Water • Cocamidopropyl Betaine • Cocamidopropyl Betaine Disodium Cocoamphodiacetate • Sodium Cocoyl Wheat Amino Acids • Capryl Glucoside • Sodium Cocopolyglucose Tartrate • Trideceth-2 Carboxamide Mea • Coccodimonium Hydroxypropyl Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein • Pvp/Dmapa Acrylates Copolymer • Popylene Glycol • Diazolidinyl Urea • Fragrance • Hyaluronic Acid (H.U.C.P.) • Peg-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate • Methyl Paraben • Helianthus Annuus (sunflower) • Disodium EDTA • Carrageenan extract (chondrus crispus) • Carrageenan (Form: from Red Algae Genus: Eucheuma Species: cottonii) Sericin (silk) • Popylparaben • Butylene Glycol .
Brand name products often contain multiple ingredients. To read detailed information about each ingredient, click on the link for the individual ingredient shown above.
Below is general information about the effectiveness of the known ingredients contained in the product Kevis Earth Elements Shampoo. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
Below is general information about the safety of the known ingredients contained in the product Kevis Earth Elements Shampoo. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
LIKELY SAFE ...when undegraded carrageenan is used orally in the amounts found in foods (11). Carrageenan has Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status in the US (4912,102538).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used intranasally, short-term. Saline solution containing iota-carrageenan 0.12% has been sprayed into the nose with apparent safety three times daily for up to 7 days (99449,99450,99451,99452,99466). Also, saline solution containing iota-carrageenan 0.17% has been sprayed into both nostrils with apparent safety four times daily (providing 1 mg daily) for up to 21 days (107852).
POSSIBLY UNSAFE ...when the degraded form, called poligeenan, is used orally. Poligeenan contains a lower molecular weight product that is partially absorbed. There is concern about the safety of this form because it has been linked to colonic lesions, neoplasms, and bleeding in animals (40065,40047). Due to public concern that commercial carrageenan contains poligeenan or can be degraded to poligeenan in the stomach, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reevaluated the safety of carrageenan and reaffirmed its status as GRAS in 2012 (99466). Carrageenan that is not degraded has an average molecular weight of 453-652 kDA, while degraded carrageenan is usually 20-30 kDA. In order to limit potential safety concerns, the European Commission Scientific Committee on Food advises that the total weight of any carrageenan food additives contain no more than 5% of a molecular weight below 50 kDa (99901). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of carrageenan when used topically.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: LIKELY SAFE
when used in food amounts (11).
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of using larger amounts; avoid using.
POSSIBLY UNSAFE ...when unregulated chelation therapy products are used orally or parentally or when prescription chelation therapy products are used for unproven indications and/or in unapproved doses or routes of administration. The American College of Medical Toxicology and The American Academy of Clinical Toxicology recommend against the unapproved use of chelation therapy products (108106). Chelation therapy products can result in severe side effects including dehydration, hypocalcemia, kidney failure, neurodevelopmental toxicity, and death (107700,108095,108096,108105,108106,108107). Also, infusion of the disodium form of EDTA over less than 3 hours can cause severe, life-threatening adverse effects including hypocalcemia and death (5737).
CHILDREN: POSSIBLY UNSAFE
when unregulated chelation therapy products are used orally or parentally or when prescription chelation therapy products are used for unproven indications and/or in unapproved doses or routes of administration.
The American College of Medical Toxicology and The American Academy of Clinical Toxicology recommend against the unapproved use of chelation therapy products (108106). Chelation therapy products can result in severe side effects including dehydration, hypocalcemia, kidney failure, neurodevelopmental toxicity, and death (107700,108095,108096,108105,108106,108107).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: POSSIBLY UNSAFE
when unregulated chelation therapy products are used orally or parentally or when prescription chelation therapy products are used for unproven indications and/or in unapproved doses or routes of administration.
The American College of Medical Toxicology and The American Academy of Clinical Toxicology recommend against the unapproved use of chelation therapy products (108106). Chelation therapy products can have teratogenic effects and result in severe side effects including dehydration, hypocalcemia, kidney failure, neurodevelopmental toxicity, and death (107700,108095,108096,108105,108106,108107).
