Ingredients | Amount Per Serving |
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Proprietary Blend
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(root)
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(root)
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(root)
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(root)
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fresh Ocotillo
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Grain Alcohol Note: 60-70% by volume, deionized Water
Below is general information about the effectiveness of the known ingredients contained in the product Cholesterlow. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
There is insufficient reliable information available about the effectiveness of New Jersey tea.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
Below is general information about the safety of the known ingredients contained in the product Cholesterlow. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used in amounts commonly found in foods (12659,12660). Burdock root is commonly eaten as a vegetable (37422,92153,92154)
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used topically, short-term. An emulsion containing burdock fruit extract 1.2% has been safely applied to the face twice daily for 4 weeks (37420). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of burdock when used orally in supplemental doses.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally in amounts commonly found in foods. Dandelion has Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) status in the US (4912).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately in medicinal amounts (12).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using amounts greater than those in foods.
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of New Jersey tea.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately, short-term. Turmeric products providing up to 8 grams of curcumin have been safely used for up to 2 months (10453,11144,11150,17953,79085,89720,89721,89724,89728,101347)(81036,101349,107110,107116,107117,107118,107121,109278,109283). Turmeric in doses up to 3 grams daily has been used with apparent safety for up to 3 months (102350,104146,104148). ...when used topically and appropriately (11148).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used as an enema, short-term. Turmeric extract in water has been used as a daily enema for up to 8 weeks (89729). ...when used topically as a mouthwash, short-term. A mouthwash containing 0.05% turmeric extract and 0.05% eugenol has been used safely twice daily for up to 21 days (89723).
PREGNANCY: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally in amounts commonly found in food.
PREGNANCY: LIKELY UNSAFE
when used orally in medicinal amounts; turmeric might stimulate the uterus and increase menstrual flow (12).
LACTATION: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally in amounts commonly found in food.
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of using turmeric in medicinal amounts during lactation.
Below is general information about the interactions of the known ingredients contained in the product Cholesterlow. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
Theoretically, taking burdock with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.
Details
In vitro research shows that lignans from burdock reduce rabbit platelet aggregation by inhibiting platelet activating factor (12619). This interaction has not been reported in humans. |
Theoretically, taking dandelion root along with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
Details
In vitro research suggests that dandelion root inhibits platelet aggregation (18291).
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Theoretically, dandelion might increase the risk for hypoglycemia when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Details
Laboratory research suggests that dandelion extract may have moderate alpha-glucosidase inhibitor activity and might also increase insulin secretion (13474,90926). Also, in a case report, a 58-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes who was being treated with insulin developed hypoglycemia 2 weeks after beginning to eat salads containing dandelion (46960).
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Theoretically, dandelion might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Details
Laboratory research suggests that dandelion might inhibit CYP1A2 (12734). So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans. However, until more is known, watch for an increase in the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2 in patients taking dandelion.
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Theoretically, dandelion might increase the clearance of drugs that are UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates.
Details
There is some preliminary evidence that dandelion might induce UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, a phase II enzyme (12734).
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Theoretically, through diuretic effects, dandelion might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
Details
Animal research suggests that dandelion has diuretic properties (13475). As diuretics can increase serum lithium levels, the dose of lithium might need to be decreased when taken with dandelion.
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Theoretically, dandelion might increase the risk of hyperkalemia when taken with potassium-sparing diuretics.
Details
Dandelion contains significant amounts of potassium (13465).
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Theoretically, dandelion might lower fluoroquinolone levels.
Details
Animal research shows that dandelion reduces absorption of ciprofloxacin and can lower levels by 73% (13477). However, this effect has not been reported in humans.
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Turmeric has antioxidant effects. Theoretically, this may reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs that generate free radicals. However, research is conflicting.
Details
In vitro research suggests that curcumin, a constituent of turmeric, inhibits mechlorethamine-induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells by up to 70%. Also, animal research shows that curcumin inhibits cyclophosphamide-induced tumor regression (96126). However, some in vitro research shows that curcumin does not affect the apoptosis capacity of etoposide. Also, other laboratory research suggests that curcumin might augment the cytotoxic effects of alkylating agents. Reasons for the discrepancies may relate to the dose of curcumin and the specific chemotherapeutic agent. Lower doses of curcumin might have antioxidant effects while higher doses might have pro-oxidant effects (96125). More evidence is needed to determine what effect, if any, turmeric might have on alkylating agents.
