Fine Chalk • Water • Sorbitol • Sodium Lauryl Sulphate • Gum Tragacanth • Indian Licorice root • Currant • Common Jujube • Rose Apple • Barleria Prionitis • Asian Holly Oak • PERIAN WALNUT Persian Walnut • Prickly Ash • Indian Almond • Beeda nut • Bishop's weed • Sarsaparilla • Catechu • Sappan wood • Medlar • Cinnamon • Gum Arabic • Bengal Madder • Mayweed • Flavour • Sodium Saccharin • Methyl Hydroxy Benzoate Sodium.
Brand name products often contain multiple ingredients. To read detailed information about each ingredient, click on the link for the individual ingredient shown above.
Below is general information about the effectiveness of the known ingredients contained in the product Vicco Toothpaste (Royal Image Cosmetics). Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
There is insufficient reliable information available about the effectiveness of bishop's weed.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
There is insufficient reliable information available about the effectiveness of Hercules club.
There is insufficient reliable information available about the effectiveness of madder.
There is insufficient reliable information available about the effectiveness of northern prickly ash.
There is insufficient reliable information available about the effectiveness of red sandalwood.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
Below is general information about the safety of the known ingredients contained in the product Vicco Toothpaste (Royal Image Cosmetics). Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of bishop's weed.
PREGNANCY: LIKELY UNSAFE
when used orally.
Khellin, a constituent of bishop's weed, has uterine stimulant activity (19); avoid using.
LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally in amounts commonly found in foods. Catechu has Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) status for use in foods in the US (4912). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of catechu when used orally in medicinal amounts. A specific product (Limbrel, Primus Pharmaceuticals) containing flavocoxid, a mixture of flavonoid extracts from catechu and Baikal skullcap, has been associated with an increased risk for liver and lung injury. In 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) formally requested the recall of all non-expired lots of this product (106042). It is unclear if these effects were due to catechu, Baikal skullcap, or the combination. There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of catechu when used topically.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally in amounts commonly found in foods.
Catechu has Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) status for use in foods in the US (4912). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of catechu when used orally in medicinal amounts or when used topically during pregnancy and lactation.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately in amounts commonly found in foods. Gum arabic has Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) status for use in foods in the US. It is also considered to be safe for use as a food additive by the European Food Safety Authority (4912,105040).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately in medicinal amounts (8072). Up to 30 grams daily of powdered gum arabic has been used with apparent safety for 3 months (18237,99098,105040).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using in amounts greater than those found in foods (4912,105040).
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of Hercules club when used orally.
PREGNANCY: LIKELY UNSAFE
when used orally (12) because it might have menstrual stimulant effects (19).
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of the berry during pregnancy; avoid using.
LACTATION: POSSIBLY UNSAFE
when used orally because it might cause colic in nursing infants (19).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately, short-term. Jambolan tea prepared from 2 grams of jambolan leaves per liter of water has been consumed in place of water with apparent safety in clinical research (13092).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
LIKELY UNSAFE ...when used orally. It is potentially carcinogenic and mutagenic (2,18,19). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of madder when used topically.
PREGNANCY: UNSAFE
when used orally because it may be a potential menstrual stimulant and a genotoxin (2,19).
LACTATION: UNSAFE
when used orally because it is a potential genotoxin (2,19).
It also can cause red-colored breast milk (2).
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of northern prickly ash when used orally.
PREGNANCY: POSSIBLY UNSAFE
when the bark is used orally (12); avoid using.
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of the berry or root during pregnancy; avoid using.
LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally in amounts commonly found in foods. Red sandalwood has Generally Recognized As Safe status (GRAS) for use in foods in the US (4912). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of red sandalwood when used orally or topically as a medicine.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally in amounts commonly found in foods. Sarsaparilla has Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) status for use in foods in the US (4912). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of sarsaparilla when taken orally in medicinal amounts.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately, short-term. Several small studies have used Terminalia arjuna powdered bark or bark extract with apparent safely in doses up to 2000 mg or 400 mg daily, respectively, for 2 weeks to 3 months (2502,2503,2504,111012,111093); however, patients should avoid self-treatment with this product due to potentially significant cardiovascular effects. Further study is needed to determine the safety of Terminalia arjuna for long-term use.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally in amounts commonly found in foods. Tragacanth has Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status in the US (4912). ...when used topically, in the amounts found in cosmetics. Tragacanth is not considered to be irritating, sensitizing, or phototoxic (4072).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally in medicinal amounts (4068). However, insufficient fluid intake with tragacanth might lead to esophageal closure or intestinal obstruction (18).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using amounts greater than those found in foods.
LIKELY SAFE ...when zizyphus fruit is consumed in the amounts typically found in foods.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when zizyphus fruit or seed is used orally and appropriately, short-term. Zizyphus fruit powder has been used with apparent safety at doses up to 30 grams daily for up to 12 weeks (93317,104507). Zizyphus fruit extract has been used with apparent safety at a dose of 20-40 drops daily for up to 12 weeks (93316). Zizyphus seed extract has been used with apparent safety at a dose of 2 grams daily for 4 weeks (107921). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of zizyphus when used topically.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: LIKELY SAFE
when zizyphus fruit is consumed in the amounts typically found in foods.
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of zizyphus fruit in amounts greater than those found in foods; avoid using.
Below is general information about the interactions of the known ingredients contained in the product Vicco Toothpaste (Royal Image Cosmetics). Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
Bergapten, a constituent of bishop's weed, has antiplatelet activity (7162). Theoretically, bishop's weed might have additive effects with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs and possibly increase the risk of bleeding.
Details
Some anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs include aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), dalteparin (Fragmin), enoxaparin (Lovenox), heparin, ticlopidine (Ticlid), warfarin (Coumadin), and others.
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Bergapten, a constituent of bishop's weed, has been shown to inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) in vitro (7029). Theoretically, bishop's weed might inhibit elimination and increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Details
Some drugs metabolized by CYP3A4 include alprazolam (Xanax), amitriptyline (Elavil), amiodarone (Cordarone), buspirone (Buspar), cerivastatin (Baycol), citalopram (Celexa), felodipine (Plendil), fexofenadine (Allegra), itraconazole (Sporanox), ketoconazole (Nizoral), lansoprazole (Prevacid), losartan (Cozaar), lovastatin (Mevacor), ondansetron (Zofran), prednisone (Deltasone, Orasone), sertraline (Zoloft), sibutramine (Meridia), sildenafil (Viagra), simvastatin (Zocor), verapamil (Calan, Covera-HS, Isoptin), and many others.
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Bishop's weed constituents seem to cause photosensitivity (2521,7162). Theoretically, concomitant use of bishop's weed with photosensitizing drugs might result in increased photosensitivity.
Details
Some drugs that cause photosensitivity include amitriptyline (Elavil), quinolones (Ciprofloxacin, others), sulfa drugs (Septra, Bactrim, others), and tetracycline.
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Theoretically, concomitant use with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Details
Catechu might lower blood pressure (14144).
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Theoretically, black catechu may increase the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Details
Animal research shows that black catechu can increase theophylline concentrations in the blood, possibly by inhibiting CYP1A2 (94560). Theophylline is a CYP1A2 substrate.
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Theoretically, catechu might interfere with immunosuppressant therapy.
Details
Animal and in vitro studies suggest that catechu has immunomodulating effects (103271).
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Theoretically, black catechu may increase the levels and clinical effects of theophylline.
Details
Animal research shows that black catechu can increase theophylline concentrations in the blood, possibly by inhibiting cytochrome P450 1A2 (94560).
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Gum arabic can reduce the absorption of amoxicillin.
