Phyto-Gen Gluco-gen by Genestra Brands

POSSIBLY EFFECTIVE

• Hypercholesterolemia. Small clinical trials show that consuming English walnuts as part of a low-fat diet seems to lower cholesterol. Total cholesterol and lipoproteins are decreased when English walnuts are substituted for other fatty foods and constitute up to 20% of the calories in the diet. When English walnuts are added to a low fat diet, total cholesterol may be decreased by 4% to 12% and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) may be decreased by 8% to 16% (6431,8476,8477). Substituting English walnuts for other dietary fats as part of a diet containing 30% fat seems to improve high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol-to-total cholesterol ratios in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, there is no effect on levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol when compared with a 30% fat diet without English walnuts (13300).

INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE

• Coronary heart disease (CHD). Epidemiological research has found that people who increase dietary consumption of nuts in general might have a lower risk of CHD and death due to coronary events. However, there is no available evidence showing that eating English walnut, specifically, reduces the risk of CHD (8478,13299). In 2004, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) determined that it would allow a qualified health claim stating that consuming 1.5 ounces of walnuts per day, as part of a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, may reduce the risk of CHD. The FDA has concluded that this claim is based on supporting, rather than conclusive, evidence (102335).
• Diabetes. Data from preliminary clinical research on the effects of English walnuts in people with type 2 diabetes are conflicting. Some clinical research shows that taking English walnut leaf extract 100 mg twice daily for 3 months decreases fasting blood glucose by about 13% when compared with placebo (97750). In contrast, other clinical research shows that taking English walnut leaf extract 100 mg once daily for one week and then twice daily for 7 weeks has no effect on fasting blood glucose levels (97749). In a meta-analysis of 4 studies involving a total of 195 patients, taking English walnut leaf extracts orally, 200-750 mg daily for 8 to 12 weeks, reduces fasting blood glucose by a mean of about 18 mg/dL and increases fasting insulin levels by a mean of about 2 units/L, but does not alter post-prandial glucose levels (113406). The majority of studies do not show a significant effect on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), but the meta-analysis shows a reduction when English walnut leaf extracts are taken for more than 8 weeks (97749,97750,113406). Substituting English walnuts for other dietary fats as part of a diet containing 30% fat seems to improve high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol-to-total cholesterol ratios in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, there is no effect on levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol when compared with a 30% fat diet without English walnuts (13300). More evidence is needed to rate English walnut for these uses.

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INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE

• Dyspepsia. Oral olive leaf extract has only been evaluated in combination with other ingredients; its effect when used alone is unclear. Details: A small study in healthy adults shows that taking a specific combination product containing olive leaf extract 24% and prickly pear cactus 33% (Mucosave, Bionap S.R.L.) 400 mg daily for 8 weeks seems to improve dyspepsia and other gastrointestinal symptoms when compared with placebo (105904). It is unclear if this benefit would occur in patients with clinically diagnosed dyspepsia.
• Exercise-induced respiratory infections. It is unclear if oral olive leaf extract is beneficial for reducing respiratory infections from exercise. Details: A small clinical study in high school athletes shows that taking one tablet of olive leaf extract providing eleuropein 100 mg daily for 2 months during training season does not reduce the incidence of the common cold when compared with placebo. While it may reduce the number of sick days by 28%, a sub-group analysis suggests that this reduction is only evident in female athletes (101860).
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Although there is interest in using oral olive leaf for GERD, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of olive for this condition.
• Herpes zoster (shingles). Although there is interest in using oral olive leaf for shingles, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of olive for this condition.
• Influenza. Although there is interest in using oral olive leaf for influenza, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of olive for this condition.
• Metabolic syndrome. It is unclear if oral olive leaf extract is beneficial for improving body composition and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with metabolic syndrome. Details: A small clinical trial in overweight, middle-aged males at risk for metabolic syndrome shows that taking four capsules of olive leaf extract providing oleuropein 51.1 mg and hydroxytyrosol 9.7 mg daily for 12 weeks improves insulin sensitivity by 15% when compared with placebo. However, body composition, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and other cardiovascular risk factors were not improved (92245).
• Osteoarthritis. It is unclear if oral olive fruit or leaf extract is beneficial for improving osteoarthritis. Details: Preliminary clinical research shows that taking a freeze-dried aqueous extract of olive fruit 400 mg daily for 8 weeks decreases pain and increases mobility in people with osteoarthritis (14844). Other preliminary clinical research in adults with knee osteoarthritis shows that taking olive leaf extract 50.1 mg daily for 4 weeks improves overall pain measurements by 14%, compared to only 4% in the placebo group. However, many individual measurements of pain are not improved (92252).
• Osteoporosis. It is unclear if oral olive leaf extract is beneficial for osteoporosis. Details: Clinical research shows that taking olive leaf extract (Bonolive, BioActor BV) 250 mg daily for 12 months, along with elemental calcium 400 mg daily, increases osteocalcin levels by about 32% when compared to baseline; this increase was significant when compared to those taking calcium 400 mg plus placebo, who showed a 6% decrease in osteocalcin levels. However, taking olive leaf extract does not significantly increase bone mineral density of the lumbar spine or femur neck when compared with placebo (92247).
• Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It is unclear if oral olive fruit extract is beneficial for improving RA symptoms. Details: Preliminary clinical research in adults with RA shows that taking an aqueous freeze-dried extract of olive fruit 400 mg daily for 8 weeks does not improve symptoms when compared with control (14844). More evidence is needed to rate the effectiveness of olive for these uses.

