| Ingredients | Amount Per Serving |
|---|---|
|
Organic Mushroom Blend
|
600 mg |
|
(Trametes versicolor )
|
|
|
(Agaricus blazei )
|
|
|
(Grifolia frondosa )
|
|
|
(Cordyceps sinensis )
(Bionectria ochroleuca)
|
|
|
(Hericium erinaceus )
|
|
|
(Ganoderma lucidum )
|
|
|
(Lentinula edodes )
|
|
|
(Astragalus membranaceus )
(root)
(min 70% Polysaccharides)
(Astragalus root extract (Form: min 70% Polysaccharides) PlantPart: root Genus: Astragalus Species: membranaceus )
|
600 mg |
Cellulose powder, Cellulose Note: capsule, Silica, Magnesium Stearate Note: vegetable source
Below is general information about the effectiveness of the known ingredients contained in the product NKC. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
Below is general information about the safety of the known ingredients contained in the product NKC. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately. Agaricus mushroom extract has been safely used in doses up to 1500 mg daily for up to 12 months (15404,15421,94715,94716,94719,94721). A specific agaricus lyophilized powder product (Sen-Sei-Ro Powder Gold, Kyowa Wellness Co., Ltd.) has been safely used in doses up to 5.4 grams daily for 6 months (17185).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately. Doses of astragalus up to 60 grams daily for up to 4 months have been used without reported adverse effects (32920,33038,95909). ...when used intravenously. Infusion of doses up to 80 grams daily for up to 4 months under the supervision of a medical professional have been used with apparent safety (32811,32812,32828,95909). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of astragalus when used topically.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
There is insufficient reliable information in humans.
However, astragaloside, a constituent of astragalus, has maternal and fetal toxic effects in animals (32881). Avoid using.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately as extracts. A maitake mushroom extract 3 mg/kg twice daily has been used safely for up to 12 weeks (92843). Doses up to 5 mg/kg twice daily of another maitake mushroom extract have been used safely for up to 3 weeks (61239). Maitake mushroom polysaccharides (MMP) 1-1.5 grams daily have also been used safely for up to 2 years (8188).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when an extract of reishi mushroom is used orally and appropriately for up to one year (12,5485,70767,70774,70786,70799,70800,70801,70802). ...when whole powdered reishi mushroom is used orally and appropriately for up to 16 weeks (70776,70799,70800,70801,91433,91435,91436,91437,108309).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using
LIKELY SAFE ...when consumed in typical food amounts (6).
POSSIBLY SAFE .... ..when the shiitake mushroom extract AHCC is used orally and appropriately. AHCC 4.5-6 grams daily has been used with apparent safety in clinical trials lasting up to 6 months (22926,30419). Population research identified no safety concerns with the use of AHCC 3 grams daily for up to 9 years (30353,94830).
POSSIBLY UNSAFE ...when shiitake mushroom powder is used orally in medicinal amounts. Ingestion of shiitake mushroom powder 4 grams daily for 10 weeks can cause eosinophilia (1149). ...when uncooked shiitake mushroom is ingested. The lentinan component, which is broken down by heat, can cause toxic reactions, including shiitake dermatitis (94354).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid consuming greater than food amounts.
LIKELY SAFE ...when turkey tail mushroom is used orally and appropriately (5477). ...when polysaccharide krestin (PSK) and polysaccharide peptide (PSP) isolates of turkey tail mushroom are used orally and appropriately (1635,1636,1640,1641,1648,1649,1650,1651,1652,1653,1654) (1655,1656,1657,1658,1659,1660,1661,1662,70167,70168,70171,70188,70200,94076). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of turkey tail mushroom when used topically or intravaginally.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
Below is general information about the interactions of the known ingredients contained in the product NKC. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
Theoretically, taking agaricus mushroom with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
 Details
In one clinical study in patients with type 2 diabetes who are stabilized on conventional oral hypoglycemic agents, 3 of 29 patients taking an agaricus mushroom extract 500 mg three times daily for 12 weeks reported hypoglycemia, compared to one of 29 patients in the placebo group (15421).
|
Theoretically, taking astragalus with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Details
|
Theoretically, astragalus might interfere with cyclophosphamide therapy.
Details
|
Theoretically, astragalus might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Details
|
Theoretically, astragalus might increase levels and adverse effects of lithium.
