Proprietary Blend 400 mg: Chickweed herb (stellaria media), Coltsfoot herb (tussilago farfara), Mullein flower (verbascum thapsus), Fenugreek seed (trigonella foenum graceum), Myrrh Gum (commiphora molmol engler), Nettles leaf (urtica diocia), Yarrow flower (achillia millefolium), Alfalfa leaf (medicago sativa). Other Ingredients: Gelatin, Rice Flour.
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Below is general information about the effectiveness of the known ingredients contained in the product Botanic Choice Lung Herbal Food Formula. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
There is insufficient reliable information available about the effectiveness of coltsfoot.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
Below is general information about the safety of the known ingredients contained in the product Botanic Choice Lung Herbal Food Formula. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when the leaves are used orally and appropriately, short-term (4,6,12).
LIKELY UNSAFE ...when large amounts are used long-term. Chronic ingestion of alfalfa has been associated with drug-induced lupus effects (381,14828,30602).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: POSSIBLY UNSAFE
when used orally in medicinal amounts.
Alfalfa contains constituents with possible estrogenic activity (4,11,30592).
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally in the amounts commonly found in foods (12). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of chickweed when used orally or topically as a medicine.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally in the amounts commonly found in foods (12).
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of chickweed when used orally in amounts greater than those found in food; avoid using.
LIKELY UNSAFE ...when products containing hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) constituents are used orally. Repeated exposure to low concentrations of hepatotoxic PAs can cause severe veno-occlusive disease. Hepatotoxic PAs might also be carcinogenic and mutagenic (12841,12842). Dietary supplement products sold in the US are not required to include the amount of PAs they may contain; therefore, all preparations used orally containing coltsfoot should be considered potentially unsafe (3484). Tell patients not to use coltsfoot preparations that are not certified and labeled as hepatotoxic PA-free.
PREGNANCY: LIKELY UNSAFE
when products containing hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) constituents are used orally.
Coltsfoot preparations containing hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) constituents might be teratogenic and hepatotoxic (575,12841,12842). There is one case report of fatal hepatic veno-occlusive disease in a neonate associated with regular maternal consumption during pregnancy of an herb tea containing several pyrrolizidine alkaloid herbs, including coltsfoot (575). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of using coltsfoot products certified and labeled as hepatotoxic PA-free during pregnancy; avoid using.
LACTATION: LIKELY UNSAFE
when used orally.
Hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) constituents in coltsfoot are excreted in milk (12841,12842). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of using coltsfoot products certified and labeled as hepatotoxic PA-free during lactation; avoid using.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally in amounts commonly found in foods. Fenugreek has Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status in the US (4912).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when the seed is used orally in medicinal amounts. Fenugreek seed powder 5-10 grams daily has been used with apparent safety for up to 3 years. Fenugreek seed extract 1 gram daily has been used with apparent safety for up to 3 months (7389,9783,18359,18362,49868,90112,90113,90117,93419,93420)(93421,93422,93423,96065,103285,108704).
CHILDREN: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally in amounts commonly found in foods (4912).
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of fenugreek when used in larger amounts. Unusual body and urine odor has been reported after consumption of fenugreek tea. Although the odor appears to be harmless, it may be misdiagnosed as maple syrup urine disease (9782,96068).
PREGNANCY: LIKELY UNSAFE
when used orally in amounts greater than those found in food.
Fenugreek has potential oxytoxic and uterine stimulant activity (12531). There are case reports of congenital malformations, including hydrocephalus, anencephaly, cleft palate, and spina bifida, after consumption of fenugreek seeds during pregnancy (96068). Consumption of fenugreek immediately prior to delivery may cause the neonate to have unusual body odor. Although this does not appear to cause long-term sequelae, it may be misdiagnosed as maple syrup urine disease (9781,96068).
LACTATION: POSSIBLY SAFE
when used orally to stimulate lactation, short-term.
Although most available clinical studies lack safety testing in the lactating parent or infant (12535,22569,22570), some evidence suggests that taking fenugreek 1725 mg three times daily orally for 21 days does not cause negative side effects in the infant (90115).
LIKELY SAFE ...when consumed in amounts commonly found in food. Myrrh is approved for use in foods as a flavoring agent in the US (11).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately in medicinal amounts, short-term. Myrrh 400 mg three times daily has been safely used for up to 12 months (93653,104593). Myrrh 500 mg three times daily has been used with apparent safety for 2 weeks (104840). ...when used topically and appropriately (2,4,5,11,18). As a diluted bath, myrrh has been used with apparent safety for up to 7 days (104838,104839).
