| Ingredients | Amount Per Serving |
|---|---|
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(from Orange peel Oil)
(D-Limonene (Form: from Orange peel Oil PlantPart: peel) )
|
1000 mg |
Softgel (Form: consists of Bovine Gelatin Note: BSE-free, Glycerin, and purified Water), organic Caramel Note: added as a light barrier.
Below is general information about the effectiveness of the known ingredients contained in the product D-Limonene 500 mg. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
Below is general information about the safety of the known ingredients contained in the product D-Limonene 500 mg. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
LIKELY SAFE ...when consumed in amounts commonly found in foods. Limonene has Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) status in the US (4912).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately in medicinal amounts. Limonene has been safely used in doses of up to 8 mg/m2 in one trial for up to a year (12709). ...when used topically in amounts found in fragrances and personal hygiene products. Limonene is a common ingredient in fragrances and personal hygiene products (99871,99873). It can cause allergic contact dermatitis in some people (99871,99872,99873).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: LIKELY SAFE
when consumed in amounts commonly found in foods.
Limonene has Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) status in the US (4912). There is insufficient reliable information available about using limonene in medicinal amounts during pregnancy or breast-feeding; avoid using.
Below is general information about the interactions of the known ingredients contained in the product D-Limonene 500 mg. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
There's preliminary evidence that limonene might be a substrate for cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) (12714,12718). CYP2C19 inducers might decrease the effects of limonene. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans. Inducers of CYP2C19 include carbamazepine (Tegretol), prednisone (Deltasone), and rifampin (Rifadin, Rimactane).
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There's preliminary evidence that limonene might be a substrate for cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) (12714,12718). So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans. However, watch for an increase in the limonene levels when it is taken with drugs that inhibit CYP2C19. Some drugs that inhibit CYP2C19 include cimetidine (Tagamet), fluvoxamine (Luvox), omeprazole (Prilosec); ticlopidine (Ticlid), topiramate (Topamax), and others.
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There's preliminary evidence that limonene might be a substrate for cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) (12714,12718). Inducers of CYP2C9 might decrease limonene levels. Inducers of CYP2C9 include rifampin (Rifadin, Rimactane) and secobarbital (Seconal).
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There's preliminary evidence that limonene might be a substrate for cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) (12714,12718). So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans. However, watch for side effects in patients taking limonene and CYP2C9 inhibitors. Some CYP2C9 inhibitors include amiodarone (Cordarone), fluconazole (Diflucan), lovastatin (Mevacor), paroxetine (Paxil), zafirlukast (Accolate), and many others.
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There's preliminary evidence that limonene might be a substrate for cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9), as well causing its induction (12714,12718). So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans. However, watch for a decrease in the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9 in patients taking limonene. Some drugs metabolized by CYP2C9 include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as diclofenac (Cataflam, Voltaren), ibuprofen (Motrin), meloxicam (Mobic), and piroxicam (Feldene); celecoxib (Celebrex); amitriptyline (Elavil); warfarin (Coumadin); glipizide (Glucotrol); losartan (Cozaar); and others.
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Below is general information about the adverse effects of the known ingredients contained in the product D-Limonene 500 mg. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
General ...Orally, limonene is generally well tolerated. It can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea (12709). Topically, limonene can cause contact dermatitis (12715,12716,99871,99872,99873). Observational research has found that increased exposure to ambient air limonene from household cleaning products is associated with wheezing and asthma, particularly in children (99870).
Dermatologic ...Topically, limonene can cause contact dermatitis (12715,12716,99871,99872,99873). Observational studies have found that 8% to 9.4% of patients with a suspected fragrance allergy have allergic skin reactions to limonene hydroperoxides (99871,99873). In one case, a 35-year-old female presented with lymphomatoid contact dermatitis, characterized by a pruritic skin eruption that covered her abdomen and lower limbs, after exposure to limonene in various personal hygiene and household cleaning products. Patch testing showed a positive reaction to limonene hydroperoxides. The patient's skin lesions cleared with topical corticosteroids, sun exposure, and avoidance of limonene-containing products (99872).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, limonene can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea (12709).
Pulmonary/Respiratory ...When inhaled, limonene has been linked to wheezing and asthma. Observational research has found that a 100% increase in exposure to ambient air limonene from fragrances and household cleaning products is associated with 17% and 18% greater odds of wheezing and asthma, respectively. This link appears to be even stronger in children (99870).
