One bar (51 grams) contains: Protein 3 grams • Date Paste • Almonds • Walnuts • Chia Seeds • Cashews • Apple (treated with Ascorbic Acid an Citric Acid) • Cinnamon • Sea Salt . Contains: Almond, Walnut, Cashew.
Brand name products often contain multiple ingredients. To read detailed information about each ingredient, click on the link for the individual ingredient shown above.
Below is general information about the effectiveness of the known ingredients contained in the product ProBar Fuel (Apple Pie flavor). Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
Below is general information about the safety of the known ingredients contained in the product ProBar Fuel (Apple Pie flavor). Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally in food amounts. Eating apples and consuming apple juice is safe for most people. Apples are a common food source (3470,3472). However, eating apple seeds should be avoided because they can be toxic (6).
CHILDREN: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally in food amounts.
Eating apples and consuming apple juice is safe for most people. Apples are a common food source (3470,3472).
CHILDREN: POSSIBLY SAFE
when apple pectin is used orally and appropriately, short-term.
Preliminary clinical research suggests that combination products containing apple pectin and German chamomile (Diarrhoesan) are safe when used in infants for up to one week (19705,19706).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of apple in amounts greater than those found in foods during pregnancy and lactation; avoid using.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used in amounts commonly found in foods. Cashew has Generally Recognized As Safe status (GRAS) for use in foods in the US (4912).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately in medicinal amounts. Cashew has resulted in mild adverse effects when consumed in amounts providing approximately 11% of kilocalories for up to 4 weeks (101085).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of medicinal amounts of cashew during pregnancy and lactation; avoid using.
LIKELY SAFE ...when date palm fruit is used orally in amounts commonly found in foods.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when date palm pollen is used orally and appropriately, short-term. Date palm pollen powder has been used with apparent safety at a dose of 120 mg/kg every other day for up to 2 months or at a dose of 2 grams daily for up to 6 weeks (98654,98655). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of date palm fruit in medicinal amounts.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information; avoid using in amounts greater than those commonly found in foods.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately. Sodium is safe in amounts that do not exceed the Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams daily (100310). Higher doses can be safely used therapeutically with appropriate medical monitoring (26226,26227).
POSSIBLY UNSAFE ...when used orally in high doses. Tell patients to avoid exceeding the CDRR intake level of 2.3 grams daily (100310). Higher intake can cause hypertension and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (26229,98176,98177,98178,98181,98183,98184,100310,109395,109396,109398,109399). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of sodium when used topically.
CHILDREN: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately (26229,100310).
Sodium is safe in amounts that do not exceed the CDRR intake level of 1.2 grams daily for children 1 to 3 years, 1.5 grams daily for children 4 to 8 years, 1.8 grams daily for children 9 to 13 years, and 2.3 grams daily for adolescents (100310).
CHILDREN: POSSIBLY UNSAFE
when used orally in high doses.
Tell patients to avoid prolonged use of doses exceeding the CDRR intake level of 1.2 grams daily for children 1 to 3 years, 1.5 grams daily for children 4 to 8 years, 1.8 grams daily for children 9 to 13 years, and 2.3 grams daily for adolescents (100310). Higher intake can cause hypertension (26229).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately.
Sodium is safe in amounts that do not exceed the CDRR intake level of 2.3 grams daily (100310).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: POSSIBLY UNSAFE
when used orally in higher doses.
Higher intake can cause hypertension (100310). Also, both the highest and the lowest pre-pregnancy sodium quintile intakes are associated with an increased risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia, and the delivery of small for gestational age (SGA) infants when compared to the middle intake quintile (106264).
LIKELY SAFE ...when used in amounts commonly found in foods. Sweet almond is commonly eaten as a food (99937,99938,99939,99941). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of sweet almond when used orally or topically in medicinal amounts.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using in amounts greater than those commonly found in foods.
Below is general information about the interactions of the known ingredients contained in the product ProBar Fuel (Apple Pie flavor). Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
Concomitant consumption of apple juice can significantly decrease oral absorption and blood levels of aliskiren.
Details
Pharmacokinetic research shows that coadministration of apple juice 200 mL along with aliskiren 150 mg decreases the bioavailability of aliskiren by 63% (17670). Apple juice seems to inhibit organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP), which is involved in drug uptake in the gut, liver, and kidney (7046,94413). It is thought that apple juice might affect OATP for only a short time. Therefore, separating drug administration and consumption of apple juice by at least 4 hours might avoid this interaction (17603,17604).
|
Theoretically, consuming apple juice with antidiabetes drugs might interfere with blood glucose control.
