Each 5 mL serving contains: Ambra Grisea D7 • Aurum Metallicum D10 • Avena sativa D1 • Chininum Arsenicosum D7 • Convallaria majalis D1 • Crataegus rhipidophylla D1 • Equisetum Hiemale D1 • Hamamelis virginiana D1 • Kalmia Latifolia D5 • Melissa officinalis D7 • Selenicereus grandiflorus (cactus grandiflorus) D1 • Spigelia Anthelmia D7 • Veratrum album D7 • Alcohol 16%.
Brand name products often contain multiple ingredients. To read detailed information about each ingredient, click on the link for the individual ingredient shown above.
This is a homeopathic preparation. Homeopathy is a system of medicine established in the 19th century by a German physician named Samuel Hahnemann. Its basic principles are that "like treats like" and "potentiation through dilution." For example, in homeopathy, diarrhea would be treated with an extreme dilution of a substance that normally causes diarrhea when taken in high doses.
Practitioners of homeopathy believe that more dilute preparations are more potent. Many homeopathic preparations are so diluted that they contain little or no active ingredient. Therefore, most homeopathic products are not expected to have any pharmacological effects, drug interactions, or other harmful effects. Any beneficial effects are controversial and cannot be explained by current scientific methods.
Dilutions of 1 to 10 are designated by an "X." So a 1X dilution = 1:10, 3X=1:1000; 6X=1:1,000,000. Dilutions of 1 to 100 are designated by a "C." So a 1C dilution = 1:100; 3C = 1:1,000,000. Dilutions of 24X or 12C or more contain zero molecules of the original active ingredient.
Homeopathic products are permitted for sale in the US due to legislation passed in 1938 sponsored by a homeopathic physician who was also a Senator. The law still requires that the FDA allow the sale of products listed in the Homeopathic Pharmacopeia of the United States. However, homeopathic preparations are not held to the same safety and effectiveness standards as conventional medicines. For more information, see the Homeopathy monograph.
Below is general information about the effectiveness of the known ingredients contained in the product Procordal Plus. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
There is insufficient reliable information available about the effectiveness of cereus.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
There is insufficient reliable information available about the effectiveness of mountain laurel.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
There is insufficient reliable information available about the effectiveness of pink root.
There is insufficient reliable information available about the effectiveness of white hellebore.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
Below is general information about the safety of the known ingredients contained in the product Procordal Plus. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when the flower or stem is used orally for non-cardiac conditions (12). Although it contains cactine, which may have a digitalis-like effect, there are no reports of human toxicity (12).
POSSIBLY UNSAFE ...when used orally to self-medicate for cardiac conditions. There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of cereus for its other uses.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately, short-term. Hawthorn preparations in doses of up to 1800 mg daily seem to be safe when used for up to 16 weeks. Although hawthorn might be safe for long-term use, current studies have not evaluated safety past 16 weeks (8279,8280,8281,10144,17203,104689). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of hawthorn when used topically.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
POSSIBLY UNSAFE ...when horsetail products containing thiaminase are used orally, long-term. Thiaminase is an enzyme that destroys thiamine, which could theoretically lead to thiamine deficiency. In Canada, horsetail products are required to be thiaminase-free (105301).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally in amounts commonly found in foods. Lemon balm has Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status in the US (4912).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately, short-term. Lemon balm extract has been used with apparent safety at a dose of 500 mg daily for 6 months or at a dose of 3000 mg daily for 2 months (9993,9994,104435,104435,110136). ...when used topically and appropriately, short-term. Lemon balm 1% dried leaf extract has been used up to 4 times daily with apparent safety for a few days (790,9995).
CHILDREN: POSSIBLY SAFE
when used orally and appropriate, short-term.
