Ingredients | Amount Per Serving |
---|---|
Calories
|
20 Calorie(s) |
Total Carbohydrates
|
4 Gram(s) |
Sugar
|
4 Gram(s) |
Added Sugars
|
4 Gram(s) |
(Sambucus nigra )
(fruit)
(certified organic ingredient)
(Black Elderberry fruit juice concentrate PlantPart: fruit Genus: Sambucus Species: nigra Note: certified organic ingredient )
|
1903 mg |
(Malpighia glabra )
(fruit)
(certified organic ingredient)
(Acerola fruit dried extract PlantPart: fruit Genus: Malpighia Species: glabra Note: certified organic ingredient )
|
147 mg |
Proprietary Blend
|
104 mg |
(Melissa officinalis )
(leaf)
(certified organic ingredient)
(freeze-dried extract of Lemon Balm PlantPart: leaf Genus: Melissa Species: officinalis Note: certified organic ingredient )
|
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(Grindelia camporum )
(flowering tops)
(certified organic ingredient)
(freeze-dried extract of Grindelia PlantPart: flowering tops Genus: Grindelia Species: camporum Note: certified organic ingredient )
|
|
(Eschscholzia californica )
(leaf)
(certified organic ingredient)
(freeze-dried extract of California Poppy PlantPart: leaf Genus: Eschscholzia Species: californica Note: certified organic ingredient )
|
organic Sugarcane, Water, Lemon PlantPart: fruit juice, Xanthan Gum
Below is general information about the effectiveness of the known ingredients contained in the product Black Elderberry NightTime Syrup. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
There is insufficient reliable information available about the effectiveness of gumweed.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
Below is general information about the safety of the known ingredients contained in the product Black Elderberry NightTime Syrup. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when acerola fruit is used orally and appropriately. Acerola fruit contains an average of 2000 mg vitamin C per 100 grams of fruit, although this content varies widely. Acerola fruit should be consumed in amounts that do not provide more vitamin C than the tolerable upper intake level (UL) of 2000 mg per day for adults (4844).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using in amounts greater than found in foods.
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of California poppy.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally in the amounts typically found in foods. Elderberry has generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status in the US (4912).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when elderberry fruit extract is used orally, short-term. One specific elderberry fruit extract (Sambucol, Nature's Way) has been used with apparent safety for up to 5 days (5260,12235,103831); another (BerryPharma, Iprona AG) has been used with apparent safety for up to 15 days (91374). A specific elderberry fruit extract lozenge (ViraBLOC, HerbalScience) has been used with apparent safety for 2 days (17022). Other elderberry fruit extracts have been used with apparent safety for up to 12 weeks (21141,21142).
POSSIBLY UNSAFE ...when elder tree leaves and stems, or unripe or uncooked elderberries, are consumed. The unripe green fruit, as well as the leaves and stems of the elder tree, contain a cyanide-producing chemical, which can cause serious toxicity (17020,17021,21143,21144,91374). Cooking eliminates the toxin.
CHILDREN: LIKELY SAFE
when consumed in the amounts typically found in foods.
CHILDREN: POSSIBLY SAFE
when used orally for up to 3 days.
A specific fruit extract (Sambucol, Nature's Way) has been used in doses of 15 mL twice daily for 3 days in children 5 years and older (5260,103831).
CHILDREN: POSSIBLY UNSAFE
when unripe or uncooked elderberries are consumed.
The unripe green fruit, as well as the leaves and stems of the elder tree, contain a cyanide-producing chemical , which can cause serious toxicity (17020,17021,21143,21144,91374). Cooking eliminates the toxin.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: LIKELY SAFE
when consumed in the amounts typically found in foods.
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of elderberry when used for medicinal purposes; avoid using in amounts greater than those found in foods.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately (2,12). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of gumweed when used topically.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally in amounts commonly found in foods. Lemon balm has Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status in the US (4912).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately, short-term. Lemon balm extract has been used with apparent safety at a dose of 500 mg daily for 6 months or at a dose of 3000 mg daily for 2 months (9993,9994,104435,104435,110136). ...when used topically and appropriately, short-term. Lemon balm 1% dried leaf extract has been used up to 4 times daily with apparent safety for a few days (790,9995).
CHILDREN: POSSIBLY SAFE
when used orally and appropriate, short-term.
A single dose of lemon balm extract 3-6 mg/kg has been safely used in children aged 6-7 years (19525). A specific combination product providing lemon balm leaf extract 80 mg and valerian root extract 160 mg (Euvegal forte, Dr. Willmar Schwabe Pharmaceuticals) 1-2 tablets once or twice daily has been safely used in children under 12 years of age for 30 days (14416). In infants up to 4 weeks old, multi-ingredient products (ColiMil, ColiMil Plus) containing lemon balm 64-97 mg daily have been used with apparent safety for up to 7 days (16735,96278).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
Below is general information about the interactions of the known ingredients contained in the product Black Elderberry NightTime Syrup. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
Theoretically, the antioxidant effects of acerola might reduce the effectiveness of alkylating agents.