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There is insufficient reliable information available about the effectiveness of poplar.

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LIKELY SAFE ...when the fruit (nut), leaf, or hull is consumed in amounts normally found in foods (4912,6431,8476,8477).

POSSIBLY SAFE ...when the leaf extract is used orally at doses of up to 200 mg for up to 3 months (97749,97750).

POSSIBLY UNSAFE ...when the bark is used orally or topically, due to its juglone content (12). When applied topically, juglone-containing bark can cause skin irritation. When used orally on a daily basis, juglone-containing bark is associated with increased risk of tongue cancer and lip leukoplakia (2,12). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of the fruit, leaf, or hull when used orally in medicinal amounts or when applied topically.

PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: LIKELY SAFE
when the fruit (nut), leaf, or hull is consumed in amounts normally found in foods (4912).

PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: POSSIBLY UNSAFE
when the bark is used orally or topically (12); avoid using. There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of the fruit, leaf, or hull when used orally in medicinal amounts during pregnancy and lactation; avoid using.

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LIKELY SAFE ...when olive fruit is used orally and appropriately in amounts commonly found in foods.

POSSIBLY SAFE ...when olive leaf extract is used orally and appropriately. Olive leaf extract providing 51-100 mg oleuropein daily has been used with apparent safety for 6-8 weeks (92245,92247,101860). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of olive fruit extract when used in amounts greater than those found in foods.

PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; stick with amounts commonly found in foods.

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LIKELY SAFE ...when applied topically and appropriately (2,12). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of poplar for its other uses.

PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.

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General ...Orally, the fruit (nut) of English walnut is well tolerated (8476,8477); however, it can cause softening of stools and mild bloating (6431). Oral allergy syndrome may occur in people who are allergic to English walnuts. This is characterized by itching of the oral cavity immediately after consumption. Rarely this syndrome may cause swelling of the lips and tongue (angioedema) (8479). English walnut leaf extract has been reported to cause gastrointestinal adverse events, especially mild diarrhea (97750). Daily use of English walnut bark is associated with increased risk of tongue cancer and lip leukoplakia due to its juglone content (2,12).
Topically, English walnut hull preparations can lead to yellow or brown discoloration of skin and mucous membranes due to its juglone content. It can also cause contact dermatitis (12,12980).

Dermatologic ...Topically, English walnut hull preparations, which contain juglone, can cause a temporary yellow or brown discoloration of skin and mucous membranes. It can also cause contact dermatitis (12,12980).

Gastrointestinal ...Orally, the fruit (nut) of English walnut might cause softening of stools and mild bloating (6431). Oral allergy syndrome may occur in people who are allergic to English walnuts. This is characterized by itching of the oral cavity immediately after consumption. Rarely this syndrome may cause swelling of the lips and tongue (angioedema) (8479). Walnut leaf extract has been reported to cause gastrointestinal adverse events, especially mild diarrhea, in 39% of adults in one study (97750). Daily use of walnut bark is associated with increased risk of tongue cancer and lip leukoplakia due to its juglone content (2,12).

Immunologic ...Tree nuts, which include English walnuts, can cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Due to the prevalence of this allergy in the general population, tree nuts are classified as a major food allergen in the United States (105410).
Oral allergy syndrome may occur in people who are allergic to English walnuts. This is characterized by itching of the oral cavity immediately after consumption. Rarely this syndrome may cause swelling of the lips and tongue (angioedema) (8479).

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General ...Orally, olive fruit is well tolerated when used in typical food amounts. Olive leaf extract seems to be well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Headache and stomach discomfort.

Dermatologic ...Orally, one patient in one clinical trial reported bad skin and acne after using olive leaf extract (101860).

Gastrointestinal ...Orally, three patients in one clinical trial reported stomach ache after using olive leaf extract (101860).

Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, three patients in one clinical trial reported headache after using olive leaf extract (101860).

Psychiatric ...In one case report, a 67-year-old female experienced irritability, anger, a lack of control, and feelings of sadness and negativity after consuming a multi-ingredient product containing olive leaf extract 5 grams, horseradish root, and eyebright daily for 38 days. All psychiatric symptoms disappeared within days of stopping the combined product. It is hypothesized that the hydroxytyrosol component of olive leaf extract contributed to these symptoms due to its chemical similarity to dopamine; however, it is not clear if these symptoms were due to the olive leaf extract or to the other ingredients (96245).

Pulmonary/Respiratory ...Olive tree pollen can cause seasonal respiratory allergy (1543).

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General ...Topically, occasional allergic skin reactions can occur with the use of poplar (2).

Immunologic ...Topically, occasional allergic skin reactions can occur with the use of poplar (2). Poplar contains salicin. However, there are no reports of aspirin-type allergic reactions with the use of salicin-rich plants (12).

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