| Ingredients | Amount Per Serving |
|---|---|
|
Cellular & Immune Support Proprietary Blend
|
950 mg |
|
Extracts of Scutellaria barbata
(Scutellaria barbata )
(leaf)
|
|
|
Turmeric Rhizome
(Curcuma longa )
(BCM-95)
|
|
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(Astragalus membranaceus )
(root)
|
|
|
BreastDefend Herbally Enhanced Mushroom Proprietary Blend
|
500 mg |
|
(Trametes versicolor )
|
|
|
(Ganoderma lucidum )
|
|
|
(Phellinus linteus )
|
|
|
(DIM)
|
200 mg |
Vegetable Capsule (Form: natural Vegetable Cellulose, Water), Microcrystalline Cellulose, Magnesium Stearate, Silicon Dioxide (Alt. Name: SiO2)
Below is general information about the effectiveness of the known ingredients contained in the product BreastDefend. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
Below is general information about the safety of the known ingredients contained in the product BreastDefend. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately. Doses of astragalus up to 60 grams daily for up to 4 months have been used without reported adverse effects (32920,33038,95909). ...when used intravenously. Infusion of doses up to 80 grams daily for up to 4 months under the supervision of a medical professional have been used with apparent safety (32811,32812,32828,95909). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of astragalus when used topically.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
There is insufficient reliable information in humans.
However, astragaloside, a constituent of astragalus, has maternal and fetal toxic effects in animals (32881). Avoid using.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately. Black hoof mushroom extract has been used safely in doses of 1 or 2 grams daily for up to 8 weeks (111930,111931).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally in amounts commonly found in foods. The typical diet supplies 2-24 mg of diindolylmethane daily (7170,7176,7664).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately in medicinal doses. Diindolylmethane has been used with apparent safety at a dose of 45 mg daily for up to 6 months or at a higher dose of 100-140 mg daily for up to 3 months (47709,47729,93836,103830).
POSSIBLY UNSAFE ...when used orally in doses of 600 mg daily. In one clinical study, two cases of grade 3 asymptomatic hyponatremia were associated with taking diindolylmethane 600 mg daily (47729).
CHILDREN: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally in amounts commonly found in foods.
The typical diet supplies 2-24 mg of diindolylmethane daily (7170,7176,7664).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally in amounts commonly found in foods.
The typical diet supplies 2-24 mg of diindolylmethane daily (7170,7176,7664). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of diindolylmethane when used in amounts greater than those found in foods during pregnancy and lactation; avoid using.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately, short-term. Quercetin has been used with apparent safety in doses up to 1 gram daily for up to 12 weeks (481,1998,1999,16418,16429,16430,16431,96774,96775,96782)(99237,102539,102540,102541,104229,104679,106498,106499,107450,109620)(109621). ...when used intravenously and appropriately. Quercetin has been used with apparent safety in doses less than 945 mg/m2. Higher doses have been reported to cause nephrotoxicity (9564,16418). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of quercetin when used topically.
POSSIBLY UNSAFE ...when used intravenously in large amounts. Doses greater than 945 mg/m2 have been reported to cause nephrotoxicity (9564,16418).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when an extract of reishi mushroom is used orally and appropriately for up to one year (12,5485,70767,70774,70786,70799,70800,70801,70802). ...when whole powdered reishi mushroom is used orally and appropriately for up to 16 weeks (70776,70799,70800,70801,91433,91435,91436,91437,108309).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using
LIKELY SAFE ...when turkey tail mushroom is used orally and appropriately (5477). ...when polysaccharide krestin (PSK) and polysaccharide peptide (PSP) isolates of turkey tail mushroom are used orally and appropriately (1635,1636,1640,1641,1648,1649,1650,1651,1652,1653,1654) (1655,1656,1657,1658,1659,1660,1661,1662,70167,70168,70171,70188,70200,94076). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of turkey tail mushroom when used topically or intravaginally.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
Below is general information about the interactions of the known ingredients contained in the product BreastDefend. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
Theoretically, taking astragalus with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
 Details
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Theoretically, astragalus might interfere with cyclophosphamide therapy.
