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Casein Protein
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Nilausen K, Meinertz H. Variable lipemic response to dietary soy protein in healthy, normolipemic men. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:1380S-4S. View abstract.
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Teixeira SR, Potter SM, Weigel R, et al. Effects of feeding 4 levels of soy protein for 3 and 6 wk on blood lipids and apolipoproteins in moderately hypercholesterolemic men. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:1077-84. View abstract.
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Tonstad S, Smerud K, Hoie L. A comparison of the effects of 2 doses of soy protein or casein on serum lipids, serum lipoproteins, and plasma total homocysteine in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;76:78-84. View abstract.
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Burd, N. A., Yang, Y., Moore, D. R., Tang, J. E., Tarnopolsky, M. A., and Phillips, S. M. Greater stimulation of myofibrillar protein synthesis with ingestion of whey protein isolate v. micellar casein at rest and after resistance exercise in elderly men. Br.J Nutr 9-28-2012;108(6):958-962. View abstract.
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Meinertz, H., Nilausen, K., and Hilden, J. Alcohol-extracted, but not intact, dietary soy protein lowers lipoprotein(a) markedly. Arterioscler.Thromb.Vasc.Biol. 2-1-2002;22(2):312-316. View abstract.
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Dalais, F. S., Ebeling, P. R., Kotsopoulos, D., McGrath, B. P., and Teede, H. J. The effects of soy protein containing isoflavones on lipids and indices of bone resorption in postmenopausal women. Clin Endocrinol.(Oxf) 2003;58(6):704-709. View abstract.
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Cuevas, A. M., Irribarra, V. L., Castillo, O. A., Yanez, M. D., and Germain, A. M. Isolated soy protein improves endothelial function in postmenopausal hypercholesterolemic women. Eur.J Clin.Nutr. 2003;57(8):889-894. View abstract.
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75540
van Raaij, J. M., Katan, M. B., Hautvast, J. G., and Hermus, R. J. Effects of casein versus soy protein diets on serum cholesterol and lipoproteins in young healthy volunteers. Am J Clin Nutr 1981;34(7):1261-1271. View abstract.
75545
van Raaij, J. M., Katan, M. B., West, C. E., and Hautvast, J. G. Influence of diets containing casein, soy isolate, and soy concentrate on serum cholesterol and lipoproteins in middle-aged volunteers. Am J Clin Nutr 1982;35(5):925-934. View abstract.
75580
Gooderham, M. H., Adlercreutz, H., Ojala, S. T., Wahala, K., and Holub, B. J. A soy protein isolate rich in genistein and daidzein and its effects on plasma isoflavone concentrations, platelet aggregation, blood lipids and fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipid in normal men. J.Nutr. 1996;126(8):2000-2006. View abstract.
75615
Baum, J. A., Teng, H., Erdman, J. W., Jr., Weigel, R. M., Klein, B. P., Persky, V. W., Freels, S., Surya, P., Bakhit, R. M., Ramos, E., Shay, N. F., and Potter, S. M. Long-term intake of soy protein improves blood lipid profiles and increases mononuclear cell low-density-lipoprotein receptor messenger RNA in hypercholesterolemic, postmenopausal women. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 1998;68(3):545-551. View abstract.
85715
Hall, W. L., Millward, D. J., Long, S. J., and Morgan, L. M. Casein and whey exert different effects on plasma amino acid profiles, gastrointestinal hormone secretion and appetite. Br J Nutr 2003;89(2):239-248. View abstract.
85764
Tipton, K. D., Elliott, T. A., Cree, M. G., Wolf, S. E., Sanford, A. P., and Wolfe, R. R. Ingestion of casein and whey proteins result in muscle anabolism after resistance exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;36(12):2073-2081. View abstract.
85821
Willoughby, D. S., Stout, J. R., and Wilborn, C. D. Effects of resistance training and protein plus amino acid supplementation on muscle anabolism, mass, and strength. Amino.Acids 2007;32(4):467-477. View abstract.
85932
Claessens, M., van Baak, M. A., Monsheimer, S., and Saris, W. H. The effect of a low-fat, high-protein or high-carbohydrate ad libitum diet on weight loss maintenance and metabolic risk factors. Int J Obes.(Lond) 2009;33(3):296-304. View abstract.
85945
Hoffman, J. R., Ratamess, N. A., Tranchina, C. P., Rashti, S. L., Kang, J., and Faigenbaum, A. D. Effect of a proprietary protein supplement on recovery indices following resistance exercise in strength/power athletes. Amino.Acids 2010;38(3):771-778. View abstract.
