Ingredients | Amount Per Serving |
---|---|
(Alpha-GPC)
(98%)
|
600 mg |
Intellectus
(Celastrus paniculatus Seed Oil Extract)
|
400 mg |
(Bacopa monnieri )
(Bacosides)
(50% bacosides HPLC)
|
300 mg |
(Fulvic Acid)
(50% fulvic acid)
|
100 mg |
(Huperzia serrata )
(Huperzine A)
(1% Huperzine A)
|
15 mg |
NeuroGF
(Embryonic Oligopeptides)
|
2.5 mg |
Vegetable Capsule, Magnesium Stearate (Alt. Name: Mg Stearate)
Below is general information about the effectiveness of the known ingredients contained in the product Brain XL. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
There is insufficient reliable information available about the effectiveness of toothed clubmoss.
Below is general information about the safety of the known ingredients contained in the product Brain XL. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately. Alpha-GPC has been used with apparent safety at doses of 400 mg three times daily (1200 mg/day) for up to 6 months (12102,12176). ...when used intramuscularly and appropriately. Alpha-GPC has been administered intramuscularly with apparent safety at doses of 1000-1200 mg/day for 28 to 90 days (12100,12102).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately, short-term. Bacopa has been used safely in clinical trials at a dose of up to 600 mg daily for up to 12 weeks (10058,10059,17946,97605).
CHILDREN: POSSIBLY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately, short-term.
Clinical research suggests bacopa extract might be safe to use at a dose of 225 mg daily for up to 6 months or 320 mg daily for up to 14 weeks in children aged 6-14 years (33304,97603,109625).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when processed shilajit is used orally and appropriately. Processed shilajit has been used with apparent safety in doses of 2 grams daily for 45 days or up to 500 mg daily for up to 48 weeks (112613,112614,112615,112616,112617,112618,112619,112621). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of crude or unprocessed shilajit when used orally or shilajit when used topically.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of shilajit when used during pregnancy and lactation.
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of toothed clubmoss.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
Below is general information about the interactions of the known ingredients contained in the product Brain XL. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
Theoretically, alpha-GPC might decrease the effects of scopolamine.
Details
A small clinical study shows that alpha-GPC can partially counteract the attention and memory impairment effects caused by scopolamine given intramuscularly (12103). Whether alpha-GPC can decrease the beneficial anti-motion sickness effects of the scopolamine patch (Transderm Scop) is unclear.
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Theoretically, concurrent use might decrease the effectiveness of both agents.
Details
Bacopa seems to inhibit acetylcholinesterase and might increase acetylcholine levels, which could counteract the effects of anticholinergic drugs (17946). Similarly, anticholinergic drugs might counteract the cholinergic effects of bacopa.
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Theoretically, bacopa might increase the effects and adverse effects of cevimeline.
Details
In one case, a 58-year-old female taking cevimeline long-term for Sjogren syndrome experienced hyperhidrosis, malaise, nausea, and tachycardia shortly after taking a single dose of bacopa. Symptoms resolved after two days. Cevimeline is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 and CYP3A4, and researchers theorize that bacopa may have inhibited these isoenzymes (109627). However, it is unclear if bacopa causes clinically significant inhibition of either CYP2D6 or CYP3A4.
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Theoretically, concurrent use of bacopa with other cholinergic drugs might have additive effects.
Details
Bacopa seems to inhibit acetylcholinesterase and might increase acetylcholine levels (17946). Theoretically, this could result in additive cholinergic effects when used with cholinergic drugs.
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Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Details
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Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2C19 substrates.
Details
In vitro evidence suggests that bacopa extract can moderately and non-competitively inhibit CYP2C19 enzymes (97606). It is not known whether this is clinically significant.
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Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2C9 substrates.
Details
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Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Details
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Theoretically, bacopa might have additive effects when used with thyroid hormone.
Details
Animal research suggests that bacopa increases thyroxine (T4) levels in mice by about 40% (33286).
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Taking shilajit with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Details
Most human and animal research shows that shilajit can decrease fasting plasma glucose levels (112621,112626,112627,112630,112638). In an animal model, shilajit 100 mg per kg daily enhanced the glucose-lowering ability of both glibenclamide and metformin when given in combination over a 4 week period (112638). Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary.
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In animal models, toothed clubmoss and huperzine A, an active constituent of toothed clubmoss, reversed cognitive deficits induced by scopolamine (3135, 103325). Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and toothed clubmoss might decrease the effectiveness of toothed clubmoss or the anticholinergic drug.
Details
Some anticholinergic drugs include atropine, benztropine (Cogentin), biperiden (Akineton), procyclidine (Kemadrin), and trihexyphenidyl (Artane).