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately. Supplements standardized to contain hyaluronic acid 70%, in an 80 mg daily dose, have been used daily for up to 3 months with no reports of adverse effects (55742,91779). ...when used topically and appropriately. Hyaluronic acid, in a gel or impregnated gauze, has been safely applied to the skin in clinical trials (7889,7892,104389,108627,108640). ...when eye drop preparations containing up to 0.3% hyaluronic acid are used multiple times per day for up to 3 months (97885,97894,97895,110555).
PREGNANCY:
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of hyaluronic acid; avoid using.
LACTATION:
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of hyaluronic acid.
It is not known if hyaluronic acid is excreted in breast milk (7890); avoid using.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately in amounts commonly found in foods. When used as a substitute for other dietary oils, the recommended intake of high-oleic acid sunflower oil is 20 grams (1.5 tablespoons) daily (9780,98563). ...when used topically and appropriately, short-term. Sunflower oil has been applied to the skin twice daily for up to 6 weeks (76687). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of sunflower oil when used as an oral rinse.
CHILDREN: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately in amounts commonly found in foods.
CHILDREN: POSSIBLY SAFE
when applied topically and appropriately, short-term.
Sunflower oil has been applied to the skin of infants daily for up to 2 months (96144,96145,105524,108143). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of sunflower oil when used orally in larger amounts as medicine.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately in amounts commonly found in foods.
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of sunflower oil when used in amounts greater than those found in food.
Below is general information about the interactions of the known ingredients contained in the product Kevis Earth Elements Shampoo. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
Theoretically, alcohol may increase or decrease the therapeutic and adverse effects of 1,4-butanediol.
Details
1,4-Butanediol is metabolized to gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) by hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase enzymes. Alcohol competitively inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase, which leads to higher blood levels of 1,4-butanediol and lower blood levels of GHB (1430,3678,19609,102836). The clinical effects of this change are not well understood. Most researchers believe that the pharmacologic activity of 1,4-butanediol is dependent on conversion to GHB; however, animal research shows that 1,4-butanediol may also act independently (19609). Also, in humans, concomitant use of GHB and alcohol increases the adverse effects of GHB, possibly by reducing the elimination of GHB. Concomitant use of GHB and alcohol may also cause additive respiratory and central nervous system depression (93831,102834). Therefore, concomitant use of 1,4-butanediol and alcohol may either increase or decrease the risk of adverse effects.
|
Theoretically, amphetamines may increase or decrease the therapeutic and adverse effects of 1,4-butanediol.
Details
1,4-Butanediol is metabolized to gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB). Although some researchers have suggested that amphetamines may antagonize the effects of GHB, this has not been well studied. Also, some case reports suggest that concomitant use might increase the risk of severe side effects, including CNS and respiratory depression (3682).
|
Theoretically, concomitant use of 1,4-butanediol with certain anticonvulsants may potentiate respiratory and central nervous system (CNS) depression or increase the risk of seizures.
Details
1,4-Butanediol is metabolized to gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB). Concomitant use of anticonvulsants that have sedative effects with GHB may cause serious CNS and respiratory depression (102834). GHB might also reduce the effectiveness of anticonvulsants since it also can cause seizures (3682,3830,102834).
|
Theoretically, concomitant use of 1,4-butanediol with CNS depressants may potentiate respiratory and CNS depression.
Details
|
Theoretically, concomitant use of 1,4-butanediol with divalproex sodium may potentiate adverse effects.
Details
1,4-Butanediol is metabolized to gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB). Concomitant use of divalproex sodium with GHB may increases plasma GHB levels by approximately 25% and may increase the risk of adverse effects (102834).
|
Theoretically, concomitant use of 1,4-butanediol with naloxone may antagonize the effects of 1,4-butanediol.
Details
1,4-Butanediol is metabolized to gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB). Theoretically, naloxone may antagonize the effects of GHB, but anecdotally, naloxone is not effective for treating GHB poisoning (3682).
|
Theoretically, concomitant use of 1,4-butanediol with narcotic drugs may potentiate respiratory and central nervous system (CNS) depression.
