Citrus Bioflavonoid Caps by Twinlab

INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE

• Aging skin. It is unclear if topical rutin is beneficial for aging skin. Details: Preliminary clinical research shows that topical application of a cream containing rutin 2% twice daily for 4 weeks reduces signs of skin aging around the eye in females aged 30-50 years. Skin dermal density is improved by 20%, area of crow's feet is reduced by 26%, and the number of wrinkles under the eye is reduced by 53% when compared with placebo (92236).
• Autism spectrum disorder. Oral rutin has only been evaluated in combination with other ingredients; its effect when used alone is unclear. Details: Preliminary clinical research in children 4-10 years-old with autism spectrum disorder shows that taking a product containing rutin 3 mg/kg, luteolin 10 mg/kg, and quercetin 7 mg/kg daily for 26 weeks improves aspects of behavior, such as hyperactivity, irritability, and lethargy, by a moderate to large amount when compared to baseline. It also seems to improve some indices of functioning, such as daily living and social behavior, by a small amount. These improvements were considered to be greater than expected when taking aging into consideration; however, no placebo was used in this study (96765).
• Diabetes. It is unclear if oral rutin is beneficial for diabetes. Details: A small clinical study in adults with type 2 diabetes conducted in Iran shows that taking rutin 500 mg twice daily for 3 months reduces fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin by approximately 40 mg/dL and 1%, respectively, and modestly reduces triglycerides and total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol when compared with placebo (112182). The interpretation of these findings is limited by the omission of data regarding concurrent diabetes medications. A small observational study in patients with a family history of type 1 diabetes shows that taking a specific product (Mucos Pharma) containing rutin 100 mg, trypsin 48 mg, and bromelain 90 mg daily for 24 months is not associated with reduced incidence of type 1 diabetes at 8 years (99472).
• Exercise-induced respiratory infections. Oral rutin has only been evaluated in combination with other ingredients; its effect when used alone is unclear. Details: Preliminary clinical research in non-elite male runners shows that taking a combination product (Wobenzym Plus, Mucos Pharma) providing rutin 600-1200 mg, trypsin 288-576 mg, and bromelain 540-1080 mg daily for 3 weeks, starting one week before a marathon, does not reduce the risk of a post-race respiratory tract infection when compared with placebo (96766).
• Hemorrhoids. Although there is interest in using oral rutin for hemorrhoids, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of rutin for this condition.
• Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although there is interest in using oral rutin for IBD, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of rutin for these conditions.
• Lymphedema. Oral rutin has only been evaluated in combination with other ingredients; its effect when used alone is unclear. Details: Some clinical research in patients who have undergone a mastectomy shows that taking a specific combination product containing rutin, pancreatin, papain, bromelain, trypsin, and chymotrypsin (Wobenzym N, Mucos Pharma) daily for 7 weeks reduces arm swelling associated with lymphedema when compared with diuretics (24560). Also, preliminary clinical research in patients with primary or secondary lymphedema of the upper or lower limbs shows that taking a combination product containing rutin 300 mg, bromelain 100 mg, and sweet clover 100 mg daily for 6 months decreases pitting, limb volume, pain, and quality of life when compared to baseline (103298). The validity of these findings is limited by the lack of a comparator group. Also, it is unclear if these effects are due to rutin, other ingredients, or the combination.
• Multiple sclerosis (MS). Oral rutin has only been evaluated in combination with other ingredients; its effect when used alone is unclear. Details: A preliminary clinical study in patients with relapsing-remitting MS shows that taking an enzyme combination containing rutin 100 mg, trypsin 48 mg, and bromelain 90 mg per tablet for at least 3 months does not affect the progression of disability, relapse rate, or central nervous system lesions when compared with placebo (99468). The validity of these results are limited by the short duration of treatment.
• Obesity. It is unclear if oral rutin is beneficial for obesity. Details: In Japanese adults with a body mass index (BMI) of 23-30 kg/m2, a small clinical trial shows that taking a specific monoglucosyl rutin ( αG Rutin PS) 200 mg or 400 mg daily for 8 weeks reduces the area of visceral fat by 2.4 cm and 3.5 cm, respectively, compared with an increase of 5.2 cm in those taking placebo. However, there were no differences between groups in the actual value of visceral fat, changes in total fat or subcutaneous fat, BMI, body weight, abdominal circumference, or cholesterol or triglyceride levels (105298).
• Oral mucositis. Although there is interest in using oral rutin for oral mucositis, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of rutin for this condition.
• Osteoarthritis. Oral rutin has only been evaluated in combination with other ingredients; its effect when used alone is unclear. Details: Clinical research shows that taking a specific combination product (Wobenzym PS, formerly Phlogenzym, Mucos Pharma) at a dose providing up to 600 mg rutin, 288 mg trypsin, and 540 mg bromelain daily for 3-12 weeks, is as effective as diclofenac for relieving pain and improving knee function in patients with painful osteoarthritis of the knee. This product also reduces the need for rescue medication by 95% when compared with placebo (6252,91104,99467,99477).
• Postoperative swelling. Oral rutin has only been evaluated in combination with other ingredients; its effect when used alone is unclear. Details: A small preliminary clinical study in patients undergoing surgery of the jaw shows that taking an enzyme combination of rutin 200 mg, trypsin 96 mg, and bromelain 180 mg twice daily for 5 days in addition to standard treatment reduces soft-tissue thickness (indicating the amount of swelling) at most of the nine assessed facial points when compared to control (99476).
• Sprains. Oral rutin has only been evaluated in combination with other ingredients; its effect when used alone is unclear. Details: A clinical study in patients with a sprained ankle shows that taking a specific enzyme combination (Phlogenzym, Mucos Pharma) containing rutin 100 mg, trypsin 48 mg, and bromelain 90 mg, or taking different combinations of the individual enzymes three times daily for 10 days, is no more effective for relieving pain than placebo (99473).
• Stroke. Although there is interest in using oral rutin for stroke prevention, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of rutin for this purpose.
• Sunburn. Although there is interest in using topical rutin for sunburn prevention, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of rutin for this purpose.
• Varicose veins. Although there is interest in using oral rutin for varicose veins, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of rutin for this condition. More evidence is needed to rate rutin for these uses.

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LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally in amounts found in foods, such as fruits and vegetables.

POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally in medicinal amounts, short-term. Rutin has been used with apparent safety at doses of up to 600 mg daily for up to 12 weeks (6252,24560,91104,96766,105298). ...when applied topically as a cream (92236,99258,99260).

PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally in amounts commonly found in foods. There is insufficient reliable information available about the use of supplemental rutin; avoid amounts greater than those found in foods.

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ANTIDIABETES DRUGS Interaction Rating = Moderate Be cautious with this combination. Severity = Moderate •  Occurrence = Possible •  Level of Evidence = D Theoretically, taking rutin with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.  Details Animal research suggests that rutin has hypoglycemic effects (105299).

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General ...Orally, rutin is generally well tolerated.

Dermatologic ...Orally, rutin may cause flushing and rashes in some people (313).

Gastrointestinal ...Orally, rutin may cause gastrointestinal disturbance in some people (313).

Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, rutin may cause headache in some people (313).

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