A single dose of lemon balm extract 3-6 mg/kg has been safely used in children aged 6-7 years (19525). A specific combination product providing lemon balm leaf extract 80 mg and valerian root extract 160 mg (Euvegal forte, Dr. Willmar Schwabe Pharmaceuticals) 1-2 tablets once or twice daily has been safely used in children under 12 years of age for 30 days (14416). In infants up to 4 weeks old, multi-ingredient products (ColiMil, ColiMil Plus) containing lemon balm 64-97 mg daily have been used with apparent safety for up to 7 days (16735,96278).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
POSSIBLY UNSAFE ...when the standardized extract is used orally (2,12). Medical supervision and monitoring may reduce the risk for serious safety events; however, botanical cardiac glycosides are generally not recommended for use. Poor oral absorption of the cardiac glycosides in lily-of-the-valley can reduce the risk of poisoning (18), but the number of glycosides and their varied properties makes therapeutic use difficult (7).
LIKELY UNSAFE ...when the whole plant is ingested. Lily-of-the-valley is considered poisonous (12).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: LIKELY UNSAFE
when used orally for self-medication (12).
Avoid using.
UNSAFE ...when used orally. Mountain laurel leaf is not only an irritant, but can also lead to cardiac arrest, respiratory failure, and death (18). There is insufficient reliable information available about safety of the topical use of mountain laurel.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: UNSAFE
when used orally (18).
There is insufficient reliable information available about safety of mountain laurel for topical use; avoid using.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately in food amounts (4960,4969,5792,5797). Oat bran has Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status in the US (4912). Whole grain oats 50-100 grams daily have been used for up to 1 year without serious adverse effects (97520).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used topically and appropriately (12). Lotion containing colloidal oat 1% has been used topically without adverse effects for up to 6 weeks (97518,103340). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of oats when used orally in medicinal amounts.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally in food amounts (5792,5797).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately, short-term (12).
POSSIBLY UNSAFE ...when fresh root is used or when use is not accompanied by catharsis (12).
PREGNANCY: LIKELY UNSAFE
when used orally.
For pink root to be effective, it must be used along with a purgative laxative. However, purgative laxative use is contraindicated during pregnancy (272). For this reason, pink root should not be used in pregnancy.
LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
LIKELY UNSAFE ...when used orally. All plant parts are considered toxic (6). Between 10-20 mg of alkaloids (1-2 grams of rhizome/root) are lethal (6,18). ...when used topically. Toxic alkaloids can be absorbed through intact skin (6,18).
PREGNANCY: LIKELY UNSAFE
when used orally or topically because it could be teratogenic (6); avoid using.
LACTATION: LIKELY UNSAFE
when used orally or topically (6); avoid using.
LIKELY SAFE ...when witch hazel water is used topically and appropriately (272).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately (12). In high doses, tannins in witch hazel bark can cause liver damage (8). The volatile oil contains safrole, a known carcinogen, but in amounts too small for concern (4).
CHILDREN: POSSIBLY SAFE
when applied topically and appropriately (67795).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
Below is general information about the interactions of the known ingredients contained in the product Procordal Plus. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
Cereus may potentiate the actions of cardiac glycosides and may enhance the effect of other cardiac drugs (6002).
|
Theoretically, excessive doses of cereus may interact with MAOIs, because of the tyramine content (4).
|
Theoretically, hawthorn may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Details
In vitro and animal research shows that hawthorn can inhibit platelet aggregation (95528,95529,95530,95531). However, its effect in humans is unclear. One observational study shows that patients taking hawthorn shortly before undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery or valve replacement surgery have a 10% incidence of postoperative bleeding, compared with 1% in those who never consumed hawthorn extract (95527). However, clinical research shows that taking a specific preparation of dried hawthorn leaves and flowers (Crataesor, Soria Natural Lab) 800 mg three times daily for 15 days does not affect platelet aggregation or levels of thromboxane B2, the metabolite of thromboxane A2, in healthy humans (54664).
|
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive effects on blood pressure and heart rate.
Details
|
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilation and hypotensive effects.
Details
|
Theoretically, hawthorn might potentiate the effects and adverse effects of digoxin.
Details
|
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilatory effects.
Details
|
Theoretically, concomitant use might result in additive vasodilation and hypotension.
Details
Hawthorn might inhibit PDE-5 and cause vasodilation (12595).
|
Theoretically, taking horsetail with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Details
|
Theoretically, taking horsetail with diuretic drugs might increase potassium loss and the risk of hypokalemia.