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Taking turmeric with amlodipine may increase levels of amlodipine.
Details
Animal research shows that giving amlodipine 1 mg/kg as a single dose following the use of turmeric extract 200 mg/kg daily for 2 weeks increases the maximum concentration and area under the curve by 53% and 56%, respectively, when compared with amlodipine alone (107113). Additional animal research shows that taking amlodipine 1 mg/kg with a curcumin 2 mg/kg pretreatment for 10 days increases the maximum concentration and area under the curve by about 2-fold when compared with amlodipine alone (103099).
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Turmeric may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs. However, research is conflicting.
Details
Curcumin, a constituent of turmeric, has demonstrated antiplatelet effects in vitro (11143,81204,81271). Furthermore, two case reports have found that taking turmeric along with warfarin or fluindione was associated with an increased international normalized ratio (INR) (89718,100906). However, one clinical study in healthy volunteers shows that taking curcumin 500 mg daily for 3 weeks, alone or with aspirin 100 mg, does not increase antiplatelet effects or bleeding risk (96137). It is possible that the dose of turmeric used in this study was too low to produce a notable effect.
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Theoretically, taking turmeric with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Details
Animal research and case reports suggest that curcumin, a turmeric constituent, can reduce blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes (79692,79984,80155,80313,80315,80476,80553,81048,81219). Furthermore, clinical research in adults with type 2 diabetes shows that taking curcumin 475 mg daily for 10 days prior to taking glyburide 5 mg decreased postprandial glucose levels for up to 24 hours when compared with glyburide alone, despite the lack of a significant pharmacokinetic interaction (96133). Another clinical study in patients with diabetes on hemodialysis shows that taking curcumin 80 mg daily for 12 weeks can reduce blood glucose levels when compared with placebo (104149).
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Turmeric has antioxidant effects. Theoretically, this may reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs that generate free radicals. However, research is conflicting.
Details
In vitro and animal research shows that curcumin, a constituent of turmeric, inhibits doxorubicin-induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells by up to 65% (96126). However, curcumin does not seem to affect the apoptosis capacity of daunorubicin. In fact, some research shows that curcumin might augment the cytotoxic effects of antitumor antibiotics, increasing their effectiveness. Reasons for the discrepancies may relate to the dose of curcumin and the chemotherapeutic agent. Lower doses of curcumin might have antioxidant effects while higher doses might have pro-oxidant effects (96125). More evidence is needed to determine what effects, if any, antioxidants such as turmeric have on antitumor antibiotics.
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Theoretically, turmeric might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A1. However, research is conflicting.
Details
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Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2. However, research is conflicting.
Details
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Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Details
In vitro and animal research show that turmeric and its constituent curcumin inhibit CYP3A4 (21497,21498,21499). In one case report, a transplant patient presented with acute nephrotoxicity and elevated tacrolimus levels of 29 ng/mL. The patient previously had tacrolimus levels within the therapeutic range at 9.7 ng/mL. Ten days prior to presenting to the emergency room the patient started consumption of turmeric powder at a dose of 15 or more spoonfuls daily. It was thought that turmeric increased levels of tacrolimus due to CYP3A4 inhibition (93544).
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Theoretically, turmeric might increase blood levels of oral docetaxel.
Details
Animal research suggests that the turmeric constituent, curcumin, enhances the oral bioavailability of docetaxel (80999). However, the significance of this interaction is unclear, as this drug is typically administered intravenously in clinical settings.
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Theoretically, large amounts of turmeric might interfere with hormone replacement therapy through competition for estrogen receptors.
Details
In vitro research shows that curcumin, a constituent of turmeric, displaces the binding of estrogen to its receptors (21486).
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Theoretically, taking turmeric and glyburide in combination might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Details
Clinical research shows that taking curcumin 475 mg daily for 10 days prior to taking glyburide 5 mg increases blood levels of glyburide by 12% at 2 hours after the dose in patients with type 2 diabetes. While maximal blood concentrations of glyburide were not affected, turmeric modestly decreased postprandial glucose levels for up to 24 hours when compared to glyburide alone, possibly due to the hypoglycemic effect of turmeric demonstrated in animal research (96133).
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Theoretically, turmeric might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Details
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Theoretically, turmeric might increase the effects of losartan.
Details
Research in hypertensive rats shows that taking turmeric can increase the hypotensive effects of losartan (110897).
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Theoretically, turmeric might increase the effects and adverse effects of norfloxacin.
