Ingredients | Not Present |
---|---|
1000 mg | |
(Hericium erinaceus, Beta Glucans)
(25% beta glucans)
|
1000 mg |
(Mucuna pruriens )
(L-Dopa)
(98% L-Dopa)
|
750 mg |
(Citicoline)
(Citicoline from stabilized Cytidine 5'-Diphosphocholine)
|
500 mg |
Zynamite
(Mangifera indica Extract)
(Std. > or = 60% mangiferin)
|
500 mg |
(Bacopa monnieri )
(Bacosides)
(55% Bacosides)
|
300 mg |
Gelatin, Titanium Dioxide (Alt. Name: TiO2), FD&C Red #3
Below is general information about the effectiveness of the known ingredients contained in the product Morphobrain. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
Below is general information about the safety of the known ingredients contained in the product Morphobrain. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately, short-term. Bacopa has been used safely in clinical trials at a dose of up to 600 mg daily for up to 12 weeks (10058,10059,17946,97605).
CHILDREN: POSSIBLY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately, short-term.
Clinical research suggests bacopa extract might be safe to use at a dose of 225 mg daily for up to 6 months or 320 mg daily for up to 14 weeks in children aged 6-14 years (33304,97603,109625).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately, short-term (12131). Citicoline 1000-2000 mg daily has been used with apparent safety for up to 12 weeks (12130,43248,98230,104828,109015,109016). Citicoline 2500 mg daily has also been used with apparent safety for up to 7 weeks (100988). ...when citicoline is used intravenously or intramuscularly under medical supervision (12131). Citicoline has been administered intravenously with apparent safety at a dose of 500 mg daily for 7 days, or 2000 mg daily for 3 days (43229,98444,104828). ...when used topically on the eye. Citicoline 2% eye drops have been used with apparent safety for up to 3 years alone or in combination with cyanocobalamin 0.05% (98229,104824,104825,104826,104827).
CHILDREN: POSSIBLY SAFE
when citicoline is used orally and appropriately.
Citicoline has been used with apparent safety for up to 1 year at a dose of 250 mg daily in children under 5 years of age and 500 mg daily in children 5-13 years of age (98442).
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of citicoline when used intravenously in children.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately. Powdered formulations of cowhage seed that are standardized to provide levodopa 75-400 mg daily have been used with apparent safety for up to 20 weeks (7020,7203,97266).
POSSIBLY UNSAFE ...when the hair of the cowhage bean pod is used orally or topically. The bean pod hairs are strong irritants and can cause severe itching, burning, and inflammation (18).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally in amounts commonly found in foods. Tyrosine has Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status in the US (4912).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately in medicinal amounts, short-term. Tyrosine has been used safely in doses up to 150 mg/kg daily for up to 3 months (7210,7211,7215). ...when used topically and appropriately (6155).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of tyrosine during pregnancy and lactation when used in medicinal amounts.
Some pharmacokinetic research shows that taking a single dose of tyrosine 2-10 grams orally can modestly increase levels of free tyrosine in breast milk. However, total levels are not affected, and levels remain within the range found in infant formulas. Therefore, it is not clear if the increase in free tyrosine is a concern (91467).
Below is general information about the interactions of the known ingredients contained in the product Morphobrain. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
Theoretically, concurrent use might decrease the effectiveness of both agents.
Details
Bacopa seems to inhibit acetylcholinesterase and might increase acetylcholine levels, which could counteract the effects of anticholinergic drugs (17946). Similarly, anticholinergic drugs might counteract the cholinergic effects of bacopa.
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Theoretically, bacopa might increase the effects and adverse effects of cevimeline.
Details
In one case, a 58-year-old female taking cevimeline long-term for Sjogren syndrome experienced hyperhidrosis, malaise, nausea, and tachycardia shortly after taking a single dose of bacopa. Symptoms resolved after two days. Cevimeline is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 and CYP3A4, and researchers theorize that bacopa may have inhibited these isoenzymes (109627). However, it is unclear if bacopa causes clinically significant inhibition of either CYP2D6 or CYP3A4.
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Theoretically, concurrent use of bacopa with other cholinergic drugs might have additive effects.
