Ingredients | Amount Per Capsule |
---|---|
(Xanthium )
(seed)
|
500 mg |
Magnesium Stearate, Cellulose, Gelatin
Below is general information about the effectiveness of the known ingredients contained in the product Xanthium Chinese 1000 mg. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
There is insufficient reliable information available about the effectiveness of Siberian cocklebur.
Below is general information about the safety of the known ingredients contained in the product Xanthium Chinese 1000 mg. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
LIKELY UNSAFE ...when the seeds and seedlings of Siberian cocklebur are used orally. Fatalities have been reported (27827,27828). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of Siberian cocklebur fruit when used orally for medicinal purposes in adults.
CHILDREN: POSSIBLY UNSAFE
when the fruit of Siberian cocklebur is used orally.
A case report describes fatal poisoning in a 20-month old child given Siberian cocklebur fruit over a 2-month period (27815).
CHILDREN: LIKELY UNSAFE
when the seeds and seedlings of Siberian cocklebur are used orally.
Fatalities and liver failure necessitating liver transplant have been reported (27827,27828,99948).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: LIKELY UNSAFE
when the seeds and seedlings of Siberian cocklebur are used orally (27827,27828).
Below is general information about the interactions of the known ingredients contained in the product Xanthium Chinese 1000 mg. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
Siberian cocklebur seedlings and seeds have caused severe hypoglycemia in humans. Hypoglycemia occurs soon after consumption and worsens with time in most cases (27828,99948). Do not use Siberian cocklebur in people taking medications that also lower blood glucose.
Details
Some antidiabetes drugs include glimepiride (Amaryl), glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase PresTab, Micronase), insulin, pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia), and others.
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Siberian cocklebur can adversely affect the liver. It has been linked to many cases of hepatotoxicity and some cases of liver failure (27827,27828,99948). Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage. Some of these drugs include acarbose (Precose, Prandase), amiodarone (Cordarone), atorvastatin (Lipitor), azathioprine (Imuran), carbamazepine (Tegretol), cerivastatin (Baycol), diclofenac (Voltaren), felbamate (Felbatol), fenofibrate (TriCor), fluvastatin (Lescol), gemfibrozil (Lopid), isoniazid, itraconazole, (Sporanox), ketoconazole (Nizoral), leflunomide (Arava), lovastatin (Mevacor), methotrexate (Rheumatrex), nevirapine (Viramune), niacin, nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin), pioglitazone (Actos), pravastatin (Pravachol), pyrazinamide, rifampin (Rifadin), ritonavir (Norvir), rosiglitazone (Avandia), simvastatin (Zocor), tacrine (Cognex), tamoxifen, terbinafine (Lamisil), valproic acid, and zileuton (Zyflo).
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Siberian cocklebur can adversely affect the kidney (27828,99948). Theoretically, combining Siberian cocklebur with potentially nephrotoxic drugs might have additive harmful effects on kidney function.
Details
Some potentially nephrotoxic drugs include cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune); aminoglycosides including amikacin (Amikin), gentamicin (Garamycin, Gentak, others), and tobramycin (Nebcin, others); nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) including ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, Nuprin, others), indomethacin (Indocin), naproxen (Aleve, Anaprox, Naprelan, Naprosyn), piroxicam (Feldene); and numerous others.
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Below is general information about the adverse effects of the known ingredients contained in the product Xanthium Chinese 1000 mg. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
General ...Siberian cocklebur is generally regarded as unsafe for use. Any benefits of therapy might not outweigh the risk of toxicity. Orally, Siberian cocklebur seeds and seedlings can cause various adverse effects. Initial effects include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, hypoglycemia, elevated liver function tests, increased risk of bleeding, drowsiness, dizziness, dyspnea, sweating, fever, and palpitations (27827,27828,99948). In some cases, symptoms have progressed to metabolic acidosis, worsening changes in blood sugar, arrhythmia, seizures, convulsions, coma, pancreatitis, hepatic failure, renal failure, myocardial and muscle injury, and death due to multi-organ failure (27827,27828,99948). Fatal hepatic failure due to the Siberian cocklebur fruit has also been reported in a 20-month old child (27815).
