Ingredients | Amount Per Serving |
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Proprietary Herbal Blend
(processed in siddha ghruta (clarified butter))
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1000 mg |
(Bacopa monnieri )
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Jyotishmati
(Celastrus paniculatus )
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(Acorus calamus )
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Shankhapushpi
(Evolvulus alsinoides )
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(Centella asiatica )
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(Tinospora cordifolia )
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Gelatin, Glycerin, Sorbitol, Methylparaben, Propyl Paraben, Titanium Dioxide
Below is general information about the effectiveness of the known ingredients contained in the product Mitamemory. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
There is insufficient reliable information available about the effectiveness of calamus.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
Below is general information about the safety of the known ingredients contained in the product Mitamemory. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately, short-term. Bacopa has been used safely in clinical trials at a dose of up to 600 mg daily for up to 12 weeks (10058,10059,17946,97605).
CHILDREN: POSSIBLY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately, short-term.
Clinical research suggests bacopa extract might be safe to use at a dose of 225 mg daily for up to 6 months or 320 mg daily for up to 14 weeks in children aged 6-14 years (33304,97603,109625).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
LIKELY UNSAFE ...when used orally. The FDA prohibits calamus use in food products due to evidence of carcinogenic effects in animals receiving high doses of a calamus strain high in beta-asarone (93978,94727,94728). However, the beta-asarone content can vary widely among species from 0% to 96% (6); some products may be safer than others. There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of calamus when used topically.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: LIKELY UNSAFE
when used orally; avoid using (4,500).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used topically and appropriately. Gotu kola has been used safely in a cream or ointment for up to 10 weeks (11072,11073,67372,102792,105329,105335). An emulsion containing gotu kola extract 3% and other ingredients has been applied safely to the skin twice daily for up to 60 days (111571). ...when used orally and appropriately. Gotu kola extract has been used with apparent safety in doses of up to 180 mg daily for up to 12 months or 1000 mg daily for 60 days. Dried gotu kola has been used with apparent safety in doses of up to 2200 mg daily for 4 weeks (6887,11062,11063,11064,11065,11066,11067,11068,11069,11070)(11071,99756,99757,99758,105329,105332,105333). A specific gotu kola extract (Centellicum, Horphag Research Ltd) 450-675 mg daily has been used with apparent safety for up to 6 weeks (99756,99757).
PREGNANCY: POSSIBLY SAFE
when used topically and appropriately (11073,13559).
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety gotu kola when used orally during pregnancy; avoid using.
LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when the stem extract is used orally and appropriately, short-term. Tinospora cordifolia aqueous stem extract has been used with apparent safety at a dose of 900 mg daily for up to 8 weeks (15085). Powdered stem extract has also been used with apparent safety at a dose of up to 3 grams daily for up to 2 weeks or a dose of 1500 mg daily for up to 26 weeks (92230,106846,111503). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of other parts of Tinospora cordifolia when used orally or when any part of the plant is used topically.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
Below is general information about the interactions of the known ingredients contained in the product Mitamemory. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
Theoretically, concurrent use might decrease the effectiveness of both agents.
Details
Bacopa seems to inhibit acetylcholinesterase and might increase acetylcholine levels, which could counteract the effects of anticholinergic drugs (17946). Similarly, anticholinergic drugs might counteract the cholinergic effects of bacopa.
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Theoretically, bacopa might increase the effects and adverse effects of cevimeline.
Details
In one case, a 58-year-old female taking cevimeline long-term for Sjogren syndrome experienced hyperhidrosis, malaise, nausea, and tachycardia shortly after taking a single dose of bacopa. Symptoms resolved after two days. Cevimeline is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 and CYP3A4, and researchers theorize that bacopa may have inhibited these isoenzymes (109627). However, it is unclear if bacopa causes clinically significant inhibition of either CYP2D6 or CYP3A4.
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Theoretically, concurrent use of bacopa with other cholinergic drugs might have additive effects.