Details
Bacopa seems to inhibit acetylcholinesterase and might increase acetylcholine levels (17946). Theoretically, this could result in additive cholinergic effects when used with cholinergic drugs.
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Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Details
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Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2C19 substrates.
Details
In vitro evidence suggests that bacopa extract can moderately and non-competitively inhibit CYP2C19 enzymes (97606). It is not known whether this is clinically significant.
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Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2C9 substrates.
Details
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Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Details
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Theoretically, bacopa might have additive effects when used with thyroid hormone.
Details
Animal research suggests that bacopa increases thyroxine (T4) levels in mice by about 40% (33286).
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Theoretically, concomitant use of cowhage and anesthesia might increase the risk of arrhythmias.
Details
Cowhage contains levodopa (7020,7205,46334,46336,94723,94724). Use of levodopa with cyclopropane or halogenated hydrocarbon anesthesia has led to arrhythmias. Other anesthetics have not been implicated (15). Use other anesthetics in patients taking cowhage or tell patients to stop taking cowhage at least 2 weeks before surgery.
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Theoretically, concomitant use of cowhage and antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Details
Animal research shows that cowhage might have hypoglycemic effects (7221).
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Theoretically, use of cowhage might decrease the clinical effects of antipsychotic drugs.
Details
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Theoretically, concomitant use of cowhage and guanethidine might increase the risk of hypotension.
Details
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Concomitant use can increase the risk of levodopa-related adverse effects.
Details
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Theoretically, concomitant use of cowhage and methyldopa might increase the risk of hypotension.
Details
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Theoretically, concomitant use of cowhage and non-selective MAOIs might increase the risk of hypertensive crisis.
Details
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Theoretically, use of TCAs might reduce the levels and clinical effects of cowhage.
Details
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Theoretically, lion's mane mushroom may increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.
Details
In vitro research suggests that lion's mane mushroom extracts can inhibit platelet aggregation (92619).
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Theoretically, lion's mane mushroom may have additive effects when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Details
Animal research suggests that an aqueous extract of lion's mane mushroom can reduce serum glucose and increase serum insulin (91996).
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Theoretically, concurrent use of lion's mane mushroom might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Details
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Theoretically, tyrosine might decrease the effectiveness of levodopa.
Details
Tyrosine and levodopa compete for absorption in the proximal duodenum by the large neutral amino acid (LNAA) transport system (2719). Advise patients to separate doses of tyrosine and levodopa by at least 2 hours.
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Theoretically, tyrosine might have additive effects with thyroid hormone medications.
Details
Tyrosine is a precursor to thyroxine and might increase levels of thyroid hormones (7212).
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Below is general information about the adverse effects of the known ingredients contained in the product Morphobrain. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
General
...Orally, bacopa is generally well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Abdominal cramps, diarrhea, dry mouth, headache, nausea.
Cardiovascular ...Orally, bacopa has been reported to cause palpitations (10058).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, bacopa has been reported to cause abdominal cramps, abdominal pain, bloating, decreased appetite, diarrhea, dry mouth, excessive thirst, flatulence, indigestion, nausea, and increased stool frequency. Rates of adverse gastrointestinal events have ranged from 12% to 30% (10058,17946,33295,97605,109623,111520).
Musculoskeletal ...Orally, bacopa has been reported to cause arthralgia, muscle fatigue, and myopathy (10058,109623,111522). In one case, a 21-year-old male experienced progressive proximal weakness, muscle atrophy, weight loss, dark urine, and elevated serum markers of myopathy, with muscle biopsy showing immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy, after taking a supplement containing bacopa for 5 years (111522).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, bacopa has been reported to cause drowsiness, headache, insomnia, and vivid dreams (10058,10059,17946,109623).
Other ...Orally, bacopa has been reported to cause flu like symptoms and fatigue (10058,97605,111520).
General
...Orally, intramuscularly, and intravenously, citicoline seems to be well-tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Abdominal pain, back pain, blurred vision, constipation, diarrhea, edema, headache, insomnia, nausea, rash.
Cardiovascular ...Orally, citicoline may cause chest pain, palpitations, hypotension, bradycardia, tachycardia, and peripheral edema in some patients, although the incidence is likely similar to placebo (12130,12131,12132,43225).