1,4-Butanediol is metabolized to gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB).
Details
|
Concomitant use of 1,4-butanediol with ritonavir may potentiate adverse effects.
Details
1,4-Butanediol is metabolized to gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB). Concomitant use of a small dose of GHB with the antiretroviral drugs ritonavir and saquinavir reportedly caused a near-fatal reaction, likely due to inhibition of GHB metabolism (1431).
|
Concomitant use of 1,4-butanediol with saquinavir may potentiate adverse effects.
Details
1,4-Butanediol is metabolized to gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB). Concomitant use of a small dose of GHB with the antiretroviral drugs ritonavir and saquinavir reportedly caused a near-fatal reaction, likely due to inhibition of GHB metabolism (1431).
|
Concomitant use of 1,4-butanediol with topiramate may potentiate adverse effects.
Details
1,4-Butanediol is metabolized to gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB). Concomitant use of topiramate with GHB may increases blood levels of GHB. In one case report, a patient regularly taking GHB 4.5 grams twice nightly was hospitalized after initiating treatment with topiramate 25 mg daily. Symptoms included confusion, muscle jerking, miosis, and coma. Plasma levels of GHB were 2.5-fold higher than when GHB was given alone. Potential mechanisms might include decreased GHB breakdown, increased absorption, and/or increased activity (93834).
|
Theoretically, carrageenan may increase the risk of bleeding in patients taking anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Details
Laboratory research suggests that carrageenan has anticoagulant effects (6002). However, this has not been reported in humans.
|
Concomitant use of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and potassium-depleting diuretics might increase the risk for hypokalemia.
Details
EDTA can decrease serum potassium levels and increase excretion of potassium (15).
|
Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) can decrease the activity of insulin and increase the risk for hypoglycemia.
Details
|
Theoretically, disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) can decrease the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
Details
Disodium EDTA has been reported to decrease international normalized ratio (INR) in a patient taking warfarin (4611).
|
Theoretically, sunflower oil might decrease the effectiveness of antidiabetes medications.
Details
A diet using sunflower oil as a fat source can cause increased fasting blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes (8132). Dose adjustments to diabetes medications might be necessary.
|
Below is general information about the adverse effects of the known ingredients contained in the product Kevis Earth Elements Shampoo. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
General
...1,4-butanediol is generally considered unsafe for any use.
Any benefits do not outweigh the risks of toxicity.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Agitation, amnesia, anxiety, bradycardia, chest tightness, confusion, hallucinations, nausea, tremor, vomiting.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: Cardiac arrest, coma, death, respiratory depression.
Cardiovascular ...Orally, 1,4-butanediol and its metabolite, gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), can cause chest tightness, bradycardia, and cardiac arrest (1318,3678,3679,6016,10640,37465,10658,93820).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, 1,4-butanediol can cause nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, and fecal incontinence (1318,3678,3679,10640,37465).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, 1,4-butanediol is metabolized to gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), and its psychoactive effects are primarily due to GHB (102837). 1,4-Butanediol also causes similar CNS toxic effects to GHB, including amnesia, combativeness, confusion, agitation, coma, seizures, and death (1318,3678,3679,10640,37465). After 1,4-butanediol overdoses, sedation gradually increases, consistent with gradual conversion to GHB (102837). 1,4-Butanediol overdose can also present with features suggesting toxic alcohol poisoning (102837). Neurologic and CNS withdrawal symptoms of 1,4-butanediol, GHB, and GBL include insomnia, tremor, anxiety, hallucinations, and delirium (1430,10375,10640).
Pulmonary/Respiratory ...Orally, 1,4-butanediol, especially in overdose, can cause breathing problems and respiratory depression that can require intubation (1318,3678,3679,10640,37465).
General
...Orally, carrageenan is well tolerated in amounts found in foods.
Intranasally, carrageenan seems to be well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects: None known.