Details
Animal research suggests that astragalus has diuretic properties (15103). Theoretically, due to this diuretic effect, astragalus might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
|
Theoretically, cordyceps may increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Details
|
Theoretically, concurrent use of cordyceps might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Details
Animal and in vitro research suggests that cordyceps stimulates the immune system (3403,3404,3414,3431,3432). However, limited clinical research suggests that taking cordyceps may lower the necessary therapeutic dose of the immunosuppressant cyclosporine (92828), which suggests that cordyceps may have an immunosuppressive effect.
|
Theoretically, concurrent use of cordyceps and testosterone might have additive effects.
Details
Animal research suggests that cordyceps can increase testosterone levels (46087). The clinical significance of this finding is unclear.
|
Theoretically, lion's mane mushroom may increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.
Details
In vitro research suggests that lion's mane mushroom extracts can inhibit platelet aggregation (92619).
|
Theoretically, lion's mane mushroom may have additive effects when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Details
Animal research suggests that an aqueous extract of lion's mane mushroom can reduce serum glucose and increase serum insulin (91996).
|
Theoretically, concurrent use of lion's mane mushroom might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Details
|
Theoretically, combining maitake mushroom with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Details
Clinical research shows that taking maitake mushroom polysaccharide (MMP) can lower blood glucose levels in patients with types 2 diabetes (8188).
|
Theoretically, combining maitake mushroom with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Details
|
There is limited evidence that maitake mushroom may increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
Details
In a case report, a patient previously stabilized on warfarin developed an elevated international normalized ratio (INR) of 5.1 after taking maitake mushroom (Grifron-Pro Maitake D-Fraction) 1 drop/kg daily in three divided doses for one week. The elevated INR resolved after holding warfarin for two days, then reducing the dose by 11%. It is thought that the beta-glucan constituent of maitake mushroom might cause warfarin dissociation from proteins, resulting in increased free warfarin levels and increased warfarin effects (17209).
|
Theoretically, high doses of reishi mushroom might increase the risk of bleeding.
Details
|
Theoretically, reishi mushroom might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs.
Details
|
Theoretically, concurrent use of reishi mushroom with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Details
|
Theoretically, shiitake mushroom might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Details
|
Theoretically, taking shiitake mushroom might decrease the effects of immunosuppressive therapy.
Details
|
Theoretically, taking turkey tail mushroom with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Details
|
Theoretically, the polysaccharide peptide (PSP) component of turkey tail mushroom might increase exposure to cyclophosphamide.
Details
Some animal research shows that the PSP component of turkey tail mushroom can increase the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of cyclophosphamide by 44% to 50% and the half-life by 34% to 43% (96569). This interaction could potentially increase the effects and adverse effects of cyclophosphamide. However, it is not known whether PSP affects the levels of the active metabolites of cyclophosphamide that are responsible for its clinical activity.
|
Theoretically, the polysaccharide peptide (PSP) component of turkey tail mushroom might inhibit CYP2C9.
Details
Laboratory research suggests that the PSP component of turkey tail mushroom dose-dependently inhibits CYP2C9 (94075). Theoretically, taking PSP with drugs metabolized by CYP2C9 might increase drug levels and the risk of adverse effects. However, this has not been reported in humans.
|
Theoretically, the polysaccharide peptide (PSP) component of turkey tail mushroom might interfere with the absorption of tamoxifen.
Details
Animal research suggests that PSP increases the time to reach maximum concentration of a single dose of tamoxifen by about 9.5 hours, or 228%. When repeated doses of tamoxifen were given, the time to reach maximum concentration was increased by about 5.6 hours, or 93%. However, PSP did not affect the maximum concentration or the area under the curve of tamoxifen (108308).
|
Below is general information about the adverse effects of the known ingredients contained in the product NKC. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
General
...Orally, agaricus mushroom is generally well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, and nausea.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: Allergic reactions, hepatotoxicity, interstitial lung disease (ILD).
Gastrointestinal ...In one clinical trial, mild gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal discomfort were reported in 6 of 78 patients taking a specific agaricus powder product , Ltd.) 1.8-5.4 grams orally daily for 60 days. The causal relationship between this agaricus mushroom product and the associated gastrointestinal adverse effect was determined to be possible or probable in each case (17185).