Cardiovascular ...Orally, Siberian cocklebur seed can cause both tachycardia and bradycardia (27828,99948). Palpitations can occur in as little as 3 hours after ingestion, with arrhythmia occurring a few hours later (27828). Elevated heart enzymes can also occur soon after intake (27828). White blood cell infiltration in the myocardium has been reported in autopsy findings from patients who died after consuming Siberian cocklebur (27828).
Endocrine ...Orally, Siberian cocklebur seedlings and seeds can cause hypoglycemia. This occurs soon after consumption. Later, metabolic acidosis, hyperglycemia, and/or worsening hypoglycemia might occur. In some individuals, these changes can cause seizures (27828,99948).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, Siberian cocklebur seedlings and seeds can cause abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Gastrointestinal symptoms occur within a few hours after consumption (27827,27828,99948). In one case, pancreatitis occurred approximately 2 days after intake of the seeds in a 15-year-old girl (99948).
Hematologic ...Orally, Siberian cocklebur seedlings and seeds can increase the risk of bleeding, mainly due to hepatotoxic effects (27828).
Hepatic
...Orally, Siberian cocklebur seedlings and seeds can cause liver damage, including increased bilirubin levels and increases in liver enzyme levels by as much as 6 times the normal value.
These symptoms can progress to include jaundice, hepatomegaly, and edema, resulting in liver failure and death in some patients (27827,27828,99948). In one case, grade 3 encephalopathy and liver failure necessitated a liver transplant in a 15-year-old girl who had consumed approximately 80 Siberian cocklebur seeds (27815,99948).
The Siberian cocklebur fruit has also been reported to cause fatal hepatic failure in a 20-month old child who consumed Siberian cocklebur fruit over a 2-month period (27815)
Musculoskeletal ...Orally, Siberian cocklebur seedlings and seeds can cause rhabdomyolysis (27828). White blood cell infiltration in the muscles has been reported in autopsy findings from patients who died after consuming Siberian cocklebur (27828).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, Siberian cocklebur seedlings and seeds can cause altered mental status, malaise, dizziness, sweating, fever, seizures, convulsions, unconsciousness, and coma (27827,27828,99948). Malaise, dizziness, and sweating onset are rapid (27828). Fever onset is usually after the onset of vomiting (27827). Unconsciousness can follow vomiting within minutes or hours, with coma occurring later in some individuals (27827,27828). Microvascular hemorrhage in the brain has been reported in autopsy findings for patients who died after consuming Siberian cocklebur (27828).
Pulmonary/Respiratory ...Orally, Siberian cocklebur seedlings and seeds can cause dyspnea and irregular breathing. White blood cell infiltration in the lungs has been reported in autopsy findings from patients who died after consuming Siberian cocklebur (27828).
Renal ...Orally, Siberian cocklebur seedlings and seeds have resulted in cases of renal injury with increased levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. This can result in decreased urine output. In some individuals, renal symptoms return to normal. However, renal failure can occur and renal proximal tubular necrosis has been reported in autopsy findings for patients who died after consuming Siberian cocklebur (27828,99948).
Other
...Orally, Siberian cocklebur can cause death associated with multi-organ failure.
In some cases, death occurred less than 12 hours following intake. In one outbreak of illness related to consumption of Siberian cocklebur seedlings, death occurred in 25% of those affected. In another group of individuals with Siberian cocklebur seed poisoning, death occurred in three of nine of those affected. Death is more likely to occur in young children, especially those less than 15 years of age (27827,27828).
The quantity of Siberian cocklebur associated with death is not clear. In one illness outbreak, deaths were mainly in children and the seedlings were consumed in large quantities due to a food shortage (27827). In another, children died after consuming an unknown quantity of seeds while working on a farm (27828).