Details
Acerola contains vitamin C, an antioxidant. There is concern that antioxidants might reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs that generate free radicals, such as alkylating agents (391). In contrast, other researchers theorize that antioxidants might make alkylating chemotherapy more effective by reducing oxidative stress that could interfere with apoptosis (cell death) of cancer cells (14012,14013). More evidence is needed to determine what effect, if any, antioxidants such as vitamin C have on chemotherapy.
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Theoretically, concomitant use of acerola with aluminum salts might increase the amount of aluminum absorbed.
Details
Acerola contains vitamin C. It is thought that vitamin C chelates aluminum, keeping it in solution and available for absorption (10549,10550,10551). In people with normal renal function, urinary excretion of aluminum likely increases, making aluminum retention and toxicity unlikely (10549). However, patients with renal failure who take aluminum-containing compounds, such as phosphate binders, should avoid acerola in doses that provide more vitamin C than the recommended dietary allowances.
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Theoretically, the antioxidant effects of acerola might reduce the effectiveness of antitumor antibiotics.
Details
Acerola contains vitamin C, an antioxidant. There is concern that antioxidants might reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs that generate free radicals, such as antitumor antibiotics (391). In contrast, other researchers theorize that antioxidants might make antitumor antibiotic chemotherapy more effective by reducing oxidative stress that could interfere with apoptosis (cell death) of cancer cells (14012,14013). More evidence is needed to determine what effects, if any, antioxidants such as vitamin C have on antitumor antibiotic chemotherapy.
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Theoretically, acerola might reduce the clearance of aspirin; however, its vitamin C content is likely too low to produce clinically significant effects.
Details
Acerola contains vitamin C. It has been suggested that acidification of the urine by vitamin C can decrease the urinary excretion of salicylates, increasing plasma salicylate levels (3046). However, short-term use of up to 6 grams daily of vitamin C does not seem to affect urinary pH or salicylate excretion (10588,10589). The vitamin C content of acerola is typically about 2000 mg per 100 grams. Thus, a clinically significant interaction between acerola and aspirin is unlikely.
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Theoretically, concomitant use of acerola with estrogens might increase estrogenic effects.
Details
Acerola contains vitamin C. Increases in plasma estrogen levels of up to 55% have occurred under some circumstances when vitamin C is taken concurrently with oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy, including topical products (129,130,11161). It is suggested that vitamin C prevents oxidation of estrogen in the tissues, regenerates oxidized estrogen, and reduces sulfate conjugation of estrogen in the gut wall (129,11161). When tissue levels of vitamin C are high, these processes are already maximized and supplemental vitamin C does not have any effect on estrogen levels. However, increases in plasma estrogen levels may occur when women who are deficient in vitamin C take supplements (11161).
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Theoretically, acerola might reduce the effectiveness of warfarin; however, its vitamin C content is likely too low to produce clinically significant effects.
Details
Acerola contains vitamin C. High doses of vitamin C may reduce the response to warfarin, possibly by causing diarrhea and reducing warfarin absorption (11566). This occurred in two people who took up to 16 grams daily of vitamin C, and resulted in decreased prothrombin time (9804,9806). Lower doses of 5-10 grams daily of vitamin C can also reduce warfarin absorption, but this does not seem to be clinically significant (9805,9806,11566,11567). The vitamin C content of acerola is typically about 2000 mg per 100 grams. Thus, a clinically significant interaction between acerola and warfarin is unlikely.
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Theoretically, taking California poppy with drugs with sedative effects may increase the risk of sedative effects.
Details
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Theoretically, elderberry might interfere with immunosuppressant therapy due to its immunostimulant activity.
Details
Elderberry has immunostimulant activity, increasing the production of cytokines, including interleukin and tumor necrosis factor (10796).
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Theoretically, concomitant use of lemon balm might have additive effects with CNS depressant drugs.
Details
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Theoretically, lemon balm might interfere with thyroid hormone replacement therapy.
Details
In vitro, constituents of lemon balm extract bind to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), preventing TSH receptor-binding and leading to the inhibition of TSH-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity (19727,19728). In animals, lemon balm extract has been shown to decrease levels of circulating TSH and inhibit thyroid secretion (19726).
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Below is general information about the adverse effects of the known ingredients contained in the product Black Elderberry NightTime Syrup. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
General
...Orally, acerola seems to be well tolerated.
However, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: Acerola has been linked with one case of anaphylaxis and one case of rectal obstruction.