Details
A small study in healthy volunteers shows that taking amoxicillin and gum arabic concurrently significantly reduces the absorption of amoxicillin. Separate doses of amoxicillin from gum arabic by at least 2 hours (12654).
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Theoretically, gum arabic can alter the absorption of oral drugs due to its fiber content.
Details
Gum arabic has been used as a suspending osmotic agent in drug formulations. It might improve bioavailability of water-insoluble drugs like naproxen, but reduce absorption of polar drugs like amoxicillin (12654,104058). To avoid changes in absorption, take gum arabic 30-60 minutes after oral medications.
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Theoretically, Hercules club may decrease the clinical effects of antacids.
Details
Due to reports that Hercules club increases stomach acid, Hercules club might decrease the effectiveness of antacids (19).
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Theoretically, Hercules club may decrease the clinical effects of H2 blockers.
Details
Due to reports that Hercules club increases stomach acid, Hercules club might decrease the effectiveness of H2-blockers (19).
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Theoretically, Hercules club may decrease the clinical effects of PPIs.
Details
Due to reports that Hercules club increases stomach acid, Hercules club might decrease the effectiveness of PPIs (19).
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Animal research shows that jambolan seed and bark extracts can lower blood glucose levels (13599,13600,13601,104282). Theoretically, jambolan might have additive effects when used with antidiabetes drugs. This might increase the risk of hypoglycemia in some patients. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Some antidiabetes drugs include glimepiride (Amaryl), glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase PresTab, Micronase), insulin, metformin (Glucophage), pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia), and others.
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There is some in vitro evidence that jambolan can inhibit CYP2C9 (99067). Theoretically, concomitant use of jambolan with CYP2C9 substrates may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
Details
Some drugs metabolized by CYP2C9 include amitriptyline (Elavil), diazepam (Valium), zileuton (Zyflo), celecoxib (Celebrex), diclofenac (Voltaren), fluvastatin (Lescol), glipizide (Glucotrol), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), irbesartan (Avapro), losartan (Cozaar), phenytoin (Dilantin), piroxicam (Feldene), tamoxifen (Nolvadex), tolbutamide (Tolinase), torsemide (Demadex), warfarin (Coumadin), and others.
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Animal research shows that jambolan seed extract reduces the sitagliptin maximum plasma concentration and area under the curve by 39% and 22%, respectively. However, blood glucose levels were actually reduced to a greater extent in mice taking jambolan and sitagliptin in combination when compared with either product taken alone (104282). Theoretically, jambolan seed extract might alter the clearance of sitagliptin, although this may not alter the clinical effects of sitagliptin.
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Theoretically, northern prickly ash might decrease the effectiveness of antacids.
Details
There are reports that northern prickly ash increases stomach acid (19).
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Theoretically, northern prickly ash might decrease the effectiveness of H2-blockers.
Details
There are reports that northern prickly ash increases stomach acid (19).
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Theoretically, northern prickly ash might decrease the effectiveness of PPIs.
Details
There are reports that northern prickly ash increases stomach acid (19).
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Animal research shows that an aqueous extra of red sandalwood bark reduces blood glucose levels. Red sandalwood bark extract 250 mg/kg orally daily lowers blood glucose in a rat model of diabetes (105735). Theoretically, red sandalwood extract might have additive effects when used concomitantly with antidiabetes drugs and may increase the risk of hypoglycemia. Monitor blood glucose levels close. Dosage adjustments may be necessary. Some antidiabetes drugs include glimepiride (Amaryl), glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase PresTab, Micronase), insulin, pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia), chlorpropamide (Diabinese), glipizide (Glucotrol), and tolbutamide (Orinase).
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Red sandalwood is thought to have diuretic properties. Theoretically, due to these potential diuretic effects, red sandalwood might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.
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Theoretically, concomitant use of sarsaparilla with digoxin might increase the risk of cardiac toxicity.
Details
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Theoretically, sarsaparilla might increase the effects and adverse effects of lithium.