Details
Laboratory research shows that various species of horsetail have diuretic properties (13574,13575). Due to its diuretic effects, there has been concern that taking horsetail along with potassium-depleting diuretics might increase the risk for hypokalemia. However, pharmacokinetic research in humans shows that taking horsetail 900 mg daily for 4 days does not affect urinary excretion of electrolytes, including potassium and sodium, despite having a diuretic effect similar to taking hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg daily (92288). It is unclear if taking horsetail for a longer duration would affect electrolyte levels. Until more is known, use with caution.
|
Theoretically, horsetail might decrease the levels and clinical effects of efavirenz.
Details
In two case reports, patients were found to have detectable viral loads when taking horsetail-containing supplements along with an antiretroviral regimen that included efavirenz. In one case, the antiretroviral regimen included zidovudine, lamivudine, and efavirenz; in the other case, the regimen consisted of emtricitabine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and efavirenz. One month after discontinuing horsetail, the viral loads became undetectable in both cases. The exact mechanism of this interaction is unknown (97573). It is also unclear if this interaction is specific to efavirenz or if it is related to various components of antiretroviral therapy.
|
Theoretically, horsetail might increase the levels and adverse effects of lithium.
Details
Animal research suggests that horsetail has diuretic properties (13574). Theoretically, due to these potential diuretic effects, horsetail might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.
|
Theoretically, horsetail might decrease the levels and clinical effects of NRTIs.
Details
In two case reports, patients were found to have detectable viral loads when taking horsetail-containing supplements along with an antiretroviral therapy. In one case, the antiretroviral regimen included zidovudine, lamivudine, and efavirenz; in the other case, the regimen consisted of emtricitabine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and efavirenz. One month after discontinuing the supplement, the viral loads became undetectable in both cases. The exact mechanism of these interactions is unknown (97573). It is also unclear if these interactions are specific to NRTIs or if they are related to various components of antiretroviral therapy.
|
Theoretically, concomitant use of lemon balm might have additive effects with CNS depressant drugs.
Details
|
Theoretically, lemon balm might interfere with thyroid hormone replacement therapy.
Details
In vitro, constituents of lemon balm extract bind to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), preventing TSH receptor-binding and leading to the inhibition of TSH-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity (19727,19728). In animals, lemon balm extract has been shown to decrease levels of circulating TSH and inhibit thyroid secretion (19726).
|
Theoretically, using lily-of-the-valley with prolonged corticosteroid therapy can cause cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Details
Lily-of-the-valley contains cardiac glycosides (2). Concomitant, long-term corticosteroid use can increase the risk of cardiac glycoside toxicity due to potassium depletion and electrolyte imbalance.
|
Using lily-of-the-valley with digoxin can cause cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Details
Lily-of-the-valley contains cardiac glycosides (2). Use of the cardiac glycoside digoxin and lily-of-the-valley concomitantly increases the risk of cardiac glycoside toxicity.
|
Theoretically, using lily-of-the-valley with diuretics can increase the risk of cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Details
Lily-of-the-valley contains cardiac glycosides. Concomitant use of potassium depleting diuretics and lily-of-the-valley can increase the risk of cardiac glycoside toxicity due to potassium depletion and electrolyte imbalance (506).
|
Theoretically, lily-of-the-valley can increase levels of lithium and increase toxicity.
Details
Lily-of-the-valley is thought to have diuretic properties (18). Theoretically, due to these potential diuretic effects, lily-of-the-valley might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.
|
Theoretically, using lily-of-the-valley with macrolide antibiotics can increase the risk of cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Details
Macrolide antibiotics appear to increase the gastrointestinal absorption of oral digoxin. Theoretically, concomitant use of macrolide antibiotics might increase the absorption of the cardiac glycosides found in lily-of-the-valley (17).
|
Theoretically, using lily-of-the-valley with quinine can increase the risk of cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Details
Quinine may reduce the clearance of oral digoxin. Theoretically, concomitant use of quinine with lily-of-the-valley might reduce the clearance of cardiac glycosides found in lily-of-the-valley and increase the risk of toxicity (506).