85948
Veldhorst, M. A., Nieuwenhuizen, A. G., Hochstenbach-Waelen, A., van Vught, A. J., Westerterp, K. R., Engelen, M. P., Brummer, R. J., Deutz, N. E., and Westerterp-Plantenga, M. S. Dose-dependent satiating effect of whey relative to casein or soy. Physiol Behav 3-23-2009;96(4-5):675-682. View abstract.
85981
Pal, S. and Ellis, V. The chronic effects of whey proteins on blood pressure, vascular function, and inflammatory markers in overweight individuals. Obesity.(Silver.Spring) 2010;18(7):1354-1359. View abstract.
86011
Pal, S., Ellis, V., and Dhaliwal, S. Effects of whey protein isolate on body composition, lipids, insulin and glucose in overweight and obese individuals. Br J Nutr 2010;104(5):716-723. View abstract.
86016
Alfenas, Rde C., Bressan, J., and Paiva, A. C. Effects of protein quality on appetite and energy metabolism in normal weight subjects. Arq Bras.Endocrinol Metabol. 2010;54(1):45-51. View abstract.
86025
Laviolette, L., Lands, L. C., Dauletbaev, N., Saey, D., Milot, J., Provencher, S., LeBlanc, P., and Maltais, F. Combined effect of dietary supplementation with pressurized whey and exercise training in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized, controlled, double-blind pilot study. J Med Food 2010;13(3):589-598. View abstract.
86052
Reitelseder, S., Agergaard, J., Doessing, S., Helmark, I. C., Lund, P., Kristensen, N. B., Frystyk, J., Flyvbjerg, A., Schjerling, P., van, Hall G., Kjaer, M., and Holm, L. Whey and casein labeled with L-[1-13C]leucine and muscle protein synthesis: effect of resistance exercise and protein ingestion. Am J Physiol Endocrinol.Metab 2011;300(1):E231-E242. View abstract.
86058
Acheson, K. J., Blondel-Lubrano, A., Oguey-Araymon, S., Beaumont, M., Emady-Azar, S., Ammon-Zufferey, C., Monnard, I., Pinaud, S., Nielsen-Moennoz, C., and Bovetto, L. Protein choices targeting thermogenesis and metabolism. Am J Clin.Nutr 2011;93(3):525-534. View abstract.
86067
Pennings, B., Boirie, Y., Senden, J. M., Gijsen, A. P., Kuipers, H., and van Loon, L. J. Whey protein stimulates postprandial muscle protein accretion more effectively than do casein and casein hydrolysate in older men. Am J Clin.Nutr 2011;93(5):997-1005. View abstract.
86071
Dideriksen, K. J., Reitelseder, S., Petersen, S. G., Hjort, M., Helmark, I. C., Kjaer, M., and Holm, L. Stimulation of muscle protein synthesis by whey and caseinate ingestion after resistance exercise in elderly individuals. Scand.J Med.Sci Sports 2011;21(6):e372-e383. View abstract.
86084
Brun, A. C., Stordal, K., Johannesdottir, G. B., Bentsen, B. S., and Medhus, A. W. The effect of protein composition in liquid meals on gastric emptying rate in children with cerebral palsy. Clin.Nutr 2012;31(1):108-112. View abstract.
86100
Abou-Samra, R., Keersmaekers, L., Brienza, D., Mukherjee, R., and Mace, K. Effect of different protein sources on satiation and short-term satiety when consumed as a starter. Nutr J 2011;10:139. View abstract.
86103
Savage, K., Kritas, S., Schwarzer, A., Davidson, G., and Omari, T. Whey- vs casein-based enteral formula and gastrointestinal function in children with cerebral palsy. JPEN J Parenter.Enteral Nutr 2012;36(1 Suppl):118S-123S. View abstract.
86105
Lorenzen, J., Frederiksen, R., Hoppe, C., Hvid, R., and Astrup, A. The effect of milk proteins on appetite regulation and diet-induced thermogenesis. Eur.J Clin.Nutr 2012;66(5):622-627. View abstract.
86129
Ang, M., Muller, A. S., Wagenlehner, F., Pilatz, A., and Linn, T. Combining protein and carbohydrate increases postprandial insulin levels but does not improve glucose response in patients with type 2 diabetes. Metabolism 2012;61(12):1696-1702. View abstract.
86144
Arnberg, K., Molgaard, C., Michaelsen, K. F., Jensen, S. M., Trolle, E., and Larnkjaer, A. Skim milk, whey, and casein increase body weight and whey and casein increase the plasma C-peptide concentration in overweight adolescents. J Nutr 2012;142(12):2083-2090. View abstract.