Details
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Theoretically, astragalus might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Details
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Theoretically, astragalus might increase levels and adverse effects of lithium.
Details
Animal research suggests that astragalus has diuretic properties (15103). Theoretically, due to this diuretic effect, astragalus might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
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Theoretically, black hoof mushroom might increase the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A1 substrates.
Details
In vitro, polysaccharides from black hoof mushroom grown in culture inhibit CYP1A1 (27612). This effect has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, black hoof mushroom might increase the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Details
In vitro, polysaccharides from black hoof mushroom grown in culture inhibit CYP1A2 (27612). This effect has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, black hoof mushroom might increase the levels and clinical effects of CYP2B1 substrates.
Details
In vitro, polysaccharides from black hoof mushroom grown in culture inhibit CYP2B1 (27612). This effect has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, black hoof mushroom might increase the levels and clinical effects of CYP2E1 substrates.
Details
In vitro, polysaccharides from black hoof mushroom grown in culture inhibit CYP2E1 (27612). This effect has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, black hoof mushroom might reduce the effects of immunosuppressant medications.
Details
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Theoretically, diindolylmethane might lower serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Details
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Theoretically, diindolylmethane might increase the risk of hyponatremia if used with sodium-depleting diuretics.
Details
Large doses of diindolylmethane (600 mg daily) have been associated with two cases of asymptomatic hyponatremia in clinical research (47729).
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Theoretically, diindolylmethane might increase or decrease the effects of estrogens.
Details
Diindolylmethane might have mild estrogenic or antiestrogenic effects (7664). Theoretically, large amounts of diindolylmethane might interfere with hormone replacement therapy.
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Theoretically, concomitant use of quercetin and antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Details
Clinical research suggests that a combination of quercetin, myricetin, and chlorogenic acid reduce levels of fasting glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes, including those already taking antidiabetes agents (96779). The effect of quercetin alone is unknown. |
Theoretically, taking quercetin with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Details
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Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the levels and adverse effects of cyclosporine.
Details
A small study in healthy volunteers shows that pretreatment with quercetin increases plasma levels and prolongs the half-life of a single dose of cyclosporine, possibly due to inhibition of p-glycoprotein or cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), which metabolizes cyclosporin (16434). |
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2C8 substrates.
Details
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Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2C9 substrates.
Details
A small clinical study in healthy volunteers shows that taking quercetin 500 mg twice daily for 10 days prior to taking diclofenac, a CYP2C9 substrate, increases diclofenac plasma levels by 75% and prolongs the half-life by 32.5% (97931). Animal research also shows that pretreatment with quercetin increases plasma levels and prolongs the half-life of losartan (Cozaar), a substrate of CYP2C9 (100968). Furthermore, laboratory research shows that quercetin inhibits CYP2C9 (15549,16433). |
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2D6 substrates.
Details
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Theoretically, concomitant use might alter the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Details
A small clinical study in healthy volunteers shows that pretreatment with quercetin increases plasma levels and prolongs the half-life of a single dose of cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune), a substrate of CYP3A4 (16434). Animal research also shows that pretreatment with quercetin increases plasma levels and prolongs the half-life of losartan (Cozaar) and quetiapine (Seroquel), substrates of CYP3A4 (100968,104228). Other laboratory research also shows that quercetin inhibits CYP3A4 (15549,16433,16435). However, one clinical study shows that quercetin can increase the metabolism of midazolam, a substrate of CYP3A4, and decrease serum concentrations of midazolam by about 24% in some healthy individuals, suggesting possible induction of CYP3A4 (91573).
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Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the levels and adverse effects of diclofenac.