Dermatologic ...Topically, when carrageenan gel was applied to the penis or anus prior to anal intercourse in one clinical study, it was reported to cause discomfort or adverse reactions in 59% of males, compared with 44% of those using placebo (107851).
Genitourinary ...Intravaginally, carrageenan gel has been associated with mild vaginal itching and burning, a vaginal abrasion, bladder fullness, and urinary hesitancy. However, it is unclear if carrageenan was the causal factor of these symptoms (40044,40068).
Hematologic ...In one clinical study in males, carrageenan gel applied topically to the penis and anus prior to anal intercourse was reported to cause rectal bleeding that was not directly related to anal intercourse in 8% of patients, compared with 0% of patients using placebo (107851).
Oncologic ...Observational research has found that increased consumption of carrageenan is associated with an increase in breast cancer incidence (40046).
General
...The use of chelation therapy products for unproven indications, or in unapproved doses or routes of administration, is generally considered to be unsafe.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Gastrointestinal upset, nausea.
Intravenous: Abdominal cramps, anorexia, burning and pain at infusion site, diarrhea, headache, nausea, vomiting.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: Allergic reactions, Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
Intravenous: Allergic reactions, arrhythmias, convulsions, death, heart failure, hypercalcemia, hypocalcemia, insulin shock, kidney failure, paresthesia, respiratory arrest, tetany, thrombophlebitis.
Cardiovascular
...Intravenously, chelation therapy products such as 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonate (DMPS) or ethylenediamene tetraacetic acid (EDTA) have been associated with hypotension and irregular heartbeat (5737,5771,5772,108105,108106).
Intravenously, EDTA can also cause thrombophlebitis (108099,108103). Disodium EDTA, when given as a rapid infusion or highly concentrated solution, can cause hypocalcemia, severe cardiac arrhythmias, respiratory arrest, and death (15,108102).
There are at least three case reports of intravenous chelation therapy-related hypocalcemia resulting in cardiac arrest. Two cases involved the use of disodium EDTA in children and one involved the unapproved use of an unknown type of EDTA over a 10- to 15-minute infusion in an adult (107700,108095,108096,108097,108105). At least in part because of these cases, disodium EDTA is no longer FDA-approved (108105). In a large clinical trial in patients with a previous myocardial infarction, the rate of hypocalcemia was 6.2% in patients given disodium EDTA, compared with 3.5% of those given placebo; however, disodium EDTA did not increase the risk of heart failure or death (94985).
Dermatologic
...There is a case report of Stevens-Johnson syndrome after two weeks of oral 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonate (DMPS) chelation therapy in a child with chronic mercury exposure.
Symptoms included a widespread eruption of red, itchy macules which gradually improved after discontinuation of DMPS therapy (108112). Rash has also been reported in patients given intravenous DMPS or oral dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) (108099).
Intravenously, ethylenediamene tetraacetic acid (EDTA) can commonly cause exfoliative dermatitis (15,108103) and a burning sensation and pain at the site of infusion (5744,108103).
Endocrine
...Intravenously, calcium disodium ethylenediamene tetraacetic acid (EDTA) can cause zinc deficiency (5771,5772) and hypercalcemia (5771,5772).
Disodium EDTA can occasionally reduce magnesium and potassium serum concentrations (5771,5772), and rarely cause insulin shock (5737).
Disodium EDTA, when given as a rapid infusion or highly concentrated solution, can cause hypocalcemia, leading to tetany, convulsions, cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac failure, respiratory arrest, and death. This has occasionally occurred when the disodium form of EDTA was used in error, instead of the calcium disodium form (15,94984,94985,107700,108095,108096,108097,108099,108105).
Gastrointestinal
...Intravenously, ethylenediamene tetraacetic acid (EDTA) can commonly cause abdominal cramps, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea (15).
EDTA can also sometimes cause thirst (15).
When given orally or intravenously, 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonate (DMPS) has caused nausea and dysgeusia.
Orally, dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) has caused gastrointestinal upset and diminished appetite (108099).
Hematologic ...Intravenously, ethylenediamene tetraacetic acid (EDTA) can sometimes cause anemia (15), prolonged prothrombin time (5737) and transient bone marrow suppression (5737,5772).