|
Theoretically, using lily-of-the-valley with stimulant laxatives can increase the risk of cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Details
Lily-of-the-valley contains cardiac glycosides. The overuse of stimulant laxatives can increase the risk of cardiac glycoside toxicity with lily-of-the-valley due to potassium depletion (19).
|
Theoretically, using lily-of-the-valley with tetracycline antibiotics might increase the risk of cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Details
Tetracycline antibiotics appear to increase the gastrointestinal absorption of oral digoxin, a cardiac glycoside. Theoretically, concomitant use of tetracycline antibiotics might increase the absorption of the cardiac glycosides found in lily-of-the-valley (17).
|
Theoretically, oats may have additive effects with antidiabetic agents and might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Details
|
Concomitant use of oats and insulin might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Details
In patients with insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes, taking oats 100 grams daily for 2 days reduces the insulin dose required to achieve metabolic control (103336).
|
Below is general information about the adverse effects of the known ingredients contained in the product Procordal Plus. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
General
...Orally, hawthorn seems to be well tolerated when used appropriately.
Topically, no adverse effects have been reported, although a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: Multiorgan hypersensitivity reactions resulting in acute renal failure have been reported rarely.
Cardiovascular ...Orally, tachycardia (with facial pains) of uncertain relationship to hawthorn was reported in a multicenter clinical trial (54640). Palpitations (19244) were reported in three patients in a large surveillance trial of 3,664 patients with cardiac failure (54692) and in 11 patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) in a literature review of 5,577 patients (19247). Circulation failure has been reported in two patients with CHF in a literature review of 5,577 patients (19247). Incidences of hospitalization, hospitalization due to CHF, worsening of CHF, angina, and atrial fibrillation have also been reported with the use of hawthorn extract WS 1442 (Crataegutt forte), although it is unclear if these events are related to hawthorn supplementation or existing CHF (19222). In clinical trials, chest pain (8281), short-term increases in blood pressure (19240), and other non-specific heart problems (17203) have also been reported following the use of various hawthorn preparations (e.g. WS 1442, Korodin).
Dermatologic ...Orally, erythematous rash has been reported in patients with CHF in a literature review of 5,577 patients (19247). Non-specific rashes and itching (19222,19243) as well as toxiderma from the fruits of hawthorn (54670) have also been reported.
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, rare abdominal discomfort of uncertain relationship to hawthorn has been reported in a large clinical trial, surveillance study, and a literature review (19247,54640,54692). Digestive intolerance (19241), diarrhea (19243), flatulence (8281), gastroenteritis (8281), increased bowel movements (19243), obstipation (8281), mild and rare nausea (10144,19247,19244), nutritional and metabolic problems (17203), and other non-specific gastrointestinal effects (19222), have also been reported. Furthermore, gastrointestinal hemorrhage has been reported in two patients with CHF in a literature review of 5,577 patients (19247).
Musculoskeletal ...In clinical trials, arthritis (8281), back pain (8281), weakness (19243), and other non-specific musculoskeletal effects (19222) have been reported following the use of various hawthorn preparations g. WS 1442, CKBM-A01).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, headache and dizziness/vertigo were reported in two patients in a large surveillance trial of 3,664 patients with cardiac failure (54692), in 15 patients with CHF as reported in a literature review of 5,577 patients (19247), and in a varying number of clinical trial participants (8281,19222,19244). Incidences of fainting (19222), fever (17203), and infrequent, mild and transient sleepiness have also been reported (19221,54692).
Psychiatric ...Orally, agitation was reported in a large surveillance trial of 3,664 patients with cardiac failure (54692).
Pulmonary/Respiratory ...Orally, bronchitis has been reported following the use of hawthorn extract WS 1442 (8281).
Renal ...A case of multiorgan hypersensitivity reaction and acute renal failure following the consumption of C. orientalis has been reported (54654).
Other ...Flu-like syndrome (8281) and other non-specific infections have been reported following the use of the hawthorn extract WS 1442 (17203,19222). Hawthorn has also been reported to cause nosebleeds (8281,10144).
General
...There is limited clinical research evaluating the safety of horsetail.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Abdominal distension, increased bowel movements, and nausea.