Details
A small clinical study in healthy volunteers shows that taking quercetin 500 mg twice daily for 10 days prior to taking diclofenac increases diclofenac plasma levels by 75% and prolongs the half-life by 32.5%. This is thought to be due to inhibition of CYP2C9 by quercetin (97931). |
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the effects and adverse effects of losartan and decrease the effects of its active metabolite.
Details
Animal research shows that pretreatment with quercetin increases plasma levels and prolongs the half-life of losartan (Cozaar) while decreasing plasma levels of losartan's active metabolite. This metabolite, which is around 10-fold more potent than losartan, is the result of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9- and CYP3A4-mediated transformation of losartan. Additionally, in vitro research shows that quercetin may inhibit P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux of losartan from the intestines, resulting in increased absorption of losartan (100968). These results suggest that concomitant use of quercetin and losartan might increase systemic exposure to losartan while also decreasing plasma concentrations of losartan's active and more potent metabolite. |
Theoretically, concomitant use might decrease the levels and effects of midazolam.
Details
A small clinical study in healthy volunteers shows that quercetin can increase the metabolism of midazolam, with a decrease in AUC of about 24% (91573). |
Theoretically, quercetin might increase the effects and adverse effects of mitoxantrone.
Details
In vitro research shows that quercetin increases the intracellular accumulation and cytotoxicity of mitoxantrone, possibly through inhibition of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), of which mitoxantrone is a substrate (107897). So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the effects and adverse effects of OAT1 substrates.
Details
In vitro research shows that quercetin is a strong non-competitive inhibitor of OAT1, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values less than 10 mcM (104454). So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans. |
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the effects and adverse effects of OAT3 substrates.
Details
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Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the effects and adverse effects of OATP substrates.
Details
In vitro evidence shows that quercetin can inhibit organic anion-transporting peptide (OATP) 1B1-mediated uptake of estrone-3-sulfate and pravastatin (91581). Furthermore, clinical research in healthy males shows that intake of quercetin along with pravastatin increases the AUC of pravastatin by 24%, prolongs its half-life by 14%, and decreases its apparent clearance by 18%, suggesting that quercetin modestly inhibits the uptake of pravastatin in hepatic cells (91581). |
Theoretically, concomitant use might alter the effects and adverse effects of P-glycoprotein substrates.
Details
There is preliminary evidence that quercetin inhibits the gastrointestinal P-glycoprotein efflux pump, which might increase the bioavailability and serum levels of drugs transported by the pump (16433,16434,16435,100968,104228). A small study in healthy volunteers reported that pretreatment with quercetin increased bioavailability and plasma levels after a single dose of cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune) (16434). Also, two small studies have shown that quercetin might decrease the absorption of talinolol, a substrate transported by the gastrointestinal P-glycoprotein efflux pump (91579,91580). However, in another small study, several days of quercetin treatment did not significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of saquinavir (Invirase) (16433). The reason for these discrepancies is not entirely clear (91580). Until more is known, use quercetin cautiously in combination with P-glycoprotein substrates. |
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the effects and adverse effects of pravastatin.
Details
In vitro evidence shows that quercetin can inhibit OATP 1B1-mediated uptake of pravastatin (91581). Also, preliminary clinical research in healthy males shows that intake of quercetin along with pravastatin increases the maximum concentration of pravastatin by 24%, prolongs its half-life by 14%, and decreases its apparent clearance by 18%, suggesting that quercetin modestly inhibits the uptake of pravastatin in hepatic cells (91581).
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Theoretically, quercetin might increase the effects and adverse effects of prazosin.
Details
In vitro research shows that quercetin inhibits the transcellular efflux of prazosin, possibly through inhibition of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), of which prazosin is a substrate. BCRP is an ATP-binding cassette efflux transporter in the intestines, kidneys, and liver (107897). So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the effects and adverse effects of quetiapine.