Details
Bacopa seems to inhibit acetylcholinesterase and might increase acetylcholine levels (17946). Theoretically, this could result in additive cholinergic effects when used with cholinergic drugs.
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Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Details
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Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2C19 substrates.
Details
In vitro evidence suggests that bacopa extract can moderately and non-competitively inhibit CYP2C19 enzymes (97606). It is not known whether this is clinically significant.
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Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2C9 substrates.
Details
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Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Details
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Theoretically, bacopa might have additive effects when used with thyroid hormone.
Details
Animal research suggests that bacopa increases thyroxine (T4) levels in mice by about 40% (33286).
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Theoretically, due to reports that calamus increases stomach acid, calamus might decrease the effectiveness of antacids (19).
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In vitro evidence suggests that calamus can inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (38418). Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and calamus might decrease the effectiveness of the anticholinergic drug.
Details
Some anticholinergic drugs include atropine, benztropine (Cogentin), biperiden (Akineton), procyclidine (Kemadrin), and trihexyphenidyl (Artane).
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Animal research suggests that calamus can decrease the rate and strength of the heartbeat, which might lower blood pressure (38444). Theoretically, combining calamus with other antihypertensive medications might increase the risk of hypotension; use with caution.
Details
Some antihypertensive drugs include captopril (Capoten), enalapril (Vasotec), losartan (Cozaar), valsartan (Diovan), diltiazem (Cardizem), Amlodipine (Norvasc), hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril), furosemide (Lasix), and many others.
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In vitro evidence suggests that calamus can inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (38418). Theoretically, concurrent use of calamus with other cholinergic drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of cholinergic side effects.
Details
Cholinergic drugs include bethanechol (Urecholine), donepezil (Aricept), echothiophate (Phospholine Iodide), edrophonium (Enlon, Reversol, Tensilon), neostigmine (Prostigmin), physostigmine (Antilirium), pyridostigmine (Mestinon, Regonol), succinylcholine (Anectine, Quelicin), and tacrine (Cognex).
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Theoretically, concomitant use with drugs with sedative properties can cause additive effects and side effects (4,38400,38444).
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In vitro research suggests that calamus extract can inhibit cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) (93975). Theoretically, use of calamus with drugs metabolized by CYP2D6 might increase drug levels and potentially increase the risk of adverse effects.
Details
Some drugs metabolized by CYP2D6 include amitriptyline (Elavil), codeine, desipramine (Norpramin), flecainide (Tambocor), haloperidol (Haldol), imipramine (Tofranil), metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL), ondansetron (Zofran), paroxetine (Paxil), risperidone (Risperdal), tramadol (Ultram), venlafaxine (Effexor), and others.
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In vitro research suggests that calamus inhibits cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) (93975). Theoretically, use of calamus with drugs metabolized by CYP3A4 might increase drug levels and potentially increase the risk of adverse effects.
Details
Some drugs metabolized by CYP3A4 include lovastatin (Mevacor), clarithromycin (Biaxin), indinavir (Crixivan), sildenafil (Viagra), triazolam (Halcion), and numerous others.
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Theoretically, due to reports that calamus increases stomach acid, calamus might decrease the effectiveness of H2-blockers (19). The H2 blockers include cimetidine (Tagamet), ranitidine (Zantac), nizatidine (Axid), and famotidine (Pepcid).
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Theoretically, calamus might potentiate the effects and adverse effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitor drugs (4).
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Theoretically, due to reports that calamus increases stomach acid, calamus might decrease the effectiveness of PPIs (19). PPIs include omeprazole (Prilosec), lansoprazole (Prevacid), rabeprazole (Aciphex), pantoprazole (Protonix), and esomeprazole (Nexium).
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Theoretically, taking gotu kola might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Details
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Theoretically, taking gotu kola with hepatotoxic drugs might have additive adverse effects.