Details
Animal research shows that taking curcumin, a turmeric constituent, can increase blood levels of orally administered norfloxacin (80863).
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Theoretically, turmeric might increase the absorption of P-glycoprotein substrates.
Details
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Theoretically, turmeric might alter blood levels of paclitaxel, although any effect may not be clinically relevant.
Details
Clinical research in adults with breast cancer receiving intravenous paclitaxel suggests that taking turmeric may modestly alter paclitaxel pharmacokinetics. Patients received paclitaxel on day 1, followed by either no treatment or turmeric 2 grams daily from days 2-22. Pharmacokinetic modeling suggests that turmeric reduces the maximum concentration and area under the curve of paclitaxel by 12.1% and 7.7%, respectively. However, these changes are not likely to be considered clinically relevant (108876). Conversely, animal research suggests that curcumin, a constituent of turmeric, enhances the oral bioavailability of paclitaxel (22005). However, the significance of this interaction is unclear, as this drug is typically administered intravenously in clinical settings.
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Turmeric might increase the effects and adverse effects of sulfasalazine.
Details
Clinical research shows that taking the turmeric constituent, curcumin, can increase blood levels of sulfasalazine by 3.2-fold (81131).
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Turmeric might increase the effects and adverse effects of tacrolimus.
Details
In one case report, a transplant patient presented with acute nephrotoxicity and elevated tacrolimus levels of 29 ng/mL. The patient previously had tacrolimus levels within the therapeutic range at 9.7 ng/mL. Ten days prior to presenting at the emergency room the patient started consumption of turmeric powder at a dose of 15 or more spoonfuls daily. It was thought that turmeric increased levels of tacrolimus due to cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inhibition (93544). In vitro and animal research show that turmeric and its constituent curcumin inhibit CYP3A4 (21497,21498,21499).
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Turmeric may reduce the absorption of talinolol in some situations.
Details
Clinical research shows that taking curcumin for 6 days decreases the bioavailability of talinolol when taken together on the seventh day (80079). The clinical significance of this effect is unclear.
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Theoretically, turmeric might reduce the levels and clinical effects of tamoxifen.
Details
In a small clinical trial in patients with breast cancer taking tamoxifen 20-30 mg daily, adding curcumin 1200 mg plus piperine 10 mg three times daily reduces the 24-hour area under the curve of tamoxifen and the active metabolite endoxifen by 12.8% and 12.4%, respectively, as well as the maximum concentrations of tamoxifen, when compared with tamoxifen alone. However, in the absence of piperine, the area under the curve for endoxifen and the maximum concentration of tamoxifen were not significantly reduced. Effects were most pronounced in patients who were extensive cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 metabolizers (107123).
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Turmeric has antioxidant effects. There is some concern that this may reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs that generate free radicals. However, research is conflicting.
Details
In vitro research shows that curcumin, a constituent of turmeric, inhibits camptothecin-induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells by up to 71% (96126). However, other in vitro research shows that curcumin augments the cytotoxic effects of camptothecin. Reasons for the discrepancies may relate to the dose of curcumin and the chemotherapeutic agents. Lower doses of curcumin might have antioxidant effects while higher doses might have pro-oxidant effects (96125). More evidence is needed to determine what effect, if any, turmeric might have.
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Turmeric might increase the risk of bleeding with warfarin.
Details
One case of increased international normalized ratio (INR) has been reported for a patient taking warfarin who began taking turmeric. Prior to taking turmeric, the patient had stable INR measurements. Within a few weeks of starting turmeric supplementation, the patient's INR increased to 10 (100906). Additionally, curcumin, the active constituent in turmeric, has demonstrated antiplatelet effects in vitro (11143,81204,81271), which may produce additive effects when taken with warfarin.
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Below is general information about the adverse effects of the known ingredients contained in the product Cholesterlow. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
General
...Orally, burdock is well tolerated when consumed as a food.
Although a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes is lacking, there has been long-standing historical use of burdock with few noted adverse effects.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
All ROAs: Allergic reactions, including contact dermatitis and anaphylaxis.
Dermatologic ...Contact dermatitis has been reported secondary to burdock, especially after prolonged use of the root oil (37422). There are cases of allergic dermatitis secondary to using burdock plasters. Two males and a 14 year-old female developed erythematous and vesicular, pruritic, and exudative reactions in areas corresponding to the application of burdock root plasters (12667). Reactions occurred up to 7 days after initial use. Patch testing was positive for burdock sensitivity in all three patients and was nonreactive in matched controls.