Gastrointestinal ...Osmotic diarrhea and gastrointestinal upset have been reported with doses of vitamin C greater than the tolerable upper intake level (UL) of 2000 mg daily (4844). Theoretically this could occur with large doses of oral acerola. A case report describes rectal obstruction with mass consisting of partially digested acerola fruits in a 5-year-old child who had ingested an unknown quantity of fruits daily for 7 days. The child presented with vomiting, abdominal pain and distension, tenesmus, constipation, and dehydration, and required surgical disimpaction (93205).
Immunologic ...There is a case report of a 37 year old man who developed a pruritic rash, dyspnea, and tachycardia 5 minutes after drinking a mixture of apple and acerola juices. He had a history of hay fever, oral allergy symptoms with avocado, celery, walnut, and curry, and contact urticaria with latex, but tolerated apples and apple juice. IgE antibodies to acerola were identified in the patient's serum. Ultimately, cross-reactivity between a latex protein and acerola was determined (93206).
General
...There is currently a limited amount of information available about the adverse effects of California poppy.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: When used in combination with hawthorn and magnesium, California poppy has been reported to cause muscular stiffness, morning fatigue, and nausea. It is not clear if these effects are from California poppy, the other ingredients, or the combination.
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, when used in combination with hawthorn and magnesium, California poppy has been reported to cause nausea (12583). It is not clear if this effect is from California poppy, the other ingredients, or the combination.
Musculoskeletal ...Orally, when used in combination with hawthorn and magnesium, California poppy has been reported to cause muscular stiffness (12583). It is not clear if this effect is from California poppy, the other ingredients, or the combination.
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, when used in combination with hawthorn and magnesium, California poppy has been reported to cause morning fatigue (12583). It is not clear if this effect is from California poppy, the other ingredients, or the combination.
General
...Orally, elderberry extracts prepared from ripe fruit seem to be well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: When adverse effects occur, they are likely due to ingestion of raw and unripe elderberries, or seeds, leaves, and other plant parts. Due to cyanogenic glycosides, these may cause nausea, vomiting, severe diarrhea, weakness, dizziness, numbness, and stupor. Cooking eliminates the toxin.
Gastrointestinal
...Orally, nausea and vomiting have been reported after consuming a specific elderberry and echinacea product
Vogel Bioforce AG) (95650). However, it is unclear if this was due to the elderberry or Echinacea contained in the product.
Raw and unripe elderberries, and the seeds, leaves, and other elder tree parts might cause nausea, vomiting, or severe diarrhea due to cyanogenic glycosides (17020,17021). Cooking eliminates the toxin.
Hepatic ...In one case report, a 60-year-old female with underlying autoimmune disease presented with autoimmune hepatitis after taking elderberry at an unknown dose for several years. The patient presented with nausea, jaundice, abdominal pain, and abdominal distention. Liver function tests returned to baseline 4 weeks after initiating treatment with prednisone 40 mg daily and discontinuing elderberry (110123).
Immunologic ...Elder tree pollen might cause an allergic reaction characterized by rhinitis and dyspnea in some patients who are allergic to grass pollen. These patients might also experience an allergic reaction to elderberry extracts (11095).
Neurologic/CNS ...Raw and unripe elderberries might cause weakness, dizziness, numbness, and stupor due to cyanogenic glycosides (17020,17021). Cooking eliminates the toxin.
General ...Orally, gumweed seems to be well tolerated. It can cause gastric mucosal irritation (2,12), diarrhea (18), and kidney irritation (12).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, gumweed can cause gastric mucosal irritation (2,12) and diarrhea (18).
Renal ...Orally, gumweed can cause kidney irritation (12).
General
...Orally, lemon balm seems to be well tolerated in food amounts and larger, medicinal amounts.
Topically, lemon balm seems to be well tolerated.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: Wheezing has been rarely reported.
Cardiovascular ...Orally, a case of transient complete atrioventricular block and QT prolongation is reported in a 25-year-old female following the post-workout use of a specific product (Muscle Eze Advanced) containing lemon balm and several other ingredients. Symptoms of fatigue and lightheadedness started 1 week into use of the product. Product discontinuation led to restoration of normal sinus rhythm within 24 hours and normalization of the electrocardiogram within 2 weeks (112556). It is unclear whether this occurrence is due to lemon balm, other ingredients, or the combination.
Dermatologic ...Topically, lemon balm 1% cream applied 5 times daily to cold sores has been associated with two cases of irritation and one case of cold sore exacerbation. However, these effects do not appear to occur more often with lemon balm than with placebo (790).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, lemon balm might increase appetite in some patients (91732,104433). Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain have been reported rarely and do not seem to occur more often than in patients taking placebo (9993).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, lemon balm has been reported to cause dizziness and sedation; however, it does not seem to occur more often with lemon balm than placebo (9993,104433). Additionally, other clinical research shows that using lemon balm in conjunction with alcohol does not affect reaction time or influence cognitive performance (19427,19723).
Pulmonary/Respiratory ...Orally, lemon balm has been associated with rare cases of wheezing (9993).