Hepatic ...Three cases of severe hepatotoxicity have been reported in females with ovarian or breast cancer receiving chemotherapy who also took agaricus mushroom supplements. Two of the patients had increases in liver function tests a few days after starting agaricus mushroom, which then progressed rapidly to fatal, fulminant hepatitis. One of these patients was also an asymptomatic carrier of hepatitis B virus. In the third case, liver function improved when agaricus mushroom was stopped, worsened when it was restarted, and then recovered fully when the supplement was stopped permanently (16458).
Immunologic ...An allergic reaction has been reported in a female who took a specific agaricus powder product , Ltd.) 1.8 grams daily by mouth for 2 months. The patient developed an urticarial papular rash which resolved when the product was discontinued (17185). Allergic contact cheilitis was also reported in a patient taking a homemade agaricus mushroom extract orally. The reaction resolved upon discontinuation of agaricus mushroom (94720).
Pulmonary/Respiratory ...There is one case report of interstitial lung disease associated with the use of agaricus mushroom for approximately one month in a male with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma being treated with gemcitabine. Drug-induced lymphocyte stimulation test (DLST) was positive for agaricus mushroom extract and not gemcitabine. Pneumonitis improved upon discontinuation of agaricus mushroom (108313).
General
...Orally and intravenously, astragalus root seems to be well tolerated.
Topically, no adverse effects have been reported. However, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: A case report raises concerns about liver and kidney cysts with astragalus use.
Cardiovascular ...Orally, astragalus has reportedly been associated with lacunar angina in one clinical trial. However, this may not have been caused by astragalus (17355). In addition, rapid intravenous administration of astragalus has resulted in temporary palpitations (32812).
Dermatologic ...Intravenously, astragalus may cause rash, eczema, and pruritus (33034).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, astragalus has reportedly been associated with enterocolitis and nausea in one clinical trial. However, these effects may not have been caused by astragalus (17355).
Genitourinary ...Orally, astragalus has reportedly been associated with vulvitis in one clinical trial. However, this effect may not have been caused by astragalus (17355).
Hepatic ...A case of high serum CA19-9 levels and small liver and kidney cysts has been reported for a 38-year-old woman who drank astragalus tea daily for one month. Levels returned to normal after one month, and cysts disappeared after ten months. Both symptoms returned following a resumption of astragalus use. The authors state that astragalus was the likely cause given the temporal relationship (90658).
Neurologic/CNS ...Rapid intravenous administration of astragalus has resulted in temporary dizziness (32812).
Pulmonary/Respiratory ...Orally, astragalus has reportedly been associated with rhinosinusitis and pharyngitis in one clinical trial. However, these effects may not have been caused by astragalus (17355).
Renal ...A case of high serum CA19-9 levels and small liver and kidney cysts has been reported for a 38-year-old woman who drank astragalus tea daily for one month. Levels returned to normal after one month, and cysts disappeared after ten months. Both symptoms returned following a resumption of astragalus use. The authors state that astragalus was the likely cause given the temporal relationship (90658).
General
...Orally, cordyceps seems to be generally well tolerated when used for up to 1 year.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Abdominal discomfort, constipation, diarrhea.
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, cordyceps has been associated with diarrhea, constipation, abdominal discomfort, dry mouth, and throat discomfort in clinical research. However, these events were uncommon, and in some cases symptoms could be reduced by taking cordyceps after eating (92829,105076,109705).
Hematologic ...Two cases of lead poisoning, characterized by loss of appetite and other symptoms, have been reported for patients taking cordyceps powder. After discontinuing cordyceps supplementation, both patients were treated with chelating agents (46135).
Hepatic ...There is a case report of acute cholestatic hepatitis probably associated with the use of a product containing cordyceps. The 64-year-old male was asymptomatic except for jaundice and laboratory markers and recovered once the supplement was stopped. However, it is unclear whether the hepatitis is associated with the cordyceps or with an unknown contaminant (109704).
Renal ...One case of a mild increase in serum creatinine level (< 30%) has been reported (95905).
General
...Orally, lion's mane mushroom is generally well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea, skin rash.
Dermatologic ...Orally, lion's mane mushroom may cause skin rash (105546).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, lion's mane mushroom may cause gastrointestinal discomfort and nausea (91999,105546).
General
...Orally, maitake mushroom is generally well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Gastrointestinal effects, including diarrhea and epigastric pain.
Dermatologic ...In a clinical trial, one patient experienced rash and pruritus after two doses of maitake mushroom polysaccharide extract. The allergic reaction cleared without intervention (61239).