Details
Animal research shows that pretreatment with quercetin can increase plasma levels of quetiapine and prolong its clearance, possibly due to inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) by quercetin. Additionally, the brain-to-plasma ratio of quetiapine concentrations increased, possibly due to inhibition of P-glycoprotein at the blood-brain barrier (104228). This interaction has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, concomitant use might inhibit the effects of quinolone antibiotics.
Details
In vitro, quercetin binds to the DNA gyrase site on bacteria (481), which may interfere with the activity of quinolone antibiotics.
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Theoretically, quercetin might increase the effects and adverse effects of sulfasalazine.
Details
Animal research shows that quercetin increases the maximum serum concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC) of sulfasalazine, possibly through inhibition of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), of which sulfasalazine is a substrate (107897). So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, quercetin may increase the risk of bleeding if used with warfarin.
Details
Animal and in vitro studies show that quercetin might increase serum levels of warfarin (17213,109619). Quercetin and warfarin have the same human serum albumin (HSA) binding site, and in vitro research shows that quercetin has stronger affinity for the HSA binding site and can theoretically displace warfarin, causing higher serum levels of warfarin (17213). Animal research shows that taking quercetin for 2 weeks before initiating warfarin increases the maximum serum level of warfarin by 30%, the half-life by 10%, and the overall exposure by 63% when compared with control. Concomitant administration of quercetin and warfarin, without quercetin pre-treatment, also increased these measures, but to a lesser degree. Researchers theorize that inhibition of CYP3A4 by quercetin may explain these effects (109619). So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, high doses of reishi mushroom might increase the risk of bleeding.
Details
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Theoretically, reishi mushroom might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs.
Details
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Theoretically, concurrent use of reishi mushroom with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Details
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Theoretically, taking turkey tail mushroom with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Details
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Theoretically, the polysaccharide peptide (PSP) component of turkey tail mushroom might increase exposure to cyclophosphamide.
Details
Some animal research shows that the PSP component of turkey tail mushroom can increase the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of cyclophosphamide by 44% to 50% and the half-life by 34% to 43% (96569). This interaction could potentially increase the effects and adverse effects of cyclophosphamide. However, it is not known whether PSP affects the levels of the active metabolites of cyclophosphamide that are responsible for its clinical activity.
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Theoretically, the polysaccharide peptide (PSP) component of turkey tail mushroom might inhibit CYP2C9.
Details
Laboratory research suggests that the PSP component of turkey tail mushroom dose-dependently inhibits CYP2C9 (94075). Theoretically, taking PSP with drugs metabolized by CYP2C9 might increase drug levels and the risk of adverse effects. However, this has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, the polysaccharide peptide (PSP) component of turkey tail mushroom might interfere with the absorption of tamoxifen.
Details
Animal research suggests that PSP increases the time to reach maximum concentration of a single dose of tamoxifen by about 9.5 hours, or 228%. When repeated doses of tamoxifen were given, the time to reach maximum concentration was increased by about 5.6 hours, or 93%. However, PSP did not affect the maximum concentration or the area under the curve of tamoxifen (108308).
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Below is general information about the adverse effects of the known ingredients contained in the product BreastDefend. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
General
...Orally and intravenously, astragalus root seems to be well tolerated.
Topically, no adverse effects have been reported. However, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: A case report raises concerns about liver and kidney cysts with astragalus use.
Cardiovascular ...Orally, astragalus has reportedly been associated with lacunar angina in one clinical trial. However, this may not have been caused by astragalus (17355). In addition, rapid intravenous administration of astragalus has resulted in temporary palpitations (32812).
Dermatologic ...Intravenously, astragalus may cause rash, eczema, and pruritus (33034).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, astragalus has reportedly been associated with enterocolitis and nausea in one clinical trial. However, these effects may not have been caused by astragalus (17355).
Genitourinary ...Orally, astragalus has reportedly been associated with vulvitis in one clinical trial. However, this effect may not have been caused by astragalus (17355).
