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Connor WE. n-3 Fatty acids from fish and fish oil: panacea or nostrum? Am J Clin Nutr 2001;74;415-6. View abstract.

Calder PC. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation and immunity: pouring oil on troubled waters or another fishy tale? Nutr Res 2001;21:309-41.

Melanson SF, Lewandrowski EL, Flood JG, Lewandrowski KB. Measurement of organochlorines in commercial over-the-counter fish oil preparations: implications for dietary and therapeutic recommendations for omega-3 fatty acids and a review of the literature. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2005;129:74-7. View abstract.

Foran SE, Flood JG, Lewandrowski KB. Measurement of mercury levels in concentrated over-the-counter fish oil preparations: is fish oil healthier than fish? Arch Pathol Lab Med 2003;127:1603-5. View abstract.

Bunea R, El Farrah K, Deutsch L. Evaluation of the effects of Neptune Krill Oil on the clinical course of hyperlipidemia. Altern Med Rev 2004;9:420-8. View abstract.

Sampalis F, Bunea R, Pelland MF, et al. Evaluation of the effects of Neptune Krill Oil on the management of premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea. Altern Med Rev 2003;8:171-9. View abstract.

Venkatraman JT, Chandrasekar B, Kim JD, Fernandes G. Effects of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids on the activities and expression of hepatic antioxidant enzymes in autoimmune-prone NZBxNZW F1 mice. Lipids 1994;29:561-8. View abstract.

Bottino NR. Lipid composition of two species of Antarctic krill: Euphausia superba and E. crystallorophias. Comp Biochem Physiol B 1975;50:479-84. View abstract.

Dunlap WC, Fujisawa A, Yamamoto Y, et al. Notothenioid fish, krill and phytoplankton from Antarctica contain a vitamin E constituent (alpha-tocomonoenol) functionally associated with cold-water adaptation. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2002;133:299-305. View abstract.

Deutsch L. Evaluation of the effect of Neptune Krill Oil on chronic inflammation and arthritic symptoms. J Am Coll Nutr 2007;26:39-48. View abstract.

Ulven SM, Kirkhus B, Lamglait A, et al. Metabolic effects of krill oil are essentially similar to those of fish oil but at lower dose of EPA and DHA, in healthy volunteers. Lipids 2011;46:37-46. View abstract.

Harris WS, Miller M, Tighe AP, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids and coronary heart disease risk: clinical and mechanistic perspectives. Atherosclerosis 2008;197:12-24. View abstract.

Tandy S, Chung RW, Wat E, et al. Dietary krill oil supplementation reduces hepatic steatosis, glycemia, and hypercholesterolemia in high-fat-fed mice. J Agric Food Chem 10-14-2009;57:9339-45. View abstract.

Kidd, P. M. Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition, behavior, and mood: clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids. Altern Med Rev 2007;12(3):207-227. View abstract.

Zhu, J. J., Shi, J. H., Qian, W. B., Cai, Z. Z., and Li, D. Effects of krill oil on serum lipids of hyperlipidemic rats and human SW480 cells. Lipids Health Dis 2008;7:30. View abstract.

Le, Grandois J., Marchioni, E., Zhao, M., Giuffrida, F., Ennahar, S., and Bindler, F. Investigation of natural phosphatidylcholine sources: separation and identification by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS2) of molecular species. J Agric.Food Chem 7-22-2009;57(14):6014-6020. View abstract.

Hellgren, K. Assessment of Krillase chewing gum for the reduction of gingivitis and dental plaque. J Clin Dent 2009;20(3):99-102. View abstract.

Gigliotti, J. C., Smith, A. L., Jaczynski, J., and Tou, J. C. Consumption of krill protein concentrate prevents early renal injury and nephrocalcinosis in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Urol.Res 2011;39(1):59-67. View abstract.

Ierna, M., Kerr, A., Scales, H., Berge, K., and Griinari, M. Supplementation of diet with krill oil protects against experimental rheumatoid arthritis. BMC Musculoskelet.Disord. 2010;11:136. View abstract.

Winther, B., Hoem, N., Berge, K., and Reubsaet, L. Elucidation of phosphatidylcholine composition in krill oil extracted from Euphausia superba. Lipids 2011;46(1):25-36. View abstract.

Banni, S., Carta, G., Murru, E., Cordeddu, L., Giordano, E., Sirigu, A. R., Berge, K., Vik, H., Maki, K. C., Di, Marzo, V, and Griinari, M. Krill oil significantly decreases 2-arachidonoylglycerol plasma levels in obese subjects. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2011;8(1):7. View abstract.

Yamada, H., Ueda, T., and Yano, A. Water-soluble extract of Pacific Krill prevents triglyceride accumulation in adipocytes by suppressing PPARgamma and C/EBPalpha expression. PLoS.One. 2011;6(7):e21952. View abstract.

Kidd, P. M. Krill oil complex: potent nutraceutical synergy. Total Health 2003;25(4):15.

Multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled, monotherapy study of Neptune Krill oil (NKO) in early stage Alzheimer's disease. 2009.

Albert BB, Derraik JG, Brennan CM, et al. Supplementation with a blend of krill and salmon oil is associated with increased metabolic risk in overweight men. Am J Clin Nutr 2015;102(1):49-57. View abstract.

Berge K, Musa-Veloso K, Harwood M, Hoem N, Burri L. Krill oil supplementation lowers serum triglycerides without increasing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in adults with borderline high or high triglyceride levels. Nutr Res 2014;34(2):126-33. View abstract.

Köhler A, Sarkkinen E, Tapola N, Niskanen T, Bruheim I. Bioavailability of fatty acids from krill oil, krill meal and fish oil in healthy subjects--a randomized, single-dose, cross-over trial. Lipids Health Dis 2015;14:19. View abstract.

Konagai C, Yanagimoto K, Hayamizu K, et al. Effects of krill oil containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in phospholipid form on human brain function: a randomized controlled trial in healthy elderly volunteers. Clin Interv Aging 2013;8:1247-57. View abstract.

Wakeman MP. An open-label pilot study to assess the effectiveness of krill oil with added vitamins and phytonutrients in the relief of symptoms of PMS. Nutrition Dietary Suppl 2013:5;17-25.

Goldberg LD, Crysler C. A single center, pilot, double-blinded, randomized, comparative, prospective clinical study to evaluate improvements in the structure and function of facial skin with tazarotene 0.1% cream alone and in combination with GliSODin Skin Nutrients Advanced Anti-Aging Formula. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2014;7:139-44. View abstract.

Deinema LA, Vingrys AJ, Wong CY, Jackson DC, Chinnery HR, Downie LE. A randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial of two forms of omega-3 supplements for treating dry eye disease. Ophthalmology. 2017;124(1):43-52. View abstract.

Ursoniu S, Sahebkar A, Serban MC, Lipid and Blood Pressure Meta-analysis Collaboration Group. Lipid-modifying effects of krill oil in humans: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Rev. 2017;75(5):361-373. View abstract.

Kim MG, Yang I, Lee HS, Lee JY, Kim K. Lipid-modifying effects of krill oil vs fish oil: a network meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2020;78(9):699-708. doi: View abstract.

van der Wurff ISM, von Schacky C, Bergeland T, et al. Effect of one year krill oil supplementation on depressive symptoms and self-esteem of Dutch adolescents: A randomized controlled trial. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2020;163:102208. View abstract.

Lobraico JM, DiLello LC, Butler AD, Cordisco ME, Petrini JR, Ahmadi R. Effects of krill oil on endothelial function and other cardiovascular risk factors in participants with type 2 diabetes, a randomized controlled trial. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2015;3(1):e000107. View abstract.

Barenie MJ, Freemas JA, Baranauskas MN, et al. Effectiveness of a combined New Zealand green-lipped mussel and Antarctic krill oil supplement on markers of exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammation in untrained men. J Diet Suppl. 2020 Dec 9:1-26. View abstract.

Mozaffarian D, Maki KC, Bays HE, et al. Effectiveness of a Novel ω-3 Krill Oil Agent in Patients With Severe Hypertriglyceridemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2022;5(1):e2141898. View abstract.

Vosskötter F, Burhop M, Hahn A, Schuchardt JP. Equal bioavailability of omega-3 PUFA from Calanus oil, fish oil and krill oil: A 12-week randomized parallel study. Lipids 2023. View abstract.

Alkhedhairi SA, Aba Alkhayl FF, Ismail AD, et al. The effect of krill oil supplementation on skeletal muscle function and size in older adults: A randomised controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2022;41(6):1228-1235. View abstract.

Stonehouse W, Benassi-Evans B, Bednarz J, Vincent AD, Hall S, Hill CL. Krill oil improved osteoarthritic knee pain in adults with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis: a 6-month multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2022;116(3):672-685. View abstract.

Lobo PCB, Roriz LN, Siqueira JM, et al. Krill oil supplementation does not change waist circumference and sagittal abdominal diameter in overweight women: A pilot balanced, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022;19(20):13574. View abstract.

van der Wurff ISM, von Schacky C, Bergeland T, Zeegers MP, Kirschner PA, de Groot RHM. Krill oil supplementation's effect on school grades in typically developing adolescents. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2023;191:102553. View abstract.

Yang S, He Q, Shi L, Wu Y. Impact of Antarctic krill oil supplementation on skeletal muscle injury recovery after resistance exercise. Eur J Nutr 2023;62(3):1345-1356. View abstract.

van der Wurff ISM, von Schacky C, Bergeland T, et al. Effect of 1 year krill oil supplementation on cognitive achievement of Dutch adolescents: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Nutrients. 2019;11(6):1230. View abstract.

Yurko-Mauro K, Kralovec J, Bailey-Hall E, et al. Similar eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid plasma levels achieved with fish oil or krill oil in a randomized double-blind four-week bioavailability study. Lipids Health Dis. 2015;14:99. View abstract.