Russell IJ, Michalek JE, Flechas JD, Abraham GE. Treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome with Super Malic: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, crossover pilot study. J Rheumatol 1995;22:953-8. View abstract.

Leonhardt M, Balkan B, Langhans W. Effect of hydroxycitrate on respiratory quotient, energy expenditure, and glucose tolerance in male rats after a period of restrictive feeding. Nutrition 2004;20(10):911-915. View abstract.

Fiume, Z. Final report on the safety assessment of malic acid and sodium malate. Int J Toxicol 2001;20 Suppl 1:47-55. View abstract.

Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 184 - Direct Food Substances Affirmed as Generally Recognized as Safe. Available at: http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?c=ecfr&sid=786bafc6f6343634fbf79fcdca7061e1&rgn=div5&view=text&node=21:3.0.1.1.14&idno=21#se21.3.184_11069.

Saleem R, Ahmad M, Naz A, et al. Hypotensive and toxicological study of citric acid and other constituents from Tagetes patula roots. Arch Pharm Res 2004;27(10):1037-42. View abstract.

Kelebek H, Selli S, Canbas A. Cabaroglu T. HPLC determination of organic acids, sugars, phenolic compositions and antioxidant capacity of orange juice and orange wine made from a Turkish cv. Kozan. Microchem J 2009;91(2):187-192.

Gardner WH. "Chapter 5: Acidulants in food processing." CRC Handbook of Food Additives, Second Edition, Volume 1. Ed. Furia TE. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press LLC, 1968.

Baldo A, Bezzola P, Curatolo S, Florio T, Lo Guzzo G, Lo Presti M, Sala GP, Serra F, Tonin E, Pellicano M, Pimpinelli N. Efficacy of an alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA)-based cream, even in monotherapy, in patients with mild-moderate acne. G Ital Dermatol Venereol. 2010 Jun;145(3):319-22. View abstract.

Gómez-Moreno G, Guardia J, Aguilar-Salvatierra A, Cabrera-Ayala M, Maté-Sánchez de-Val JE, Calvo-Guirado JL. Effectiveness of malic acid 1% in patients with xerostomia induced by antihypertensive drugs. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2013 Jan 1;18(1):e49-55. View abstract.

Gómez-Moreno G, Aguilar-Salvatierra A, Guardia J, Uribe-Marioni A, Cabrera-Ayala M, Delgado-Ruiz RA, Calvo-Guirado JL. The efficacy of a topical sialogogue spray containing 1% malic acid in patients with antidepressant-induced dry mouth: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Depress Anxiety. 2013 Feb;30(2):137-42. View abstract.

Chiriac A, Brzezinski P. Topical malic acid in combination with citric acid: an option to treat recalcitrant warts. Dermatol Ther. 2015;28(6):336-8. View abstract.

Gómez-Moreno G, Cabrera-Ayala M, Aguilar-Salvatierra A, et al. Evaluation of the efficacy of a topical sialogogue spray containing malic acid 1% in elderly people with xerostomia: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Gerodontology. 2014;31(4):274-80. View abstract.

CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21 SUBCHAPTER B. 184.1069 Malic Acid. Food and Drug Administration Department Of Health And Human Services. Updated April 1, 2017. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=184.1069. Accessed January 23, 2018.

Amended Safety Assessment of Malic Acid and Sodium Malate as Used in Cosmetics. Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Updated May 19, 2017. http://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/malic%20acid.pdf. Accessed January 24, 2018.

Sanchez-Blanco I, Rodriguez-Tellez M, Corcuera-Flores JR, et al. Effectiveness of salivary stimulation using xylitol-malic acid tablets as coadjuvant treatment in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: early findings. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2020 Nov 1;25(6):e818-e826. View abstract.

da Mata ADSP, Amaral JPAR, Thomson WM, et al. Patient-related outcomes in Sjögren syndrome treated with stimulants of salivary secretion: Randomized clinical trial. Oral Dis. 2020 Mar;26(2):313-324. View abstract.

Liu G, Qiu X, Tan X, Miao R, Tian W, Jing W. Efficacy of a 1% malic acid spray for xerostomia treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Dis 2021. View abstract.

Marín C, Díaz-de-Valdés L, Conejeros C, Martínez R, Niklander S. Interventions for the treatment of xerostomia: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Clin Exp Dent 2021;13(2):e104-e111. View abstract.

Burnett CL, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, et al. Amended Safety Assessment of Malic Acid and Sodium Malate as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2022;41(3_suppl):69-76. View abstract.

Muhamed SA, Moussa EM, Aboasy NK, Gaweesh YY. Effect of 1% malic acid spray on diabetes mellitus-induced xerostomia: A randomized clinical trial. Oral Dis 2022. View abstract.