Hepatic ...A case of high serum CA19-9 levels and small liver and kidney cysts has been reported for a 38-year-old woman who drank astragalus tea daily for one month. Levels returned to normal after one month, and cysts disappeared after ten months. Both symptoms returned following a resumption of astragalus use. The authors state that astragalus was the likely cause given the temporal relationship (90658).
Neurologic/CNS ...Rapid intravenous administration of astragalus has resulted in temporary dizziness (32812).
Pulmonary/Respiratory ...Orally, astragalus has reportedly been associated with rhinosinusitis and pharyngitis in one clinical trial. However, these effects may not have been caused by astragalus (17355).
Renal ...A case of high serum CA19-9 levels and small liver and kidney cysts has been reported for a 38-year-old woman who drank astragalus tea daily for one month. Levels returned to normal after one month, and cysts disappeared after ten months. Both symptoms returned following a resumption of astragalus use. The authors state that astragalus was the likely cause given the temporal relationship (90658).
General ...Black hoof mushroom seems to be well tolerated. No adverse effects have been reported. However, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.
General
...Orally, diindolylmethane is generally well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Diarrhea, gas, headache, nausea, rash, and vomiting.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS).
Dermatologic ...Orally, diindolylmethane can cause rash (47615,93836). In one case report, a patient developed drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) after consuming a product containing diindolylmethane, vitamin E, and broccoli powder. An allergen patch test was positive for diindolylmethane (93840).
Endocrine ...Orally, diindolylmethane was associated with grade 3 asymptomatic hyponatremia in 2 of 4 patients taking 600 mg daily for 28 days in one clinical study. Hyponatremia was not seen in the 8 patients taking diindolylmethane 150-450 mg daily (47729).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, diindolylmethane can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and gas (47652,47676,47709,47729,93836).
Genitourinary ...Orally, diindolylmethane can cause the urine to darken (93836).
Hematologic ...In one case report, a 65-year-old male developed a deep vein thromboembolism (DVT) and bilateral pulmonary emboli (PE) within a few weeks of initiating treatment with diindolylmethane. It is unclear if diindolylmethane contributed to this event; the patient was at increased risk for emboli due to his age, weight, tobacco use, and possible history of pulmonary embolism (93835).
Hepatic ...In one case report, a patient developed drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), involving elevated liver transaminases, after consuming a product containing diindolylmethane, vitamin E, and broccoli powder. An allergen patch test was positive for diindolylmethane (93840).
Immunologic ...In one case report, a patient developed drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) after consuming a product containing diindolylmethane, vitamin E, and broccoli powder. The patient developed fever, activated lymphocytes, and swollen lymph nodes. An allergen patch test was positive for diindolylmethane (93840).
Musculoskeletal ...Orally, diindolylmethane has been reported to cause arthralgias (47615).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, diindolylmethane can cause headache (47652,47676,93836). One case has reported ischemic stroke in a 38-year-old female with a history of a patent foramen ovale (PFO), traumatic subdural hematoma, right partial hemicraniectomy, and use of several supplements, including 200 mg of diindolylmethane daily, vitamin D3, vitamin K2, elderberry, caffeine, and possibly cannabis (112895). It is unclear if diindolylmethane contributed to this event; the patient was at increased risk for stroke due to PFO and other factors.
General ...Orally and intravenously, quercetin seems to be well tolerated in appropriate doses. Topically, no adverse effects have been reported. However, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.
Gastrointestinal ...Intravenous administration of quercetin is associated with nausea and vomiting (9564).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, quercetin may cause headache and tingling of the extremities (481,111500). Intravenously, quercetin may cause pain at the injection site. Injection pain can be minimized by premedicating patients with 10 mg of morphine and administering amounts greater than 945 mg/m2 over 5 minutes (9564). In addition, intravenous administration of quercetin is associated with flushing and sweating (9564).
