Ingredients | Amount Per Serving |
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(providing)
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500 mg |
Essential Fatty Acids
(Naturally occuring, including)
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Omega-3
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Omega-9
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Phospholipids
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Gelatin, Glycerin, Water, Purified, Ethyl Vanillin
Below is general information about the effectiveness of the known ingredients contained in the product Krill Oil 500 mg. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
Below is general information about the safety of the known ingredients contained in the product Krill Oil 500 mg. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used in amounts found in foods. Astaxanthin has Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status in the US (4912).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when taken orally and appropriately. Astaxanthin 4-18 mg daily has been used with apparent safety for up to 12 weeks. Doses of 40 mg daily have been used with apparent safety for up to 4 weeks (19165,19167,19197,32621,96884,105100).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using in amounts greater than those typically found in foods.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately, short-term. Krill oil has been used safely at doses of up to 4 grams daily in clinical trials lasting for up to 6 months (15753,15754,15760,19374,91600,96114,96162,107474,110370).
CHILDREN: POSSIBLY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately (110372,110374).
In children 14 years of age, krill oil 4 grams daily, providing doses of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) 520 mg and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) 280 mg daily, has been used with apparent safety for up to 12 months (110372,110374).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally in amounts found in foods. Dietary intake in amounts of 5% to 10% of daily calories are appropriate according to the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) (23723). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of omega-6 fatty acids when used orally in medicinal amounts.
CHILDREN: LIKELY SAFE
when consumed by children over the age of 12 months as part of the diet in amounts between 5% to 10% of daily calories according to the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) (23723).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: LIKELY SAFE
when consumed as part of the diet in amounts between 5% and 10% of daily calories according to the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) (23723).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: POSSIBLY UNSAFE
when high amounts of omega-6 fatty acids are consumed in the diet.
Population research suggests that the highest maternal intakes of omega-6 fatty acids (15.2-47.6 grams or 137-428 kcal daily) during pregnancy is associated with a 2.4-times greater odds of giving birth to an infant below the 10th percentile for birth weight when compared with the lowest maternal intakes (0.4-5.7 grams daily) (96913). In addition, population research in women with a history of atopy suggests that the highest blood levels of omega-6 fatty acids during the second trimester is associated with an increased odds of having a child develop atopic dermatitis by age 4-6 years when compared with the lowest intakes (103309). There is insufficient reliable information available about supplemental omega-6 fatty acids; avoid using.
Below is general information about the interactions of the known ingredients contained in the product Krill Oil 500 mg. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2B6.
Details
In vitro research shows that astaxanthin induces cytochrome CYP2B6 enzyme activity in human hepatocytes (32613). This effect has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Details
In vitro research shows that astaxanthin induces CYP3A4 enzyme activity in human hepatocytes (32613). This effect has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, krill oil may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Details
Taking high doses of omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil can modestly decrease platelet aggregation (8671,8679,8696,19375). Since krill oil also contains these fatty acids, taking high doses of krill oil might also inhibit platelet aggregation. Theoretically, taking high doses of krill oil with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs might increase the risk of bleeding. However, the omega-3 content of krill oil is much lower than that of fish oil.
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Theoretically, taking krill oil with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Details
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Below is general information about the adverse effects of the known ingredients contained in the product Krill Oil 500 mg. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
General
...Orally, astaxanthin seems to be well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Abdominal pain, diarrhea, red fecal color.
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, astaxanthin 6 mg daily has caused two cases of increased bowel movements and two cases of red fecal color (91736). A higher dose of astaxanthin (AstaCarox, AstaReal AB) 40 mg daily has caused severe stomach/abdominal pain in two patients (19165).
Ocular/Otic ...Canthaxanthin, another carotenoid substance that is chemically related to astaxanthin, has caused crystals in the retina and loss of visual acuity in one patient (8455). This effect has not been observed with astaxanthin, but patients who have visual changes while taking astaxanthin should stop taking it immediately.
General
...Orally, krill oil seems to be well tolerated when used in doses up to 4 grams daily.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Bloating, decreased appetite, diarrhea, fishy burps, flatulence, heartburn, nausea, and stomach discomfort.
Cardiovascular ...Orally, krill oil may cause hypertension, but this effect has only been observed for one patient in one clinical trial (91600).
Dermatologic ...Orally, krill oil may cause minor facial skin rash, skin oiliness, or localized pimples (15754,91599,110372,110374).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, krill oil may cause gastrointestinal side effects including stomach discomfort or upset, decreased appetite, taste change, heartburn, fishy burps, bloating, flatulence, diarrhea, vomiting, and nausea (57836,91599,91600,110372,110374). However, these effects seem to be less severe or occur less often with krill oil compared to fish oil (15754).
Neurologic/CNS ...When taken orally, headache, tiredness, and dizziness have been reported rarely in clinical research (110372,110374).
Pulmonary/Respiratory ...When taken orally, sore throat has been reported rarely in clinical research (110372,110374).
General ...Orally, consuming omega-6 fatty acids in amounts found in foods is well tolerated.
Cardiovascular ...Dietary intake of the omega-6 fatty acid linoleic acid in amounts of 5% to 10% of daily calories is appropriate according to the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) (23723). However, higher intake levels, especially when compared with omega-3 fatty acid intake, might be detrimental. For example, a higher ratio of dietary omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids is thought to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease compared to a lower ratio (66678). However, the American Heart Association Nutrition Subcommittee of the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism, the Council on Cardiovascular Nursing, and the Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, suggest that reduction of omega-6 fatty acids in the diet is unlikely to be beneficial for the cardiovascular system if replaced with saturated or trans-fatty acids (66692). Population research has found that higher intake of omega-6 fatty acids might be associated with hypertension and increased levels of plasma homocysteine, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis (65498,66640,66642).
Musculoskeletal ...In epidemiological research, increased intake of omega-6 fatty acids was associated with elevated risk of fracture in the elderly (66662).
Neurologic/CNS ...In epidemiological research, an increased dietary ratio of omega-6 fatty acids to omega-3 fatty acids has been associated with an elevated risk of having a sleep disorder (107001).
Oncologic ...Some population research has found that high omega-6 fatty acid intake or blood levels are associated with an increased risk for cancer, including breast cancer and prostate cancer (3508,7824,66660,66664,66729).
Psychiatric ...In epidemiological research, adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) had higher levels of omega-6 and lower levels of omega-3 fatty acids in red blood cells (48200). The role of omega-6 fatty acids in ADHD is unclear; it is possible that the low levels of omega-3 fatty acids and essential fatty acids in general may be playing a role. Also, higher levels of some omega-6 fatty acids in the body are associated with greater depressive symptomology and neuroticism (65815,66659). Higher concentrations of some omega-6 fatty acids in red blood cells of patients with schizophrenia are correlated with positive schizotypal trait measures in healthy adults (66635). This may be related to increased intake of omega-6 fatty acids in the diet of patients with schizophrenia (96916).