Details
Clinical research suggests that consuming apples or drinking apple juice can raise blood glucose levels, with the effects of drinking apple juice being more significant than consuming apples (31699).
|
Consuming apple juice with antihypertensive drugs might interfere with blood pressure control.
Details
Some clinical evidence suggests that consuming apple and cherry juice can increase blood pressure in elderly patients (31680).
|
Concomitant consumption of apple juice can significantly decrease oral absorption and blood levels of atenolol.
Details
Pharmacokinetic research shows that coadministration of apple juice 600-1200 mL decreases levels of atenolol by 58% to 82% in a dose-dependent manner (17999). Apple juice seems to inhibit organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP), which is involved in drug uptake in the gut, liver, and kidney (7046). It is thought that apple juice might affect OATP for only a short time. Therefore, separating drug administration and consumption of apple juice by at least 4 hours might avoid this interaction (17603,17604).
|
Concomitant consumption of apple juice can significantly decrease oral absorption and blood levels of fexofenadine.
Details
Pharmacokinetic research shows that coadministration of apple juice 400-1200 mL along with fexofenadine 60-120 mg decreases bioavailability of fexofenadine by up to 78% (7046,94413). Coadministration with smaller quantities of apple juice (150 mL or less) does not appear to affect the bioavailability of fexofenadine (94421). Apple juice seems to inhibit organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP), which is involved in drug uptake in the gut, liver, and kidney (7046,94413). It is thought that apple juice might affect OATP for only a short time. Therefore, separating drug administration and consumption of apple juice by at least 4 hours might avoid this interaction (17603,17604).
|
There is some concern that concomitant consumption of apple juice might decrease oral absorption and blood levels of lithium.
Details
In one case report, a patient had an undetectable serum lithium level when lithium citrate was administered with apple juice. When lithium was administered with an alternative beverage, the lithium level became detectable and the patient demonstrated clinical improvement (105342).
|
Concomitant consumption of apple juice can significantly decrease oral absorption and blood levels of OATP substrates.
Details
Research shows that consuming apple juice inhibits OATP, which reduces bioavailability of oral drugs that are substrates of OATP (7046,17605). Fexofenadine, atenolol, and aliskiren are substrates of OATP. Clinical research shows that coadministration of apple juice decreases bioavailability of fexofenadine by up to 78% (7046,94413), aliskiren by 63% (17670), and atenolol by up to 82% (17999). These effects appear to increase with larger quantities of apple juice. It is thought that apple juice might affect OATP for only a short time. Therefore, separating drug administration and consumption of apple juice by at least 4 hours might avoid this interaction (17603,17604).
|
Eating a diet that consists of high amounts of cashew might increase fasting blood glucose levels (40133). However, other evidence shows that eating 30 grams of cashew daily does not significantly affect glycemic measures (101084). Until more is known, use with caution in combination with antidiabetes drugs. Theoretically, concomitant use might reduce the effects of antidiabetes drugs. Dosing adjustments for insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents may be necessary.
Details
Oral hypoglycemic drugs include glimepiride (Amaryl), glipizide (Glucotrol), glyburide (Diabeta, Micronase), tolazamide (Tolinase), tolbutamide (Orinase), and others.
|
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Details
|
Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Details
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone (4425).
|
Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
Details
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion (26225). Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate (26224,26225). Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L (112909). Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.
|
Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
Details
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population (100310). Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.
|
Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Details
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia (29406). Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.
|
Below is general information about the adverse effects of the known ingredients contained in the product ProBar Fuel (Apple Pie flavor). Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
General
...Orally, apple fruit is well tolerated.
Apple seeds, which contain cyanide, may cause serious adverse effects when consumed in large amounts.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Bloating, flatulence.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: Allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. Ingestion of large amounts of apple seeds may cause cyanide poisoning, leading to death.
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, apple products, including whole apples, apple puree, and apple juice, may cause bloating and flatulence in some people (104184).
Immunologic ...Patients allergic to other fruits in the Rosaceae family, including apricot, almond, plum, peach, pear, and strawberry, can also be allergic to apples (7129). Rarely, the allergy has resulted in anaphylaxis (94425).