Hepatic
...Intravenously, the calcium disodium form of ethylenediamene tetraacetic acid (EDTA) can cause mild elevations of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and decreased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels (15,108102).
Orally, dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) has been associated with mild elevations in liver transaminase levels (108105).
Immunologic
...Intravenously, disodium ethylenediamene tetraacetic acid (EDTA) can rarely cause histamine-like reactions (5737).
There are rare reports of allergic reactions to EDTA given as a nasal provocation, topically, intradermally, and subcutaneously (94992). In one case report, a 57-year-old male presented with pruritus on the hands and feet, as well as urticaria and swelling of the face, following subcutaneous injection with a local anesthetic containing EDTA. Allergy to other ingredients in the anesthetic was ruled out, and intradermal and subcutaneous testing with calcium disodium EDTA confirmed the allergic response. The patient also reacted to radio-contrast medium containing EDTA (94992).
Topically, application of EDTA in cosmetics, shampoos, and other products has rarely been reported to cause contact dermatitis (94992).
Orally, dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) has been associated with allergic reactions (108105).
Musculoskeletal ...Intravenously, disodium ethylenediamene tetraacetic acid (EDTA) can occasionally cause muscle cramps, back pains, muscle weakness, and myalgias (15). In a large clinical trial in patients with a previous myocardial infarction, the rate of hypocalcemia was 6.2% in patients given disodium EDTA, compared with 3.5% of those given placebo; however, only one patient had associated muscle cramping leading to a hospital visit (94985).
Neurologic/CNS
...Intravenously, ethylenediamene tetraacetic acid (EDTA) can commonly cause headache and faintness (15,108103).
EDTA can also sometimes cause fever, chills, fatigue, and malaise (15,108099). Disodium EDTA can occasionally cause tremors, tingling, and paresthesias (15).
Orally, dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) was associated with lethargy in one child in a clinical trial. Other possible adverse effects associated with DMSA included sleep problems (108099).
Pulmonary/Respiratory ...Intravenously, ethylenediamene tetraacetic acid (EDTA) can sometimes increase sneezing and nasal congestion (15). Inhalation of disodium EDTA contained in nebulizer solutions has been reported to cause dose-related bronchoconstriction (5765).
Renal ...Intravenously, ethylenediamene tetraacetic acid (EDTA) can sometimes cause urinary urgency and frequency (5772). However, the most serious adverse effect of EDTA is kidney toxicity (5772,108095,108099,108102) for doses greater than 3 grams daily (15). In a clinical trial in patients with angina, intravenous disodium EDTA has resulted in an elevation of serum creatinine (108104). EDTA can cause nocturia, hyperuricemia, polyuria, dysuria, oliguria, proteinuria, glycosuria, hematuria. and distal tubule and glomeruli changes (15). EDTA can also cause acute renal tubular necrosis, renal insufficiency, and renal failure (5772).
General
...Orally and topically, hyaluronic acid appears to be well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Topically: Eczema, erythema, itching, wound hemorrhage, wound infection (e.g., erysipelas).
Dermatologic
...The use of needle-free devices to inject hyaluronic acid for cosmetic purposes has been reported to cause serious injury, and in some cases permanent harm, to the skin, lips, and eyes (108613).
Topically, hyaluronic acid application has been reported to cause eczema, erythema, itching, wound hemorrhage, and wound infection (e.g., erysipelas) (108628,108640).
Ocular/Otic ...Ocular pain has been reported rarely in patients using eye drops containing up to 0. 3% hyaluronic acid (97885).
General
...Orally and topically, sunflower oil is well tolerated.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: Allergic reactions in sensitive individuals have been reported.
Immunologic ...Orally, sunflower oil can cause an allergic reaction in individuals sensitive to the Asteraceae/Compositae family. Members of this family include ragweed, chrysanthemums, marigolds, daisies, and many other herbs. However, the protein content of sunflower oil is very low. In one case report, an allergic response to sunflower oil did not occur despite presenting with severe allergy and anaphylaxis to sunflower seed (108140).