Gastrointestinal ...In clinical research of a polysaccharide extract from maitake mushroom, one patient reported nausea (61239) and 2 out of 26 reported epigastric pain (17131). In a clinical trial of a liquid extract from maitake mushroom, 2 out of 21 patients experienced diarrhea, and one experienced nausea. One patient withdrew from the study due to diarrhea (92843).
Immunologic ...In a clinical trial of a liquid extract from maitake mushroom, 4 out of 21 patients experienced eosinophilia (92843).
Musculoskeletal ...In a clinical trial of a polysaccharide extract from maitake mushroom, one patient reported joint swelling (61239).
Pulmonary/Respiratory ...There is one case of occupational hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) caused by maitake mushroom spores (61228).
General
...Orally, reishi mushroom is generally well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Dizziness, dry mouth, itching, nausea, rash, and stomach upset.
Dermatologic ...Orally, reishi mushroom can cause itching, rash, and other skin reactions (12,5479).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, reishi mushroom can cause dryness of the mouth, throat, or nasal cavity, nausea, stomach upset, and, more rarely, diarrhea (12,70779,91438,108309).
Hematologic ...Orally, reishi mushroom can cause nosebleed and bloody stools (12,91438).
Hepatic ...One case of hepatotoxicity and one case of fatal fulminant hepatitis have been reported in patients who had used reishi mushroom powder for 1-2 months (70766). There is a case report of a 61-year-old male with hypereosinophilia associated with hepatic nodules following the use of reishi mushroom powder for about 2 months. Symptoms resolved after discontinuation of the product. Although these side effects were thought to be associated with the use of reishi mushroom powder, it is unclear if other factors played a role. The patient had been taking tegafur, gimeracil, and oteracil potassium for about 4 months following anterior resection for rectal adenocarcinoma but discontinued these agents and initiated reishi mushroom due to liver injury (108312).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, reishi mushroom can cause dizziness (91438). Other rare symptoms include insomnia and headache (70776,70779).
Pulmonary/Respiratory ...Respiratory allergy to reishi spores can occur (12,5479). Sore throat and runny nose have also been reported (70776,91438).
General
...Orally, shiitake mushroom is generally well tolerated when cooked and consumed as a food.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Abdominal discomfort, bloating, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: Consumption of raw shiitake mushroom can cause shiitake dermatitis, a skin eruption resembling whiplash marks which can be accompanied by systemic symptoms. Large pieces that have been inadequately chewed can cause intestinal blockage, occasionally requiring surgery.
Dermatologic
...Orally, shiitake mushrooms can cause shiitake dermatitis, a skin eruption that resembles whiplash marks, usually found on the trunk and limbs.
This dermatitis is thought to be a toxic response to lentinan or other compounds found normally in uncooked or inadequately cooked shiitake mushroom. The rash can be made worse by scratching. Symptom onset is usually within hours to days and can persist for 3-4 weeks before resolving on its own. There is some evidence that treatment with steroids alone or with antihistamines might reduce the duration of the rash by a small amount in some people (1148,1152,74782,74806,94236,94237,94238,94240,94241,94243) (94244,94246,94247,94248,94249,94252,94253,94254,94255,94256)(94257,94259,94261,94262,108302,111909,111912,111913). The dermatitis may include small purple spots from broken capillaries, skin plaques, burning, blanching, and pustules (94256,108302). Rarely the rash may look like measles rather than whiplash (94256). Histologically, there may be evidence of dermal and epidermal edema, lymphocyte infiltration, and skin thickening (94256,94257). Other symptoms associated with the dermatitis include fever, aching, malaise, eosinophilia, diarrhea, prickling in the hands, trouble swallowing, conjunctivitis, and pustules with small ulcers in the mouth (94240,94246,94247,94249,94256,94257,108302). It is likely that the dermatitis and other symptoms are due to a delayed type hypersensitivity reaction (94244,94255). Cooking shiitake mushroom generally prevents shiitake dermatitis, although some cases have occurred in people who have consumed cooked sources (94242,94244). It appears that to inactivate lentinan, cooking temperatures of at least 130°C are needed (94243).
Less common is a photosensitivity reaction associated with oral ingestion, which involves rash and pruritus after sun exposure (1148,94241).
Orally, the shiitake mushroom extract AHCC has been reported to cause mild itching (30375).