Pulmonary/Respiratory ...Intravenous administration of quercetin at doses as high as 2000 mg/m2 is associated with dyspnea that may persist for up to 5 minutes (9564).
Renal ...Intravenously, nephrotoxicity has been reported with quercetin in amounts greater than 945 mg/m2 (9563,9564,70304).
General
...Orally, reishi mushroom is generally well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Dizziness, dry mouth, itching, nausea, rash, and stomach upset.
Dermatologic ...Orally, reishi mushroom can cause itching, rash, and other skin reactions (12,5479).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, reishi mushroom can cause dryness of the mouth, throat, or nasal cavity, nausea, stomach upset, and, more rarely, diarrhea (12,70779,91438,108309).
Hematologic ...Orally, reishi mushroom can cause nosebleed and bloody stools (12,91438).
Hepatic ...One case of hepatotoxicity and one case of fatal fulminant hepatitis have been reported in patients who had used reishi mushroom powder for 1-2 months (70766). There is a case report of a 61-year-old male with hypereosinophilia associated with hepatic nodules following the use of reishi mushroom powder for about 2 months. Symptoms resolved after discontinuation of the product. Although these side effects were thought to be associated with the use of reishi mushroom powder, it is unclear if other factors played a role. The patient had been taking tegafur, gimeracil, and oteracil potassium for about 4 months following anterior resection for rectal adenocarcinoma but discontinued these agents and initiated reishi mushroom due to liver injury (108312).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, reishi mushroom can cause dizziness (91438). Other rare symptoms include insomnia and headache (70776,70779).
Pulmonary/Respiratory ...Respiratory allergy to reishi spores can occur (12,5479). Sore throat and runny nose have also been reported (70776,91438).
General ...Orally, turkey tail mushroom and its PSK component are generally well tolerated. There have been reports of gastrointestinal side effects, hematological abnormalities, liver dysfunction, and palpitations, but these are in patients who received PSK in addition to standard chemotherapy. It is not known if these are due to PSK, the chemotherapy, or both.
Cardiovascular ...Palpitations have occurred when PSK is taken with standard chemotherapy for cancer (1657). It is not clear if this is due to PSK, the chemotherapy, or both.
Dermatologic
...Pigmentation of the nails and erythema have occurred when PSK is taken with standard chemotherapy (1657,1660,70175,94076).
It is not clear if this is due to PSK, the chemotherapy, or both.
Intravaginally, a specific gel (Papilocare, Procare Health) containing turkey tail mushroom with neem, carboxymethyl-beta-glucan, hyaluronic acid, gotu kola, aloe, and alpha-glucan oligosaccharide has been reported to cause vulvovaginal stinging, burning, itching, and candidiasis (108305,111904). The specific role of turkey tail mushroom is unclear.
Gastrointestinal ...Nausea, vomiting, appetite loss, stomach discomfort, diarrhea, constipation, and gastric ulcer have occurred when PSK is taken with standard chemotherapy for cancer (1651,1657,70175,70201,94076). However, one study reported a decreased incidence of gastrointestinal side effects when PSK was taken with chemotherapy (70188,70197).
Hematologic ...Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and albuminuria have occurred when PSK is taken with standard chemotherapy (1651,1657,70175,70201,94076). It is not clear if this is due to PSK, the chemotherapy, or both.
Hepatic ...Elevated liver enzymes, liver function impairment, and hepatotoxicity have occurred when PSK is taken with standard chemotherapy (1651,1657,70175,70201,94076). It is not clear if this is due to PSK, the chemotherapy, or both.
Musculoskeletal ...Malaise and fatigue have occurred when PSK is taken with standard chemotherapy (1657,1660,70175,94076). It is not clear if this is due to PSK, the chemotherapy, or both.
Pulmonary/Respiratory ...Coughing has occurred when PSK is taken with standard chemotherapy (1657,1660,70175,94076). It is not clear if this is due to PSK, the chemotherapy, or both.