Details
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Theoretically, Tinospora cordifolia might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Details
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Theoretically, Tinospora cordifolia might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Details
In vitro research shows that Tinospora cordifolia extract inhibits CYP1A2 at high concentrations (98225). However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, Tinospora cordifolia might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
Details
In vitro research shows that Tinospora cordifolia extract inhibits CYP2C19 at high concentrations (98225). However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, Tinospora cordifolia might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
Details
In vitro research shows that Tinospora cordifolia extract inhibits CYP2C9. Animal research shows that Tinospora cordifolia extract 400 mg/kg twice daily for 14 days reduces the clearance and increases plasma levels of glyburide, a CYP2C9 substrate (98225). However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, Tinospora cordifolia might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Details
In vitro research shows that Tinospora cordifolia extract inhibits CYP2D6 at high concentrations (98225). However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, Tinospora cordifolia might reduce the effectiveness of immunosuppressants.
Details
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Below is general information about the adverse effects of the known ingredients contained in the product Mitamemory. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
General
...Orally, bacopa is generally well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Abdominal cramps, diarrhea, dry mouth, headache, nausea.
Cardiovascular ...Orally, bacopa has been reported to cause palpitations (10058).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, bacopa has been reported to cause abdominal cramps, abdominal pain, bloating, decreased appetite, diarrhea, dry mouth, excessive thirst, flatulence, indigestion, nausea, and increased stool frequency. Rates of adverse gastrointestinal events have ranged from 12% to 30% (10058,17946,33295,97605,109623,111520).
Musculoskeletal ...Orally, bacopa has been reported to cause arthralgia, muscle fatigue, and myopathy (10058,109623,111522). In one case, a 21-year-old male experienced progressive proximal weakness, muscle atrophy, weight loss, dark urine, and elevated serum markers of myopathy, with muscle biopsy showing immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy, after taking a supplement containing bacopa for 5 years (111522).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, bacopa has been reported to cause drowsiness, headache, insomnia, and vivid dreams (10058,10059,17946,109623).
Other ...Orally, bacopa has been reported to cause flu like symptoms and fatigue (10058,97605,111520).
General ...Orally, nausea, vomiting, and intestinal paralysis have been reported with calamus use (33310,38458,93980). Tachycardia has also been reported (93980).
Cardiovascular ...Tachycardia has been reported as a toxic effect related to oral use of calamus oil (93980).
Gastrointestinal ...A case of gastrointestinal toxicity has been reported in a 19-year-old male who appeared to use calamus root for its euphoric effects. The man ingested a large amount of the root with water and later presented at the emergency department with continuous vomiting, paleness, and sweating. He was treated intravenously with saline and promethazine (38458). Both nausea and vomiting have been reported in patients using calamus oil orally (93980). Intestinal paralysis has also been reported with calamus use in children (33310).
General
...Orally and topically, gotu kola seems to be well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Gastric irritation and nausea.
Topically: Eczema.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: Hepatotoxicity.
Dermatologic ...Topically, gotu kola may cause eczema (10277,10278). Also, gotu kola can cause allergic contact dermatitis, characterized by erythema, itching, papules, and a burning sensation (4,6887,9789,52875,52887,52896,52902). One specific gotu kola product (Blasteostimulina,Almirall, S. A.) has been reported to cause allergic contact dermatitis. However, not all patients with reactions to this product are sensitive to gotu kola; some patients are sensitive to neomycin, another ingredient in the product (52875). Madecassol ointment (Rona Laboratories Limited) is another gotu kola product that has resulted in allergic contact dermatitis. Controlled testing suggests that this product can cause this adverse effect in about 8% of patients (9789). Centellase cream has also caused allergic contact dermatitis in at least two cases (52887,52888).
Gastrointestinal ...In some patients, gotu kola can extract cause gastrointestinal upset and nausea (780,6887,52894).
Hepatic
...There is concern that gotu kola may cause liver toxicity in some patients.
There are at least four case reports of hepatotoxicity associated with gotu kola; however, hepatotoxic contaminants cannot be ruled out, as laboratory analysis was not conducted on the products used. Additionally, the doses of gotu kola used in these cases were not reported (13182,92506). In a clinical trial where liver function was monitored, taking gotu kola 120 mg daily for 6 months was not associated with changes in liver function (11065).