86149
Reidy, P. T., Walker, D. K., Dickinson, J. M., Gundermann, D. M., Drummond, M. J., Timmerman, K. L., Fry, C. S., Borack, M. S., Cope, M. B., Mukherjea, R., Jennings, K., Volpi, E., and Rasmussen, B. B. Protein blend ingestion following resistance exercise promotes human muscle protein synthesis. J Nutr 2013;143(4):410-416. View abstract.
86231
Khoshoo, V., Zembo, M., King, A., Dhar, M., Reifen, R., and Pencharz, P. Incidence of gastroesophageal reflux with whey- and casein-based formulas in infants and in children with severe neurological impairment. J Pediatr Gastroenterol.Nutr 1996;22(1):48-55. View abstract.
86265
Boirie, Y., Dangin, M., Gachon, P., Vasson, M. P., Maubois, J. L., and Beaufrere, B. Slow and fast dietary proteins differently modulate postprandial protein accretion. Proc Natl.Acad.Sci U.S.A 12-23-1997;94(26):14930-14935. View abstract.
86303
Cepero, M. Influence of ingesting casein protein and whey carbohydrate beverages on recovery and performance of an endurance cycling test. Journal of Human Sport & Exercise 2010;5(2):158.
91251
Tarnopolsky MA, Parise G, Yardley NJ, et al. Creatine-dextrose and protein-dextrose induce similar strength gains during training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001;33(12):2044-52. View abstract.
91252
Ormsbee MJ, Mandler WK, Thomas DD, et al. The effects of six weeks of supplementation with multi-ingredient performance supplements and resistance training on anabolic hormones, body composition, strength, and power in resistance-trained men. J Int Soc Sports Nut 2012;9(1):49. View abstract.
91253
Wilborn CD, Taylor LW, Outlaw J, et al. The effects of pre- and post-exercise whey vs. casein protein consumption on body composition and performance measures in collegiate female athletes. J Sports Sci Med 2013;12(1):74-9. View abstract.
91254
Hoffman JR, Ratamess NA, Tranchina CP, et al. Effect of protein-supplement timing on strength, power, and body-composition changes in resistance-trained men. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2009;19(2):172-85. View abstract.
91255
Verdijk LB, Jonkers RA, Gleeson BG, et al. Protein supplementation before and after exercise does not further augment skeletal muscle hypertrophy after resistance training in elderly men. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;89(2):608-16. View abstract.
91257
Koopman R, Crombach N, Gijsen AP, et al. Ingestion of a protein hydrolysate is accompanied by an accelerated in vivo digestion and absorption rate when compared with its intact protein. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;90(1):106-15. View abstract.
91258
Res PT, Groen B, Pennings B, et al. Protein ingestion before sleep improves postexercise overnight recovery. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2012;44(8):1560-9. View abstract.
91260
Burk A, Timpmann S, Medijainen L, et al. Time-divided ingestion pattern of casein-based protein supplement stimulates an increase in fat-free body mass during resistance training in young untrained men. Nutr Res 2009;29(6):405-13. View abstract.
91261
Holt C, Carver JA, Ecroyd H, Thorn DC. Invited review: caseins and the casein micelle: their biological functions, structures, and behavior in foods. J Dairy Sci 2013;96(10):6127-46. View abstract.
91263
Engelen MP, Rutten EP, De Castro CL, et al. Casein protein results in higher prandial and exercise induced whole body protein anabolism than whey protein in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Metabolism 2012;61(9):1289-300. View abstract.
91266
Kearns PJ, Young H, Garcia G, et al. Accelerated improvement of alcoholic liver disease with enteral nutrition. Gastroenterology 1992;102(1):200-5. View abstract.
91267
Christie ML, Sack DM, Pomposelli J, Horst D. Enriched branched-chain amino acid formula versus a casein-based supplement in the treatment of cirrhosis. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1985;9(6):671-8. View abstract.
91268
Hirsch S, Bunout D, de la Maza P, et al. Controlled trial on nutrition supplementation in outpatients with symptomatic alcoholic cirrhosis. JPEN Parenter Enteral Nutr 1993;17(2):119-24. View abstract.
91270
Boulhosa RS, Oliveira LP, Jesus RP, et al. The impact of nutritional supplementation on quality of life in patients infected with hepatitis C virus. J Hum Nutr Diet 2013;26 Suppl 1:7-15. View abstract.
91272
Bendtsen LQ, Lorenzen JK, Gomes S, et al. Effects of hydrolysed casein, intact casein and intact whey protein on energy expenditure and appetite regulation: a randomised, controlled, cross-over stuy. Br J Nutr 2014;112(8):1412-22. View abstract.
