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POSSIBLY EFFECTIVE

• Constipation. Oral wheat bran seems to be beneficial for restoring normal bowel function in people with mild constipation. Details: Taking wheat bran orally seems to be effective for treating mild constipation and restoring normal bowel function in adults and children. Wheat bran seems to increase stool output and improve colonic transit, but does not soften normal-viscosity stool. In adults, doses of 20-25 grams daily are used. In children, an age-based dose of 5-10 grams daily for those under 1 year of age, 10-20 grams daily for 1-2 years of age, and 20 grams daily for those over 2 years of age has been used (6265,11004,11116,11117,94068).
• Hemorrhoids. Oral wheat bran may reduce the risk for hemorrhoids in some people. Details: Clinical research in adults with hemorrhoids shows that taking wheat bran 10 grams twice daily reduces the risk of hemorrhoid recurrence at 10 weeks when compared with a control group (11118,11119).
• Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Oral wheat bran seems to improve bowel function in some people with IBS. Details: Clinical research in adults with mild to moderate IBS shows that taking wheat bran 30 grams daily for 4 weeks may reduce abdominal pain and improve bowel function when compared to baseline. However, it does not appear to be as effective as taking partially hydrolyzed guar gum 5 grams daily (10326).

POSSIBLY INEFFECTIVE

• Colorectal cancer. Most research shows that oral wheat bran does not reduce the risk for colorectal cancer. Details: Several large well-designed studies show that consuming fiber, including wheat bran, does not prevent the recurrence of colorectal adenomas, despite earlier evidence that suggested a beneficial effect (160,4819,4820,4821).

INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE

• Cancer. Although there is interest in using oral wheat bran to prevent various types of cancer, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of wheat bran for this purpose.
• Diabetes. It is unclear whether consuming wheat bran can improve glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes. Details: Small crossover studies in adults with type 2 diabetes have yielded conflicting outcomes. One small study shows that consuming 25 grams of fiber, including wheat bran, daily as part of the diet for 6 weeks can improve glycemic control and reduce insulin and plasma lipid levels when compared with a high-fiber diet providing 50 grams of fiber daily. However, another small crossover study shows that consuming bread or cereal providing wheat bran 18 grams daily for 3 months does not improve glycemic control or lipid levels when compared with a low-fiber diet providing 4 grams of fiber daily (6266,10328). The reasons for these discrepant findings are unclear, but may relate to the type of fiber added to the diet.
• Hyperlipidemia. Although there is interest in using oral wheat bran for hyperlipidemia, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of wheat bran for this purpose.
• Hypertension. Although there is interest in using oral wheat bran for hypertension, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of wheat bran for this purpose. More evidence is needed to rate the effectiveness of wheat bran for this use.

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LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately. Wheat bran in doses up to 30 grams daily has been used for 3 months with no reports of serious adverse effects (10326,10328).

CHILDREN: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately. Wheat bran in doses up to 10 grams daily has been used safely for up to 2 years (94068).

PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally (5).

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General ...Orally, wheat bran seems to be well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Flatulence and gastrointestinal discomfort.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
All routes of administration: Wheat products can cause allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis.

Gastrointestinal ...Orally, wheat bran may cause flatulence and gastrointestinal discomfort, especially with initial use. One carefully controlled study designed to look at side effects noted no increase in GI symptoms in subjects taking 20 to 40 grams of wheat bran per day (6265).

Immunologic ...Wheat can cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Due to the prevalence of this allergy in the general population, wheat and wheat products, such as wheat bran, are classified as major food allergens in the United States (105410).

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