POSSIBLY UNSAFE ...when used orally in excessive doses. Myrrh may cause kidney irritation and diarrhea when used in doses of 2-4 grams (12).
PREGNANCY: LIKELY UNSAFE
when used orally.
Myrrh stimulates uterine tone and blood flow and may have an abortifacient effect (4,12,19,93645). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of the topical use of myrrh during pregnancy.
LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately. Stinging nettle root 360-600 mg has been used safely for up to 1 year (5093,11230,15195,76406,96744). ...when used topically and appropriately (12490).
PREGNANCY: LIKELY UNSAFE
when used orally due to possible abortifacient and uterine-stimulant effects (4,6,19).
LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally in amounts commonly found in foods. Yarrow products that are thujone-free have Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) status for use in foods in the US (4912); however, products containing thujone might not be safe. Thujone is a chemical that stimulates the central nervous system and is poisonous in large doses.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately in medicinal amounts (2,12,100346). Yarrow whole plant extract has been used with apparent safety at a dose of 250-500 mg daily for 12 months (100346). ...when used intravaginally as a cream containing yarrow extract 2% daily for 7 days (105360). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of yarrow when applied topically.
PREGNANCY: LIKELY UNSAFE
when used orally; yarrow is believed to be an abortifacient and affect the menstrual cycle (12).
LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid use.
Below is general information about the interactions of the known ingredients contained in the product Botanic Choice Lung Herbal Food Formula. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
Theoretically, alfalfa might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
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Theoretically, alfalfa might interfere with the activity of contraceptive drugs.
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Theoretically, alfalfa might interfere with hormone therapy.
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Theoretically, alfalfa might decrease the efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy.
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Theoretically, concomitant use of alfalfa with photosensitizing drugs might have additive effects.
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Animal research suggests that excessive doses of alfalfa may increase photosensitivity, possibly due to its chlorophyll content (106043). It is unclear if this effect would be clinically relevant in humans.
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Theoretically, alfalfa might reduce the anticoagulant activity of warfarin.
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Concomitant use might increase the risk of bleeding due to decreased platelet aggregation. Coltsfoot has been reported to inhibit platelet aggregation (12864); avoid concomitant use. Some of these drugs include aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), dalteparin (Fragmin), enoxaparin (Lovenox), heparin, ticlopidine (Ticlid), warfarin (Coumadin), and others.
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Theoretically, excessive doses of coltsfoot may interfere with antihypertensive or cardiovascular therapy (12858).
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Hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) are substrates of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) (12841,12860). Theoretically, drugs that induce CYP3A4 might increase the conversion of PAs to toxic metabolites. Some drugs that induce CYP3A4 include carbamazepine (Tegretol), phenobarbital, phenytoin (Dilantin), rifampin, rifabutin (Mycobutin), and others.
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Theoretically, fenugreek might have additive effects when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
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Some of the constituents in fenugreek have antiplatelet effects in animal and in vitro research. However, common fenugreek products might not contain sufficient concentrations of these constituents for clinical effects. A clinical study in patients with coronary artery disease or diabetes shows that taking fenugreek seed powder 2.5 grams twice daily for 3 months does not affect platelet aggregation, fibrinolytic activity, or fibrinogen levels (5191,7389,49643).
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Theoretically, fenugreek seed might have additive hypoglycemic effects when used with antidiabetes drugs.
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Theoretically, fenugreek seed might alter the clinical effects of clopidogrel by inhibiting its conversion to the active form.
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Animal research shows that fenugreek seed 200 mg/kg daily for 14 days increases the maximum serum concentration of clopidogrel by 21%. It is unclear how this affects the pharmacokinetics of the active metabolite of clopidogrel; however, this study found that concomitant use of fenugreek seed and clopidogrel prolonged bleeding time by an additional 11% (108701).
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Theoretically, fenugreek seed might have additive hypotensive effects when used with metoprolol.
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Animal research shows that fenugreek seed 300 mg/kg daily for 2 weeks decreases systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 9% and 11%, respectively, when administered alone, and by 15% and 22%, respectively, when given with metoprolol 10 mg/kg (108703).
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Theoretically, fenugreek might decrease plasma levels of phenytoin.
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Animal research shows that taking fenugreek seeds for 1 week decreases maximum concentrations and the area under the curve of a single dose of phenytoin by 44% and 72%, respectively. This seems to be related to increased clearance (110905). So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, concurrent use of sildenafil and fenugreek might reduce levels and therapeutic effects of sildenafil.