91273
Wang MF, Yamamoto S, Chung HM, et al. Antihypercholesterolemic effect of undigested fraction of soybean protein in young female volunteers. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1995;41(2):187-95. View abstract.
91274
Shige H, Ishikawa T, Higashi K, et al. Effects of soy protein isolate (SPI) and casein on the postprandial lipemia in normolipidemic men. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1998;44(1):113-27. View abstract.
91276
Manders RJ, Hansen D, Zorenc AH, et al. Protein co-ingestion strongly increases postprandial insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes patients. J Med Food 2014;17(7):758-63. View abstract.
91277
Westphal S, Kastner S, Taneva E, et al. Postprandial lipid and carbohydrate responses after the ingestion of a casein-enriched mixed meal. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80(2):284-90. View abstract.
91278
Dideriksen K, Reitelseder S, Holm L. Influence of amino acids, dietary protein, and physical activity on muscle mass development in humans. Nutrients 2013;5(3):852-76. View abstract.
91279
Jenkins DJ, Srichaikul K, Wong JM, et al. Supplemental barley protein and casein similarly affect serum lipids in hypercholesterolemic women and men. J Nutr 2010;140(9):1633-7. View abstract.
91280
Figueroa A, Wong A, Kinsey A, et al. Effects of milk proteins and combined exercise training on aortic hemodynamics and arterial stiffness in young obese women with high blood pressure. Am J Hypertens 2014;27(3):338-44. View abstract.
91281
Weisse K, Brandsch C, Zernsdorf B, et al. Lupin protein compared to casein lowers the LDL cholesterol:HDL cholesterol-ratio of hypercholesterolemic adults. Eur J Nutr 2010;49(2):65-71. View abstract.
91282
Holmer-Jensen J, Mortensen LS, Astrup A, et al. Acute differential effects of dietary protein quality on postprandial lipemia in obese non-diabetic subjects. Nutr Res 2013;33(1):34-40. View abstract.
91284
Marsset-Baglieri A, Fromentin G, Airinei G, et al. Milk protein fractions moderately extend the duration of satiety compared with carbohydrates independently of their digestive kinetics in overweight subjects. Br J Nutr 2014;112(4):557-64. View abstract.
91285
Lang V, Bellisle F, Oppert JM, et al. Satiating effect of proteins in healthy subjects: a comparison of egg albumin, casein, gelatin, soy protein, pea protein, and wheat gluten. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;67(6):1197-204. View abstract.
91286
Pal S, Radavelli-Bagatini S, Hagger M, Ellis V. Comparative effects of whey and casein proteins on satiety in overweight and obese individuals: a randomized controlled trail. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014;68(9):980-6. View abstract.
91293
Madzima TA, Panton LB, Fretti SK, et al. Night-time consumption of protein or carbohydrate results in increased morning resting energy expenditure in active college-aged men. Br J Nutr 2014;111(1):71-7. View abstract.
91294
Anderson JW, Fuller J, Patterson K, et al. Soy compared to casein meal replacement shakes with energy-restricted diets for obese women: randomized controlled trial. Metabolism 2007;56(2):280-8. View abstract.
91295
Manders RJ, Wagenmakers AJ, Koopman R, et al. Co-ingestion of a protein hydrolysate and amino acid mixture with carbohydrate improves plasma glucose disposal in patients with type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;82(1):76-83. View abstract.
91296
Manders RJ, Praet SF, Meex RC, et al. Protein hydrolysate/leucine co-ingestion reduces the prevalence of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 2006;29(12):2721-2. View abstract.
91297
Manders RJ, Koopman R, Sluijsmans WE, et al. Co-ingestion of a protein hydrolysate with or without additional leucine effectively reduces postprandial blood glucose excursions in type 2 diabetic men. J Nutr 2006;136(5):1294-9. View abstract.
91299
Geerts BF, van Dongen MG, Flameling B, et al. Hydrolyzed casein decreases posprandial glucose concentrations in T2DM patients irrespective of leucine content. J Diet Suppl 2011;8(3):280-92. View abstract.
91626
McGregor RA, Poppit SD. Milk protein for improved metabolic health: A review of the evidence. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2013;10(1):46. View abstract.
91627
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91628
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91629
Lam HY, van Hoffen E, Michelsen A, et al. Cow's milk allergy in adults is rare but severe: Both casein and whey proteins are involved. Clin Exp Allergy 2008;38(6):995-1002. View abstract.
91630
Pedrosa M, Pascual CY, Larco JI, Esteban MM. Palatability and hydrolysates and other substitution formulas for cow's milk-allergic children: a comparative study of taste, smell, and texture evaluated by healthy volunteers. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2006;16(6):351-6. View abstract.