Other ...Orally, ingestion of large amounts of apple seeds, which contain hydrogen cyanide (HCN), may cause cyanide poisoning, leading to death. One death is attributed to ingestion of a cupful of apple seeds. To release cyanide, seeds must be hydrolyzed in the stomach, and several hours may elapse before poisoning symptoms occur (6).
General
...Orally, cashew nuts may cause constipation, bloating, weight gain, fatigue and feelings of malaise, or worsening joint pain in some patients, but these side effects are rare (101085).
Very large intakes of the cashew nut or pseudofruit have resulted in oxalate nephropathy in case reports (101086,101087,106926).
Orally and topically, cashew nut can cause allergic responses in some patients (40106,40109,40116,40123,40131,40135,40142,40149,40153,40157)(101082,101088,101090).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, adverse effects possibly or probably related to cashew nuts have included cases of constipation and bloating (101085). However, these side effects are rare.
Hematologic ...Orally, consumption of large amounts of cashew nuts (approximately 200 grams daily for over 6 months) is thought to be responsible for the development of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) in a 59-year-old adult who consumed large amounts of cashew for its supposed weight loss effects. Cashew nut oil contains L-tryptophan, and dietary supplements containing L-tryptophan historically have been associated with cases of EMS (106927).
Immunologic
...Orally, there are numerous reports of cashew nut allergy.
Symptoms have included asthma, hives, swelling, wheezing, gastrointestinal symptoms, and shortness of breath (40106,40109,40123,40131,40135,101082,101088,101090).
Topically, contact with cashew can lead to redness and nodule and blister formation. Alkyl phenols contained in the cashew nut shell are strong skin irritants, similar to alkyl phenols found in poison ivy, poison oak, mango, and ginkgo. Roasted cashew nuts are free of the alkyl phenols (18,40116,40142,40149,40153,40157).
Musculoskeletal ...Orally, adverse effects possibly or probably related to cashew nuts have included cases of worsened arthritis and gout (101085). However, these side effects are rare.
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, adverse effects possibly or probably related to cashew nuts have included cases of fatigue and general malaise (101085). However, these side effects are rare.
Renal ...Orally, very large intakes of the cashew nut or pseudofruit have resulted in oxalate nephropathy in case reports (101086,101087,106926). Large amounts of cashew nuts, such as a single intake of 480 grams or consumption of up to 150 grams daily for 4 months, is thought to be responsible for reports of nephropathy related to calcium oxalate crystals in some older adults (101086,106926). In one such case, baseline insufficient dietary calcium was thought to play a role in the promotion of the oxalate crystals (101086). In another case report of a 59-year-old adult, the high vitamin C content of the cashew pseudofruit was thought to be responsible for the development of oxalate nephropathy and severe acute tubular necrosis. The patient reported eating five cashew pseudofruits daily, as well as drinking approximately 1000 mL daily of juice made from the fruit. He did not consume the nuts (101087).
Other ...Orally, adverse effects possibly or probably related to cashew nuts have included weight gain (101085).
General ...Orally, date palm fruit is safe when consumed as a food. It has been reported to cause allergic reactions (30204). Orally, date palm pollen appears to be generally well tolerated (98654,98655). When inhaled, allergy to date palm pollen is fairly common (30207,47102).
Immunologic ...By inhalation, date palm pollen has been reported to cause allergic rhinitis, wheezing, rhinoconjunctivitis, and bronchial asthma (30207,47102). Orally, date palm fruit has been reported to cause allergic reactions (30204).
General
...Orally, sodium is well tolerated when used in moderation at intakes up to the Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level.
Topically, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: Worsened cardiovascular disease, hypertension, kidney disease.
Cardiovascular
...Orally, intake of sodium above the CDRR intake level can exacerbate hypertension and hypertension-related cardiovascular disease (CVD) (26229,98176,100310,106263).
A meta-analysis of observational research has found a linear association between increased sodium intake and increased hypertension risk (109398). Observational research has also found an association between increased sodium salt intake and increased risk of CVD, mortality, and cardiovascular mortality (98177,98178,98181,98183,98184,109395,109396,109399). However, the existing research is unable to confirm a causal relationship between sodium intake and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; high-quality, prospective research is needed to clarify this relationship (100312). As there is no known benefit with increased salt intake that would outweigh the potential increased risk of CVD, advise patients to limit salt intake to no more than the CDRR intake level (100310).