Details
Sarsaparilla is thought to have diuretic properties (11). Due to these effects, sarsaparilla might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.
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Theoretically, concomitant use of Terminalia arjuna with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs may increase the risk of bleeding in some patients.
Details
In vitro, Terminalia arjuna bark extract inhibits platelet aggregation, decreases platelet activation, and shows antithrombotic properties (92831).
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Theoretically, use of Terminalia arjuna may increase the levels and clinical effects of CYP2C9 substrates.
Details
In vitro research shows that Terminalia arjuna extract inhibits CYP2C9 enzymes and reduces CYP2C9 substrate metabolism (96729).
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Theoretically, use of Terminalia arjuna may increase the levels and clinical effects of CYP2D6 substrates.
Details
In vitro research shows that Terminalia arjuna extract inhibits CYP2D6 enzymes and reduces CYP2D6 substrate metabolism (96729).
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Theoretically, use of Terminalia arjuna may increase the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Details
In vitro research shows that Terminalia arjuna extract inhibits CYP3A4 enzymes and reduces CYP3A4 substrate metabolism (96729).
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Theoretically, tragacanth might alter absorption of oral drugs.
Details
Tragacanth contains hydrocolloidal fiber which can decrease, increase, or not affect oral drug absorption (19). To avoid changes in absorption, take tragacanth 30-60 minutes after oral medications.
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Theoretically, zizyphus might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Details
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Theoretically, zizyphus might cause additive sedative effects when taken with CNS depressants.
Details
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Theoretically, zizyphus might decrease the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Details
Animal research shows that zizyphus induces CYP1A2 enzymes (93311). However, this effect has not been reported in humans.
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Below is general information about the adverse effects of the known ingredients contained in the product Vicco Toothpaste (Royal Image Cosmetics). Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
General ...There is currently a limited amount of information available about the adverse effects of bishop's weed. Orally, bishop's weed has been reported to cause nausea, vomiting, and headache (7161). Topically, bishop's weed may be photoreactive and phototoxic (2520,2521,35679,35680). It can also cause contact dermatitis (2520,2521).
Dermatologic ...Topically, bishop's weed may be photoreactive and phototoxic due to its photoreactive furocoumarin constituents (35680). Bishop's weed has caused photosensitization, phototoxic skin damage, and phototoxic dermatitis (2520,2521,35679,35680).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, bishop's weed has been reported to cause nausea and vomiting (7161).
Immunologic ...Topically, bishop's weed can cause contact dermatitis (2521,2520). In one case report, a 31-year-old atopic female florist experienced IgE-mediated contact urticaria and rhinitis after exposure to bishop's weed (2520).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, bishop's weed has been reported to cause headache (7161).
General ...There is limited reliable information available about the adverse effects of catechu when used orally or topically as a single ingredient. A specific combination product (Limbrel, Primus Pharmaceuticals) containing flavonoid extracts of catechu and Baikal skullcap has been associated with serious adverse effects, including liver and lung injury.
Hepatic
...A specific combination product (Limbrel, Primus Pharmaceuticals) containing flavocoxid, a mixture of flavonoid extracts from catechu and Baikal skullcap, has been linked to several reports of acute liver damage.
In a case series, four reports of liver damage were described in patients taking this product. The patients involved were females aged 54-68 years taking doses of 250-500 mg twice daily for 1-3 months. Signs and symptoms included jaundice, pruritus, abdominal pain, fever, rash, and elevated serum and liver transaminase levels. All patients fully recovered and levels normalized within 3 months after discontinuation (18009,18011). In addition to these published case reports, approximately 30 liver-related adverse events have been reported to the manufacturer of this product (18009). The mechanism of hepatotoxicity is unclear (18009,18010); it is estimated that the incidence of hepatotoxicity with this product is around 1 in 10,000, although the actual incidence is unknown (18010). In 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) formally requested the recall of all non-expired lots of this product due to the risk for liver and lung injury (106042). It is unclear if these effects were due to catechu, Baikal skullcap, or the combination.