Gastrointestinal
...Orally, shiitake mushrooms can cause abdominal discomfort, including bloating, nausea, pain, vomiting, and diarrhea (1149,30365,30375,30419,94241).
Gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea, problems swallowing, or mouth ulcers have been associated with shiitake dermatitis (94241,94256). Consumption of large pieces of shiitake mushroom with inadequate chewing can cause abdominal obstruction that has resulted in death in one case and surgical intervention in two others. In another case, parenteral nutrition was used exclusively until the shiitake mushroom pieces were passed (1147,94260,103160,108303,108304).
Topically, an oral rinse containing shiitake mushroom extract has been associated with teeth sensitivity, teeth staining, and burning in the mouth (94250).
Hematologic ...Ingestion of shiitake mushroom powder 4 grams daily for 10 weeks caused eosinophilia in 5 of 10 healthy humans (1149). Eosinophilia, and leukocytosis or leukopenia have been reported with shiitake dermatitis (94254,94256,94257).
Immunologic ...Allergic contact dermatitis can occur by contact with shiitake hyphae (filaments) (1153,74785,111913). It appears to be more common in growers or others that handle shiitake mushrooms extensively (94241,94259). Contact or inhalation also results in other symptoms of allergy, such as asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and pneumonia (94241,94249,94258,94259).
Musculoskeletal ...Orally, the shiitake mushroom extract AHCC has been reported to cause foot cramps and difficulty moving hand joints (30365,30416).
Neurologic/CNS
...In patients experiencing shiitake dermatitis, other symptoms may include prickling in the hands (94256).
Malaise has also been reported following oral intake or contact (1151,94240).
Orally, the shiitake mushroom extract AHCC has been reported to cause mild and transient headache (30365).
Ocular/Otic ...Conjunctivitis has been reported rarely in mushroom growers and handlers, or following oral intake in patients with shiitake dermatitis (94241,94256,94259).
Pulmonary/Respiratory ...In mushroom workers, hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to shiitake spore inhalation has occurred. Symptoms include difficulty breathing, chest pain, a dry cough, asthma, and rhinitis (1150,1151,74776,74813,94239,94241,94258,94259).
General ...Orally, turkey tail mushroom and its PSK component are generally well tolerated. There have been reports of gastrointestinal side effects, hematological abnormalities, liver dysfunction, and palpitations, but these are in patients who received PSK in addition to standard chemotherapy. It is not known if these are due to PSK, the chemotherapy, or both.
Cardiovascular ...Palpitations have occurred when PSK is taken with standard chemotherapy for cancer (1657). It is not clear if this is due to PSK, the chemotherapy, or both.
Dermatologic
...Pigmentation of the nails and erythema have occurred when PSK is taken with standard chemotherapy (1657,1660,70175,94076).
It is not clear if this is due to PSK, the chemotherapy, or both.
Intravaginally, a specific gel (Papilocare, Procare Health) containing turkey tail mushroom with neem, carboxymethyl-beta-glucan, hyaluronic acid, gotu kola, aloe, and alpha-glucan oligosaccharide has been reported to cause vulvovaginal stinging, burning, itching, and candidiasis (108305,111904). The specific role of turkey tail mushroom is unclear.
Gastrointestinal ...Nausea, vomiting, appetite loss, stomach discomfort, diarrhea, constipation, and gastric ulcer have occurred when PSK is taken with standard chemotherapy for cancer (1651,1657,70175,70201,94076). However, one study reported a decreased incidence of gastrointestinal side effects when PSK was taken with chemotherapy (70188,70197).
Hematologic ...Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and albuminuria have occurred when PSK is taken with standard chemotherapy (1651,1657,70175,70201,94076). It is not clear if this is due to PSK, the chemotherapy, or both.
Hepatic ...Elevated liver enzymes, liver function impairment, and hepatotoxicity have occurred when PSK is taken with standard chemotherapy (1651,1657,70175,70201,94076). It is not clear if this is due to PSK, the chemotherapy, or both.
Musculoskeletal ...Malaise and fatigue have occurred when PSK is taken with standard chemotherapy (1657,1660,70175,94076). It is not clear if this is due to PSK, the chemotherapy, or both.
Pulmonary/Respiratory ...Coughing has occurred when PSK is taken with standard chemotherapy (1657,1660,70175,94076). It is not clear if this is due to PSK, the chemotherapy, or both.