Hematologic ...In one case report, a 38-year-old female developed immune-mediated thrombocytopenia after consuming a "cleansing" tea containing unknown amounts of burdock and yellow dock. The patient presented with bruising, mild weakness, and fatigue, which started 2-3 days after consuming the tea, and was found to have a platelet count of 5,000 per mcL. Symptoms resolved after platelet transfusion and treatment with oral dexamethasone (108971). It is unclear if these effects were caused by burdock, yellow dock, the combination, or other contributing factors.
Hepatic ...A case of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver disease (DILI) is reported in a 36-year-old female who presented with abdominal pain after 1 month of taking an herbal liver detox tea containing burdock and other ingredients. Remarkable laboratory values included elevated liver enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin. The patient received a loading dose of N-acetylcysteine and was hospitalized for 12 days (112178). However, it is unclear if the adverse effect was due to burdock, other ingredients, or the combination.
Immunologic ...There is one case of anaphylactic shock secondary to eating boiled burdock. One hour after eating boiled burdock the patient presented with redness over the entire body and dyspnea. He was found to have low blood pressure and was treated with subcutaneous epinephrine 1 mg and intravenous lactated ringer's solution containing hydrocortisone 100 mg and dexamethasone 8 mg. The cause of anaphylactic shock was attributed to allergenicity to burdock based on positive skin prick test results. Previously, the patient had experienced urticaria after eating boiled burdock (12660).
Neurologic/CNS ...Anticholinergic reactions including dry mouth, dizziness, blurred vision, weakness, dilated pupils, inability to urinate, and bradycardia have been reported following the consumption of burdock products (12662,37421,37431,37434,37435). However, these anticholinergic reactions are believed result from contamination of burdock with belladonna alkaloids. Burdock itself does not contain atropine or other constituents that would be responsible for these reactions.
General
...Orally, dandelion seems to be well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Diarrhea, heartburn, and stomach discomfort.
Topically: Dermatitis in sensitive individuals.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: Anaphylaxis in sensitive individuals.
Cardiovascular ...In one report, a 39-year-old obese woman developed palpitations and syncope after taking a weight loss supplement containing a combination of dandelion, bladderwrack, and boldo for 3 weeks. The patient was found to have prolonged QT-interval on ECG and frequent episodes of sustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (14321). It is not clear whether dandelion, another ingredient, or the combination of ingredients is responsible for this adverse effect. The product was not analyzed to determine the presence of any potential toxic contaminants.
Dermatologic ...Topically, dandelion can cause contact dermatitis and erythema multiforme in sensitive individuals. Dandelion can cause an allergic reaction in individuals sensitive to the Asteraceae/Compositae family (13478,13481,42893,46945,46977). Members of this family include ragweed, chrysanthemums, marigolds, daisies, and many other herbs.
Endocrine ...In one report, a 56-year-old man with renal impairment developed hyperoxalaemia and peripheral gangrene after ingesting large amounts of dandelion tea (10 to 15 cups daily for 6 months). The adverse effect was attributed to the high oxalate content of dandelion tea (258 mcmol/L) and reduced renal oxalate clearance caused by renal impairment (90639). In another report, a 58-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes who was being treated with insulin developed hypoglycemic symptoms 2 weeks after beginning to eat salads containing dandelion (46960). The hypoglycemic effect was attributed to the potential alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of dandelion.
Gastrointestinal ...Gastrointestinal symptoms, including stomach discomfort, diarrhea, and heartburn, have been reported following oral use of dandelion (19146,36931). A case of intestinal blockage has been reported for a patient who ingested a large amount of dandelion greens three weeks after undergoing a stomach operation (46981). Also, a case of hemorrhagic cystitis has been reported for a 33-year-old woman who took a specific herbal product (Slim-Kombu, Balestra and Mech, Vicenza, Italy) containing 20 herbal extracts, including dandelion extract. Symptoms resolved after the patient discontinued using the product, and symptoms resumed when the patient began taking the supplement again four months later. While various ingredients in the supplement may have contributed to the symptoms, it is possible that dandelion extract may have contributed to the effect due to its diurectic, laxative, cholagogue, and antirheumatic properties (46959).
Other ...Orally, products containing dandelion pollen can cause allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis (13479,13480). Also, rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma have been reported after handling products such as bird feed containing dandelion and other herbs, with reported positive skin tests for dandelion hypersensitivity (46948). Dandelion pollen may cause pollinosis, such as allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis (18065,46951,46964,46966,46972).