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Animal research shows that taking fenugreek seeds for 1 week reduces maximum concentrations and the area under the curve of a single dose of sildenafil by 27% and 48%, respectively (110898). So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, fenugreek may reduce the levels and clinical effects of theophylline.
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Animal research shows that fenugreek 50 grams daily for 7 days reduces the maximum serum concentration (Cmax) of theophylline by 28% and the area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve (AUC) by 22% (90118).
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Theoretically, fenugreek might have additive effects with warfarin and increase the international normalized ratio (INR).
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Theoretically, myrrh might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
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Theoretically, myrrh might decrease the effectiveness of warfarin.
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In one case, a patient who was previously stable on warfarin had a significant decline in international normalized ratio (INR) following consumption of an aqueous extract of myrrh (14425).
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Theoretically, stinging nettle might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs.
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Theoretically, combining stinging nettle with diuretic drugs may have additive effects.
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Theoretically, stinging nettle might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
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Animal research suggests that stinging nettle has diuretic and natriuretic properties, which could alter the excretion of lithium (76402). The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.
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There is some concern that stinging nettle might decrease the effects of anticoagulant drugs such as warfarin.
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Stinging nettle contains a significant amount of vitamin K (19). When taken in large quantities, this might interfere with the activity of warfarin.
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Theoretically, taking yarrow with lithium might increase the levels and adverse effects of lithium.
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Animal research shows that yarrow has diuretic activity (106018). Theoretically, due to these potential diuretic effects, yarrow might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.
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Below is general information about the adverse effects of the known ingredients contained in the product Botanic Choice Lung Herbal Food Formula. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
General
...Orally, alfalfa leaf seems to be well tolerated.
However, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, and flatulence.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: Lupus-like syndrome after chronic ingestion of alfalfa.
Dermatologic ...Dermatitis associated with alfalfa use has been reported. In a 1954 publication, dermatitis was noted in a 61-year-old female consuming 4-6 cups of tea made with two tablespoonfuls of alfalfa seeds for approximately two months prior to onset. Examination revealed diffuse, confluent edema and erythema on the face, eyelids, ears, hands, forearms, and distal humeral regions. The dermatitis improved with treatment; re-exposure to alfalfa resulted in a similar reaction (30609).
Endocrine
...Alfalfa contains constituents, including coumestrol, with reported estrogenic activity (30586,30592,4753).
Effects in humans are not known.
One case report documents hypokalemia in a female who had been drinking a "cleansing tea" containing alfalfa, licorice, and stinging nettle. The potassium level returned to normal after discontinuing the tea and initiating potassium supplementation. The specific cause of the hypokalemia is not clear. Notably, both stinging nettle and licorice have been associated with hypokalemia and may have been responsible for this effect (30562).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, flatulence and bulkier feces were reported during the first week of a case series of three subjects ingesting alfalfa (30598). In a case series of 15 patients ingesting alfalfa, increased fecal volume and increased stool frequency was reported. Additional adverse effects included abdominal discomfort in two patients, diarrhea in two patients, loose stools in six patients, and intestinal gas in 13 patients (5816).
Hematologic ...Pancytopenia and splenomegaly were reported in a 59-year-old male who had been taking 80-160 grams of ground alfalfa seeds for up to six weeks at a time, for a five month period. Hematologic values and spleen size returned to normal when alfalfa was discontinued (381).
Other
...Alfalfa products, including sprouts, seeds, and tablets, have been found to be contaminated with Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes, which have caused documented infections (5600,30566,30568,30572,30569,30564,30604,30610,30563,30607) (30566,30564,30604,30610,30563,30607,30576).
Orally, alfalfa has been associated with the development of a lupus-like syndrome in animals and humans (30594,14828,14830,30602), as well as with possible exacerbations of lupus in patients with known systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). These reactions may be associated with the amino acid L-canavanine (30594), which appears to be present in alfalfa seeds and sprouts, but not leaves, and therefore should not be present in alfalfa tablets manufactured from the leaves (30601). However, case reports have included individuals ingesting tablets. A lupus-like syndrome was described in four patients taking 12-24 alfalfa tablets per day. Symptoms included arthralgias, myalgias, and rash; positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) arose anywhere from three weeks to seven months after initiating alfalfa therapy. Upon discontinuation of alfalfa tablets, all four patients became asymptomatic. In two patients, ANA levels normalized (14828). Two additional reports have documented possible exacerbation or induction of SLE associated with alfalfa use. One case involved a female with a 26-year history of SLE, who had been taking 15 tablets of alfalfa daily for nine months prior to an exacerbation. Because of the delay in onset of the exacerbation from the initiation of alfalfa therapy, causation cannot be clearly established (30575). In a different report, SLE and arthritis were found in multiple family members who had been taking a combination of vitamin E and alfalfa tablets for seven years (30602). It is not known what other environmental or genetic factors may have affected these individuals, and the association with alfalfa is unclear.
