 250 mg (13155). It is unclear if red clover contributed to this event.
Musculoskeletal ...Orally, red clover has been reported to cause myalgia (8194).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, a specific red clover isoflavone product (Medoflavon) has been associated with headache, although with a similar frequency to placebo (19545).
Oncologic ...Due to potential estrogenic effects of red clover isoflavones, there has been some concern that red clover might increase the risk of estrogen-sensitive cancers such as breast cancer or uterine cancer. A meta-analysis of 8 clinical trials suggests that increased intake of red clover- and soy-derived isoflavones may modestly increase mammographic breast density in premenopausal, but not postmenopausal, adults when compared with placebo. However, in a sub-group analysis assessing only isolated red clover isoflavones, there was no change in breast density (70428). Furthermore, a 2015 review by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reported no increase in risk of breast cancer in females taking isoflavone-containing supplements (91725). Similarly, no effect was found on endometrial thickness and histopathological changes in the uterus after up to 36 months of supplementation with 40-120 mg daily of isoflavones from red clover extract (91725).
General ...Orally, symptoms of yew poisoning include queasiness, dry mouth, (18) vomiting, vertigo, severe abdominal pain, weakness (5604,5605,100036,100037,100038,100039,100040,105514,105515), nervousness, trembling, dyspnea, incoordination (5603), tachycardia, bradycardia, arrhythmias, ventricular fibrillation, hypotension, unconsciousness, coma (5604,86746,86756,100036,100038,100039,100040,105514,105515), dizziness, seizures (100038,105514), respiratory depression (100037), mydriasis, reddening of the lips, pale and cyanotic skin (6,18,5605), and death secondary to cardiac arrest (5604,105514,105515). Usually, gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms occur early, within 30-90 minutes, followed by cardiovascular symptoms and death within 24 hours (100038,105515). Some people are allergic to yew following airborne exposure (86745,100014).
Cardiovascular
...Orally, symptoms of yew poisoning include tachycardia, bradycardia, arrhythmias, hypotension, ventricular fibrillation, and death due to cardiac arrest (5604,86746,86756,100036,100038,100039,100040,105514,105515).
Usually, gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms occur early, within 30-90 minutes, followed by cardiovascular symptoms and death within 24 hours (100038,105514,105515).
Treatment is usually related to supportive care, however, arrhythmias are often resistant to standard pharmacologic treatments and transvenous or external pacemakers (100040,105514,105515). Lipid emulsion therapy and digoxin-binding antibodies have also been used to treat yew poisoning, but the effects are unclear (105514). Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) has been used as a bridge during taxine elimination and cardiac recovery (100039,100040,105514). VA ECMO has typically been used for 72 hours or less (105514).
Dermatologic ...Orally, symptoms of yew poisoning include reddening of the lips and pale and cyanotic skin (6,18,5605).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, initial symptoms of yew poisoning include queasiness, dry mouth, (18) nausea, vomiting, and severe abdominal pain (5604,5605,100036,100037,100038,100039,100040,105514,105515). Usually, gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms occur early, within 30-90 minutes, followed by cardiovascular symptoms and death within 24 hours (100038,105515).
Immunologic ...There is at least one known case of a patient with yew allergy associated with airborne exposure to yew trees (100014). Based on this case report, it was also determined that people who are allergic to yew might become hypersensitive to docetaxel, which is derived from yew (100014). Pollen from yew has caused nasal allergy in 18 patients (86745).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, symptoms of yew poisoning include vertigo, weakness (5604), nervousness, trembling, loss of coordination (5603), unconsciousness, coma (5604,100036,105515), dizziness, seizures (100038,105514), respiratory depression (100037), and mydriasis (6,18). Usually, gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms occur early, within 30-90 minutes, followed by cardiovascular symptoms and death within 24 hours (100038,105515).
Pulmonary/Respiratory ...Orally, symptoms of yew poisoning include dyspnea (5603).