General ...None reported; however, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.
General
...Orally and topically, turmeric is generally well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Constipation, dyspepsia, diarrhea, distension, gastroesophageal reflux, nausea, and vomiting.
Topically: Curcumin, a constituent of turmeric, can cause contact urticaria and pruritus.
Cardiovascular ...Orally, a higher dose of turmeric in combination with other ingredients has been linked to atrioventricular heart block in one case report. It is unclear if turmeric caused this adverse event or if other ingredients or a contaminant were the cause. The patient had taken a combination supplement containing turmeric 1500-2250 mg, black soybean 600-900 mg, mulberry leaves, garlic, and arrowroot each about 300-450 mg, twice daily for one month before experiencing atrioventricular heart block. Heart rhythm normalized three days after discontinuation of the product. Re-administration of the product resulted in the same adverse effect (17720).
Dermatologic ...Following occupational and/or topical exposure, turmeric or its constituents curcumin, tetrahydrocurcumin, or turmeric oil, can cause allergic contact dermatitis (11146,79270,79470,79934,81410,81195). Topically, curcumin can also cause rash or contact urticaria (79985,97432,112117). In one case, a 60-year-old female, with no prior reactivity to regular oral consumption of turmeric products, developed urticaria after topical application of turmeric massage oil (97432). A case of pruritus has been reported following topical application of curcumin ointment to the scalp for the treatment of melanoma (11148). Orally, curcumin may cause pruritus, but this appears to be relatively uncommon (81163,97427,104148). Pitting edema may also occur following oral intake of turmeric extract, but the frequency of this adverse event is less common with turmeric than with ibuprofen (89720). A combination of curcumin plus fluoxetine may cause photosensitivity (89728).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, turmeric can cause gastrointestinal adverse effects (107110,107112,112118), including constipation (81149,81163,96135), flatulence and yellow, hard stools (81106,96135), nausea and vomiting (10453,17952,89720,89728,96127,96131,96135,97430,112117,112118), diarrhea or loose stool (10453,17952,18204,89720,96135,110223,112117,112118), dyspepsia (17952,89720,89721,96161,112118), gastritis (89728), distension and gastroesophageal reflux disease (18204,89720), abdominal fullness and pain (81036,89720,96161,97430), epigastric burning (81444), and tongue staining (89723).
Hepatic
...Orally, turmeric has been associated with liver damage, including non-infectious hepatitis, cholestasis, and hepatocellular liver injury.
There have been at least 70 reports of liver damage associated with taking turmeric supplements for at least 2 weeks and for up to 14 months. Most cases of liver damage resolved upon discontinuation of the turmeric supplement. Sometimes, turmeric was used concomitantly with other supplements and medications (99304,102346,103094,103631,103633,103634,107122,109288,110221). The Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN) has identified 10 cases of liver injury which were considered to be either definitely, highly likely, or probably associated with turmeric; none of these cases were associated with the use of turmeric in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic supplements. Most patients (90%) presented with hepatocellular pattern of liver injury. The median age of these case reports was 56 years and 90% identified as White. In these case reports, the carrier frequency on HLAB*35:01 was 70%, which is higher than the carrier frequency found in the general population. Of the ten patients, 5 were hospitalized and 1 died from liver injury (109288).
It is not clear if concomitant use with other supplements or medications contributes to the risk for liver damage. Many case reports did not report turmeric formulation, dosing, or duration of use (99304,103094,103631,103634,109288). However, at least 10 cases involved high doses of curcumin (250-1812.5 mg daily) and the use of highly bioavailable formulations such as phytosomal curcumin and formulations containing piperine (102346,103633,107122,109288,110221).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, the turmeric constituent curcumin can cause vertigo, but this effect seems to be uncommon (81163).
Psychiatric ...Orally, the turmeric constituent curcumin or a combination of curcumin and fluoxetine can cause giddiness, although this event seems to be uncommon (81206,89728).
Other ...There is a single case report of death associated with intravenous use of turmeric. However, analysis of the treatment vial suggests that the vial contained only 0.023% of the amount of curcumin listed on the label. Also, the vial had been diluted in a solution of ungraded polyethylene glycol (PEG) 40 castor oil that was contaminated with 1.25% diethylene glycol. Therefore the cause of death is unknown but is unlikely to be related to the turmeric (96136).