Dermatologic ...In one case report, a patient developed seborrheic dermatitis after topical application of horsetail, requiring treatment with local epinephrine and oral antihistamines. The nicotine component of horsetail was determined to be the likely cause of this reaction (13563).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, horsetail has been associated with mild gastrointestinal side effects including abdominal distension, increased frequency of bowel movements, and nausea (55576). Orally, chronic consumption of horsetail infusion has been associated with acute pancreatitis. In a case report, a 56-year-old female presenting with recurrent mild acute pancreatitis every 6-7 months, previously thought to be drug-induced, discontinued ingesting horsetail infusions. The patient had a history of bilateral adrenal gland removal and was being treated for hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hormone replacement, and then self-medicated with horsetail infusions. After discontinuing horsetail infusions, there were no further recurrences of pancreatitis during a 14-month follow-up (97574).
Hepatic ...In one case report, a patient with asymptomatic hepatitis B developed symptomatic liver failure following consumption of boiled horsetail juice 500 mL daily for 2 weeks. Liver enzymes returned to normal following discontinuation of the juice (92291). It is not known if the horsetail juice was contaminated or mixed with other ingredients.
Immunologic ...Horsetail has been associated with cross-allergenicity with carrots (13577).
Renal ...There are at least 4 case reports of hyponatremia thought to be at least partially associated with horsetail consumption. In one case report, an elderly patient who had taken oral horsetail 15 mg daily for 10 years presented with hyponatremia and syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secondary to reduced oral intake and nausea for the previous 2 days. Horsetail was thought to be a contributing factor. The patient's symptoms resolved after 5 days of treatment with oral sodium chloride and fluid restriction (108851).
Other ...Crude horsetail contains thiaminase, which can cause thiamine deficiency with prolonged consumption. Canadian Equisetum arvense products are required to be certified as free from thiaminase-like activity (55579,105301). In one case report, the development of autism in a child exposed to both horsetail and alcohol during pregnancy was thought to be caused by thiamine deficiency attributed to this combination (92292). However, it is not known if other genetic or environmental factors were involved in the development of this condition in utero.
General
...Orally, lemon balm seems to be well tolerated in food amounts and larger, medicinal amounts.
Topically, lemon balm seems to be well tolerated.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: Wheezing has been rarely reported.
Cardiovascular ...Orally, a case of transient complete atrioventricular block and QT prolongation is reported in a 25-year-old female following the post-workout use of a specific product (Muscle Eze Advanced) containing lemon balm and several other ingredients. Symptoms of fatigue and lightheadedness started 1 week into use of the product. Product discontinuation led to restoration of normal sinus rhythm within 24 hours and normalization of the electrocardiogram within 2 weeks (112556). It is unclear whether this occurrence is due to lemon balm, other ingredients, or the combination.
Dermatologic ...Topically, lemon balm 1% cream applied 5 times daily to cold sores has been associated with two cases of irritation and one case of cold sore exacerbation. However, these effects do not appear to occur more often with lemon balm than with placebo (790).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, lemon balm might increase appetite in some patients (91732,104433). Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain have been reported rarely and do not seem to occur more often than in patients taking placebo (9993).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, lemon balm has been reported to cause dizziness and sedation; however, it does not seem to occur more often with lemon balm than placebo (9993,104433). Additionally, other clinical research shows that using lemon balm in conjunction with alcohol does not affect reaction time or influence cognitive performance (19427,19723).
Pulmonary/Respiratory ...Orally, lemon balm has been associated with rare cases of wheezing (9993).
General
...When used orally without the supervision of a healthcare professional, lily-of-the-valley is unsafe.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally, lily-of-the-valley can cause cardiac arrhythmias.
Cardiovascular ...Orally, lily-of-the-valley can cause cardiac arrhythmias (2).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, lily-of-the-valley can cause nausea and vomiting (2).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, lily-of-the-valley can cause headache and stupor (18). Visual color disturbances can also occur (18).
General ...Orally, mountain laurel can result in painful oral and gastric mucous membranes, increased salivation, cold sweat, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and paresthesias (18). Dizziness; headache; fever attacks; and intoxicated states with temporary loss of vision, muscle weakness, coordination disorders, and spasms can also develop. Bradycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, drop in blood pressure, eventual cardiac arrest, and respiratory failure can lead to death (18).