More recently, in another case report, a 54-year-old female reported to the emergency room with acute hepatitis possibly due to taking a preparation of catechu and Baikal skullcap for 2-4 weeks. Causation was unable to be established. After discontinuing the supplements and supportive treatment, liver function returned to normal (94563). It was unclear if the catechu product was the same specific combination product (Limbrel, Primus Pharmaceuticals) associated with previous reports of liver damage.
Pulmonary/Respiratory ...A specific combination product (Limbrel, Primus Pharmaceuticals) containing flavocoxid, a mixture of flavonoid extracts from catechu and Baikal skullcap, has been linked to several reports of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Symptoms include fever, chills, headache, cough, chronic bronchitis, shortness of breath, weight loss, and fatigue. In 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) formally requested the recall of all non-expired lots of this product due to the risk for liver and lung injury (106042). It is unclear if these effects were due to catechu, Baikal skullcap, or the combination.
General
...Orally, gum arabic seems to be generally well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Abdominal bloating, flatulence, mild diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, gum arabic can cause minor gastrointestinal disturbances such as abdominal bloating, flatulence, nausea, vomiting, cramping, and mild diarrhea (8072,18237,99098,105038,105040,108051). These effects occurred in 15%, 82%, and 90% of subjects respectively in one study (18237). They may subside with continued use within 2 weeks (8072,18237,99098,105038).
Immunologic ...Gum arabic might cause allergic reactions. In one case report, a patient had an immunoglobulin E response after exposure to gum arabic. However, there have been no identified case reports of allergic reactions after oral exposure to gum arabic (19636,105040).
General ...None reported; however, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.
General ...No adverse effects have been reported; however, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.
General
...There is currently a limited amount of information available about the adverse effects of madder.
Orally, madder can cause red colored urine, saliva, and perspiration (2). There is some concern that madder can stain contact lenses. Advise patients to be cautious (6002).
Topically, contact dermatitis has been reported while handling madder (20044).
Dermatologic ...Orally, madder can cause red-colored perspiration (2).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, madder can cause red-colored saliva (2).
Genitourinary ...Orally, madder can cause red-colored urine (2).
Immunologic ...A case of contact dermatitis has been reported in a woman who handled madder while working in the garden (20044).
Ocular/Otic ...There is some concern that madder can stain contact lenses (6002).
General ...There is limited reliable information available on the safety of northern prickly ash. A thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.
General ...Orally, sarsaparilla seems to be well tolerated.
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, there is some concern that sarsaparilla may cause GI irritation when used in large amounts (11,18). However, these claims cannot be substantiated.
Pulmonary/Respiratory ...Occupational exposure to sarsaparilla root dust can cause rhinitis and asthma symptoms (4111).
Renal ...Orally, there is some concern that sarsaparilla may cause temporary kidney impairment and diuresis, possibly leading to shock, when used in large amounts (11,18). However, these claims cannot be substantiated.
General ...There is currently a limited amount of information available on the adverse effects of oral Terminalia arjuna. A thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.
General
...Orally, tragacanth is generally well tolerated.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: Tragacanth can lead to intestinal obstruction and esophageal closure when used without adequate fluid intake (18).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, tragacanth can lead to intestinal obstruction and esophageal closure when used without adequate fluid intake (18).
Immunologic ...Tragacanth can cause asthma symptoms in people who are sensitive to quillaia bark (6).
General ...Orally, zizyphus fruit extract and powder seem to be well tolerated.
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, zizyphus fruit extract was associated with three cases of mild diarrhea in newborn infants (93306). Zizyphus seed extract was associated with one case of dry mouth and one case of increased bowel movements in a small clinical study (107921).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, zizyphus seed extract was associated with two cases of headache in a small clinical study (107921).