In one case of hepatotoxicity, a 61-year-old female developed elevated liver transaminase and total bilirubin levels after taking gotu kola tablets for 30 days. Liver biopsy showed granulomatous acute hepatitis. Months later, the patient took gotu kola again and developed elevated liver transaminases after 2 weeks. In another case, a 52-year-old female developed symptoms of hepatitis and increased liver transaminases after taking gotu kola for 3 weeks. Biopsy indicated chronic hepatitis and granulomas, areas of necrosis, and cirrhotic transformation. Liver function normalized after discontinuation of gotu kola. In a third case, a 49-year-old female developed symptoms of hepatitis after taking gotu kola for 2 months. Biopsy revealed granulomatous hepatitis. Liver function normalized after discontinuation of gotu kola (13182). In a fourth case, a 15-year-old female taking an unknown dose of gotu kola and lymecycline for 6 weeks for acne experienced acute liver failure with abdominal pain and vomiting, as well as elevated liver transaminases, bilirubin, international normalized ratio (INR), and prothrombin. Liver function returned to normal after both products were discontinued (92506).
Immunologic ...Topically, gotu kola can cause allergic contact dermatitis, characterized by erythema, itching, papules, and a burning sensation (4,6887,9789,52875,52887,52896,52902). One specific gotu kola product (Blasteostimulina, Almirall, S. A.) has been reported to cause allergic contact dermatitis in some patients. However, not all patients who react to this product are sensitive to gotu kola; some are sensitive to neomycin, another ingredient in the product (52875). Madecassol ointment (Rona Laboratories Limited) is another gotu kola product that has resulted in allergic contact dermatitis. Controlled testing suggests that this product can cause this adverse effect in about 8% of patients (9789). Centellase cream has also caused allergic contact dermatitis in at least two cases (52887,52888).
Psychiatric ...A case of night eating syndrome has been reported for a 41-year-old female who had been taking a gotu kola tincture (dose not specified) for 2 years. Symptoms resolved after gotu kola use was discontinued (52878).
General
...Orally, Tinospora cordifolia seems to be well tolerated.
Topically, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Headache and nasal pain.
Topically: Burning, erythema, and pruritus.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: Liver injury has been reported.
Dermatologic ...Topically, Tinospora cordifolia has been reported to cause pruritus, erythema, and burning (92220).
Hepatic
...Orally, liver injury is reported after consumption of Tinospora cordifolia.
In 2 case series, autoimmune hepatitis, acute hepatitis, worsening of chronic liver disease, or acute liver failure is reported in 49 patients after consuming various forms and doses of Tinospora cordifolia alone or in combination with other ingredients for a median of 42-90 days. Of these patients, 2 required a liver transplant and 4 died (110533,110534).
Liver injury is also reported in patients taking combination supplements containing Tinospora cordifolia. One case reports a 50-year-old female who presented with a 2-week history of constant right upper quadrant abdominal pain, nausea, loss of appetite, and fatigue, along with severely elevated alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), after taking a specific combination product containing Tinospora cordifolia 900 mg, stinging nettle 600 mg, and quercetin 600 mg (HistaEze) daily for 4 to 5 weeks (112404). Another case reports a 54-year-old female who developed acute hepatitis with elevated ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and bilirubin after consuming a multi-ingredient product containing approximately 1900 mg of Tinospora cordifolia and 11 other Ayurvedic herbals daily for 2.5 months (112405). In both cases, liver function returned to normal within 3 months of discontinuing the supplement (112404,112405). It is unclear whether the liver injury in these cases is due to Tinospora cordifolia, other ingredients, or the combination.
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, Tinospora cordifolia has been reported to cause headache in a clinical trial (15085).
Pulmonary/Respiratory ...Orally, Tinospora cordifolia extract has been reported to cause nasal pain in a clinical trial (15085).