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Huperzine A, a constituent of toothed clubmoss, has demonstrated acetylcholinesterase inhibitory properties (3082,103325). Theoretically, concurrent use of toothed clubmoss with cholinergic drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of cholinergic side effects.
Details
Cholinergic drugs include bethanechol (Urecholine), donepezil (Aricept), echothiophate (Phospholine Iodide), edrophonium (Enlon, Reversol, Tensilon), neostigmine (Prostigmin), physostigmine (Antilirium), pyridostigmine (Mestinon, Regonol), succinylcholine (Anectine, Quelicin), and tacrine (Cognex).
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Below is general information about the adverse effects of the known ingredients contained in the product Brain XL. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
General
...Orally, alpha-GPC seems to be well tolerated.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: Stroke.
Dermatologic ...Orally, some patients can experience skin rash (12102). Intramuscularly, alpha-GPC can cause erythema at the injection site (12101).
Gastrointestinal
...Orally, alpha-GPC has been rarely associated with diarrhea, heartburn, nausea, and vomiting (12102).
Intramuscularly, alpha-GPC has been rarely associated with diarrhea, heartburn, nausea, and vomiting (12102).
Neurologic/CNS
...Orally, alpha-GPC has been rarely associated with dizziness, excitation, headache, and insomnia (12102).
Alpha-GPC use for at least 2 months has also been associated with an elevated risk of stroke when compared with non-users or those who used alpha-GPC for less than 2 months (108883).
Intramuscularly, alpha-GPC has been rarely associated with confusion, excitation, fainting, headache, and insomnia (12102).
General
...Orally, bacopa is generally well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Abdominal cramps, diarrhea, dry mouth, headache, nausea.
Cardiovascular ...Orally, bacopa has been reported to cause palpitations (10058).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, bacopa has been reported to cause abdominal cramps, abdominal pain, bloating, decreased appetite, diarrhea, dry mouth, excessive thirst, flatulence, indigestion, nausea, and increased stool frequency. Rates of adverse gastrointestinal events have ranged from 12% to 30% (10058,17946,33295,97605,109623,111520).
Musculoskeletal ...Orally, bacopa has been reported to cause arthralgia, muscle fatigue, and myopathy (10058,109623,111522). In one case, a 21-year-old male experienced progressive proximal weakness, muscle atrophy, weight loss, dark urine, and elevated serum markers of myopathy, with muscle biopsy showing immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy, after taking a supplement containing bacopa for 5 years (111522).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, bacopa has been reported to cause drowsiness, headache, insomnia, and vivid dreams (10058,10059,17946,109623).
Other ...Orally, bacopa has been reported to cause flu like symptoms and fatigue (10058,97605,111520).
General
...Orally, processed shilajit seems to be well tolerated.
Topically, no adverse effects have been reported. However, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: A case report has raised concerns about pseudohyperaldosteronism.
Cardiovascular ...Orally, a case of hypertension related to mineralocorticoid-excess syndrome or pseudohyperaldosteronism is reported in a 37-year-old female following the use of shilajit for 6 months during pregnancy. Electrocardiographic findings were normal. Product discontinuation and treatment with intravenous and oral potassium led to restoration of blood pressure and potassium levels (112622). The role of shilajit in this adverse effect cannot be confirmed. The presence of other ingredients or contaminants in the product was not ruled out.
Endocrine ...Orally, a case of apparent mineralocorticoid excess, or pseudohyperaldosteronism, with edema, increased urinary potassium, calcium, and magnesium loss, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis, is reported in a 37-year-old female following the use of shilajit for 6 months during pregnancy. Product discontinuation and treatment with intravenous and oral potassium led to restoration of potassium levels (112622). The role of shilajit in this adverse effect cannot be confirmed. The presence of other ingredients or contaminants in the product was not ruled out.
Immunologic ...Orally, a case of allergy to shilajit made worse by exercise is reported in a 43-year-old female. Although symptoms were lacking when shilajit 400 mg was taken daily with meals for 3 months, she developed hives within an hour of taking a single dose of shilajit 800 mg. With intramuscular corticosteroids, symptoms improved but did not resolve. The next day, following a meal and physical activity she developed anaphylaxis requiring adrenaline and intravenous corticosteroids (112620).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, headache is reported rarely following shilajit intake in clinical research (112616).
General
...No adverse effects have been reported.
However, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.
Orally, huperzine A, a constituent of toothed clubmoss, can cause dizziness, nausea, and sweating (3140).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, huperzine A, a constituent of toothed clubmoss, can cause nausea (3140).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, huperzine A, a constituent of toothed clubmoss, can cause dizziness and sweating (3140).