General
...Orally, oats are well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Abdominal distension, bloating, flatulence, and unpleasant taste.
Topically: Burning, contact dermatitis, itching, and redness.
Dermatologic ...Topically, oat-containing preparations can cause contact dermatitis (12515). Redness, burning, and itchiness have also been reported (103340).
Gastrointestinal
...When consumed orally, oats provide fiber.
Increasing fiber in the diet can cause flatulence, bloating, abdominal distention, and unpleasant taste. To minimize side effects, doses should be slowly titrated to the desired level. These adverse effects usually subside with continued use (12514).
In patients who have difficulty chewing food, or those with conditions that decrease small bowel motility, oat bran may cause bezoars (concretions) and intestinal obstruction. Oats and oat bran are unlikely to cause obstruction without other causative factors (4979,4985).
General
...Orally and topically, white hellebore is generally regarded as unsafe for any use.
Any benefits of therapy do not outweigh the risk of toxicity.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Abdominal pain, blurred vision, bradycardia, confusion, headache, hypotension, nausea, muscle weakness, vomiting.
Topically: Skin irritation.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: Arrythmias, blindness, gastric erosion, loss of consciousness, paralysis, respiratory depression, seizures, severe bradycardia, severe hypotension, shock
Cardiovascular ...Orally, white hellebore can cause bradycardia and hypotension. Large doses of white hellebore can cause more severe bradycardia and hypotension and even cardiac arrythmias (6,553,95892,95893,101431,109467).
Dermatologic ...Topically, white hellebore can cause skin irritation (18).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, white hellebore is toxic and usually causes nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Symptoms occur 15-30 minutes after ingestion (553,95893,101431,109467). White hellebore can also cause a burning sensation in the upper abdomen, salivation, and gastric erosion (6,553).
Musculoskeletal ...Orally, white hellebore is toxic and can cause muscle weakness. In large doses it can cause paralysis (101431).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, white hellebore is toxic and can cause vertigo, confusion, numbness, headache, paresthesia, seizures, loss of consciousness, and shock (553,101431,95893).
Ocular/Otic ...Orally, white hellebore is toxic and can cause blurred and dim vision, and transitional blindness in case reports (101431,95893).
Pulmonary/Respiratory
...Orally, white hellebore is toxic and can cause respiratory depression in large doses (6,101431).
By inhalation, the powdered root induces violent sneezing and runny nose (6).
General
...Witch hazel contains tannins.
The leaf contains 8% to 10% tannins, while the bark contains up to 12% (512,10377,93894).Orally, plants with at least 10% tannins can cause gastrointestinal disturbances, kidney damage, and necrotic conditions of the liver (12). Some evidence suggests that tannins might cause cancer; other evidence shows tannins may prevent it (12). Regular consumption of herbs with high tannin concentrations correlates with increased incidence of esophageal or nasal cancer (12).
Topically, witch hazel can cause contact dermatitis, redness, and burning (6,67795,86505).
Dermatologic ...Topically, witch hazel can cause contact dermatitis (6,86505). A small number of people develop redness or burning (67795).
Gastrointestinal ...Witch hazel contains tannins, with the leaf containing 8% to 10% tannins and the bark containing up to 12% tannins (512,10377,93894). Orally, plants with at least 10% tannins can cause gastrointestinal disturbances (12).
Hepatic ...Witch hazel contains tannins, with the leaf containing 8% to 10% tannins and the bark containing up to 12% tannins (512,10377,93894). Orally, plants with at least 10% tannins can cause necrotic conditions of the liver (12).
Oncologic ...Witch hazel contains tannins, with the leaf containing 8% to 10% tannins and the bark containing up to 12% tannins (512,10377,93894). Some evidence suggests that tannins might cause cancer; other evidence shows tannins may prevent it (12). Regular consumption of herbs with high tannin concentrations correlates with increased incidence of esophageal or nasal cancer (12).
Renal ...Witch hazel contains tannins, with the leaf containing 8% to 10% tannins and the bark containing up to 12% tannins (512,10377,93894). Orally, plants with at least 10% tannins can cause kidney damage (12).