91632
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91633
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91634
Hurrell RF, Lynch SR, Trinidad TP, et al. Iron absorption in humans as influenced by bovine milk proteins. Am J Clin Nutr 1989;49(3):546-52. View abstract.
91635
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91636
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91637
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91639
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91640
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91641
Lollo PC, Amaya-Farfan J, de Carvalho-Silva LB. Physiological and physical effects of different milk protein supplements in elite soccer players. J Hum Kinet 2011;30:49-57. View abstract.
91645
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91646
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91655
Mallet E, Henocq A. Long-term prevention of allergic diseases by using protein hydrolysate formula in at-risk infants. J Pediatr 1992;121(5 Pt 2):S95-100. View abstract.
91656
Oldaeus G, Anjou K, Bjorksten B, et al. Extensively and partially hydrolysed infant formulas for allergy prophylaxis. Arch Dis Child 1997;77(1):4-10. View abstract.
91658
von Berg A, Koletzko S, Grubl A, et al. The effect of hydrolyzed cow's milk formula for allergy prevention in the first year of life: the German Infant Nutritional Intervention Study, a randomized double-blind trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003;111(3):533-40. View abstract.
91659
von Berg A, Koletzko S, Filipiak-Pittroff B, et al. Certain hydrolyzed formulas reduce the incidence of atopic dermatitis but not that of asthma: three-year results of the German Infant Nutritional Intervention Study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007;119(3):718-25. View abstract.
91660
von Berg A, Filipiak-Pittroff B, Kramer U, et al. Preventive effect of hydrolyzed infant formulas persists until age 6 years: long-term results from the German Infant Nutritional Intervention Study (GINI). J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008;121(6):1442-7. View abstract.
91666
Cooper PA, Rothberg AD, Davies VA, Argent AC. Comparative growth and biochemical response of very low birthweight infants fed own mother's milk, a premature infant formula, or one of two standard formulas. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1985;4(5):786-94. View abstract.
91667
Gunn TR, Stunzer D. A comparative trial of casein or whey-predominant formulae in healthy infants. N Z Med J 1986;99(813):843-6. View abstract.
91668
Harrison GG, Graver EJ, Vargas M, et al. Growth and adiposity of term infants fed whey-predominant or casein-predominant formulas or human milk. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1987;6(5):739-47. View abstract.
91669
Kashyap S, Okamoto E, Kanaya S, et al. Protein quality in feeding low birth weight infants: a comparison of whey-predominant versus casein-predominant formulas. Pediatrics 1987;79(5):748-55. View abstract.
91670
Bernbaum JC, Sasanow SR, Churella HR, Daft A. Growth and metabolic response of premature infants fed whey- or casein-dominant formulas after hospital discharge. J Pediatr 1989;115(4):652-6. View abstract.
91671
Fok TF, So LY, Lee NN, et al. Late metabolic acidosis and poor weight gain in moderately pre-term babies fed with a casein-predominant formula: a continuing need for caution. Ann Trop Paediatr 1989;9(4):243-7. View abstract.
91676
Virtanen SM, Knip M. Nutritional risk predictors of beta cell autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes at a young age. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;78(6):1053-67. View abstract.
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Knip M, Virtanen SM, Akerblom HK. Infant feeding and the risk of type 1 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91(5):1506S-1513S. View abstract.
91678
Pasin G, Comerford KB. Dairy food and dairy proteins in the management of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of the clinical evidence. Adv Nutr 2015;6(3):245-59. View abstract.
91679
Devries MC, Phillips SM. Supplemental protein in support of muscle mass and health: advantage whey. J Food Sci 2015;80 Suppl 1:A8-A15. View abstract.
103763
Cicero AFG, Aubin F, Azais-Braesco V, Borghi C. Do the lactotripeptides isoleucine-proline-proline and valine-proline-proline reduce systolic blood pressure in European subjects? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Hypertens. 2013;26(3):442-9. View abstract.
103765
Fekete AA, Givens DA, Lovegrove JA. Casein-derived lactotripeptides reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure in a meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. Nutrients. 2015;7(1):659-81. View abstract.
103770
Qin LQ, Xu JY, Dong JY, Zhao Y, van Bladeren P, Zhang W. Lactotripeptides intake and blood pressure management: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled clinical trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2013;23(5):395-402. View abstract.
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103773
Horner K, Drummond E, O'Sullivan V, S C Sri Harsha P, Brennan L. Effects of a casein hydrolysate versus intact casein on gastric emptying and amino acid responses. Eur J Nutr. 2019;58(3):955-964. View abstract.
103775
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