Dermatologic ...Orally, citicoline may cause skin rash in some patients (12130,12132,43248).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, citicoline may cause abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, and nausea in some patients (12130,12132,98846,100988,105730,109015).
Musculoskeletal ...Orally, citicoline may cause back pain in some patients (43225).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, citicoline may cause headache and insomnia in some patients (12130,43230,43273,98846,100988,109015,109016).
Ocular/Otic ...Orally, citicoline may cause blurred vision in some patients (12130,12132).
Other ...Orally, citicoline may cause edema of the extremities in some patients (43225).
General
...Orally, adverse effects to cowhage seem to be rare; however, a thorough safety evaluation has not been conducted.
Topically, cowhage bean pod or seed may be unsafe.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Diarrhea, flatulence, mucosal irritation.
Topically: Erythema, pruritus, rash.
Cardiovascular ...Orally, cowhage has been reported to cause palpitations (7021,7203)
Dermatologic
...Orally, ingestion of hairs from the bean pod or seed can result in significant mucosal irritation and should be avoided.
Topically, hairs on cowhage bean pod or seed can cause severe pruritus (6898). Symptoms include severe itching, burning, inflammation, and erythematous macular rashes (18,6898). Symptoms resolve spontaneously within several hours, but may also be relieved with antihistamines (6898). The hairs can be removed from the skin by washing, but the hairs can also be retained, and transferred to other people, in fabrics and carpets. Clothing and other materials that come in contact with cowhage hairs should also be thoroughly washed (6898).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, cowhage has been reported to cause flatulence, diarrhea, and dry mouth (7021,7203). Orally, a specific powdered cowhage seed extract (Zandopa, formerly HP-200; Zandu Pharmaceuticals) has been reported to cause nausea, abdominal distention, and vomiting in clinical research when taken in amounts of 22.5-67.5 grams divided into 2-5 doses per day (7020).
Musculoskeletal ...Orally, dyskinesia has been reported in clinical research in about 3% of patients taking a specific powdered cowhage seed extract (Zandopa, formerly HP-200; Zandu Pharmaceuticals) 22. 5-67.5 grams divided into 2-5 doses daily (7020).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, cowhage has been reported to cause headaches (7021,7203). Orally, insomnia has been reported in clinical research in about 3% of patients taking a specific powdered cowhage seed extract (Zandopa, formerly HP-200; Zandu Pharmaceuticals) 22.5 grams to 67.5 grams divided into 2-5 doses daily (7020).
Psychiatric ...In a case report, cowhage caused an outbreak of acute toxic psychosis. Symptoms of psychosis included confusion, giddiness, agitation, hallucinations, and paranoid delusions. The cowhage-induced psychosis was successfully treated with intravenous chlorpromazine (7021).
Other ...Orally, cowhage has been reported to cause sweating and changes in urine color, (7021,7203). Theoretically, due to the levodopa constituent, cowhage is likely to cause the same adverse effects that have been attributed to purified, prescription levodopa. Some of these side effects include elevated liver enzymes, respiratory disturbances, urinary retention, muscle cramps, and priapism (15). However, these effects have not yet been reported for cowhage.
General
...Orally, lion's mane mushroom is generally well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea, skin rash.
Dermatologic ...Orally, lion's mane mushroom may cause skin rash (105546).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, lion's mane mushroom may cause gastrointestinal discomfort and nausea (91999,105546).
General
...Orally, tyrosine seems to be well tolerated.
No serious adverse effects have been documented; however, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Fatigue, headache, heartburn, and nausea.
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, tyrosine can cause nausea and heartburn when taken at a dose of 150 mg/kg (7211). Taking tyrosine 4 grams daily in combination with 5-hydroxytryptophan 800 mg and carbidopa 100 mg can cause diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. These effects can be mitigated by lowering the dosage (918).
Musculoskeletal ...Orally, larger doses of tyrosine (150 mg/kg) can cause arthralgia, but this is uncommon (7211).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, larger doses of tyrosine (150 mg/kg) can cause headache and fatigue (7211). Taking a combination of tyrosine 4 grams, 5-hydroxytryptophan 800 mg, and carbidopa 100 mg can cause drowsiness and agitation. These effects can be mitigated by lowering the dosage (918).