A reduction in sodium intake can lower systolic blood pressure by a small amount in most individuals, and diastolic blood pressure in patients with hypertension (100310,100311,106261). However, post hoc analysis of a small crossover clinical study in White patients suggests that 24-hour blood pressure variability is not affected by high-salt intake compared with low-salt intake (112910). Additionally, the available research is insufficient to confirm that a further reduction in sodium intake below the CDRR intake level will lower the risk for chronic disease (100310,100311). A meta-analysis of clinical research shows that reducing sodium intake increases levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides, but not low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, by a small amount (106261).
It is unclear whether there are safety concerns when sodium is consumed in amounts lower than the adequate intake (AI) levels. Some observational research has found that the lowest levels of sodium intake might be associated with increased risk of death and cardiovascular events (98181,98183). However, this finding has been criticized because some of the studies used inaccurate measures of sodium intake, such as the Kawasaki formula (98177,98178,101259). Some observational research has found that sodium intake based on a single 24-hour urinary measurement is inversely correlated with all-cause mortality (106260). The National Academies Consensus Study Report states that there is insufficient evidence from observational studies to conclude that there are harmful effects from low sodium intake (100310).
Endocrine ...Orally, a meta-analysis of observational research has found that higher sodium intake is associated with an average increase in body mass index (BMI) of 1. 24 kg/m2 and an approximate 5 cm increase in waist circumference (98182). It has been hypothesized that the increase in BMI is related to an increased thirst, resulting in an increased intake of sugary beverages and/or consumption of foods that are high in salt and also high in fat and energy (98182). One large observational study has found that the highest sodium intake is not associated with overweight or obesity when compared to the lowest intake in adolescents aged 12-19 years when intake of energy and sugar-sweetened beverages are considered (106265). However, in children aged 6-11 years, usual sodium intake is positively associated with increased weight and central obesity independently of the intake of energy and/or sugar-sweetened beverages (106265).
Gastrointestinal ...In one case report, severe gastritis and a deep antral ulcer occurred in a patient who consumed 16 grams of sodium chloride in one sitting (25759). Chronic use of high to moderately high amounts of sodium chloride has been associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer (29405).
Musculoskeletal
...Observational research has found that low sodium levels can increase the risk for osteoporosis.
One study has found that low plasma sodium levels are associated with an increased risk for osteoporosis. Low levels, which are typically caused by certain disease states or chronic medications, are associated with a more than 2-fold increased odds for osteoporosis and bone fractures (101260).
Conversely, in healthy males on forced bed rest, a high intake of sodium chloride (7.7 mEq/kg daily) seems to exacerbate disuse-induced bone and muscle loss (25760,25761).
Oncologic ...Population research has found that high or moderately high intake of sodium chloride is associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer when compared with low sodium chloride intake (29405). Other population research in patients with gastric cancer has found that a high intake of sodium is associated with an approximate 65% increased risk of gastric cancer mortality when compared with a low intake. When zinc intake is taken into consideration, the increased risk of mortality only occurred in those with low zinc intake, but the risk was increased to approximately 2-fold in this sub-population (109400).
Pulmonary/Respiratory ...In patients with hypertension, population research has found that sodium excretion is modestly and positively associated with having moderate or severe obstructive sleep apnea. This association was not found in normotensive patients (106262).
Renal ...Increased sodium intake has been associated with impaired kidney function in healthy adults. This effect seems to be independent of blood pressure. Observational research has found that a high salt intake over approximately 5 years is associated with a 29% increased risk of developing impaired kidney function when compared with a lower salt intake. In this study, high salt intake was about 2-fold higher than low salt intake (101261).
General
...Orally, when consumed as food, sweet almond is well tolerated.
Orally and topically, when used as medicine, adverse effects from sweet almond seem to be rare; however, a thorough safety evaluation has not been conducted.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Allergic reactions.
Topically: Dermatitis, itching.
Dermatologic ...Topically, itching, dermatitis, and worsening eczema have been reported in a clinical trial (101788).
Immunologic ...Tree nuts, which include almonds, can cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Due to the prevalence of this allergy in the general population, tree nuts are classified as a major food allergen in the United States (105410).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, adverse effects to sweet almond extract in syrup have included increased sleep (101783).
Other ...Orally, adverse effects to sweet almond extract in syrup have included increased appetite (101783).