General ...Orally, chickweed is generally well tolerated when consumed in food amounts. There is currently a limited amount of information on the adverse effects of chickweed when used as a medicine. A thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.
Immunologic ...Topically, chickweed extract has been reported to cause contact dermatitis (13478,41587,41590).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, consumption of large amounts of chickweed tea has been associated with some poorly documented cases of human paralysis (6). There is also one case of alleged nitrate toxicity leading to paralysis, but the chickweed implicated in this case may have been contaminated with fertilizer (12).
General ...Orally, the major concern with coltsfoot use is its pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) content. These alkaloids can cause liver and lung injury (12841,12842). Chronic exposure to other plants containing hepatotoxic PA constituents has been associated with hepatic veno-occlusive disease (4021). Sub-acute veno-occlusive disease can cause vague symptoms, including colicky pains, vomiting, diarrhea, and ascites within several days; persistent liver enlargement occurs within a few weeks (4021,12842). Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolus (PE) thought to be associated with coltsfoot have been reported (18242). Coltsfoot products containing PAs should be avoided. There is currently a limited amount of information available about the adverse effects of PA-free coltsfoot.
Cardiovascular ...Orally, a single case report associates coltsfoot and its PA content with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolus (PE). A 27-year-old man with no history of coagulation disorders developed a DVT and several PE after consuming unknown quantities of coltsfoot and several other herbs. However, he also had other risk factors for thrombosis, including smoking and recent bed rest (18242).
Hepatic ...Orally, coltsfoot might cause liver damage. Coltsfoot contains hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) (12841,12842). Chronic exposure to other plants containing hepatotoxic PAs is associated with veno-occlusive disease (4021). Sub-acute veno-occlusive disease can cause vague symptoms, including colicky pains, vomiting, diarrhea, and ascites within several days; persistent liver enlargement occurs within a few weeks (4021,12842).
Pulmonary/Respiratory ...Orally, coltsfoot might cause lung damage. The major concern with coltsfoot use is its pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) content. These constituents can cause lung damage with pulmonary-arterial hypertension (12841,12842).
General
...Orally, fenugreek seed is generally well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, dyspepsia, flatulence, hypoglycemia, and nausea.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
All ROA: Severe allergic reactions including angioedema, bronchospasm, and shock.
Endocrine ...Orally, large doses of fenugreek seed, 100 grams daily of defatted powder, have caused hypoglycemia (164,96068).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, fenugreek seed can cause mild gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea, dyspepsia, abdominal distention and pain, nausea, and flatulence, especially when taken on an empty stomach (622,12534,18349,93421,96065,96068,105016).
Immunologic ...Fenugreek can cause allergic reactions when used orally and topically, and when the powder is inhaled (719,96068). Orally, fenugreek has caused bronchospasm, diarrhea, and itching, and skin reactions severe enough to require intravenous human immunoglobulin (96068). Topically, fenugreek paste has resulted in facial swelling, wheezing, and numbness around the head (719,96068). When used both orally and topically by a single individual, asthma and rhinitis occurred (96068). Inhalation of fenugreek powder has resulted in fainting, sneezing, runny nose, and eye tearing (719,96068).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, loss of consciousness has occurred in a 5 week-old infant drinking tea made from fenugreek (9782). Dizziness and headaches have been reported in clinical research of fenugreek extract (49551,93419). However, these events are rare.
Renal ...Orally, fenugreek aqueous see extract may increase the frequency of micturition, although this even appears to be rare (49551).
Other
...Consumption of fenugreek during pregnancy, immediately prior to delivery, may cause the neonate to have an unusual body odor, which may be confused with maple syrup urine disease.
It does not appear to cause long-term sequelae (9781). This unusual body odor may also occur in children drinking fenugreek tea. A case of a specific urine and sweat smell following oral fenugreek extract use has been reported for a patient in one clinical trial (18349).
In 2011, outbreaks of enteroaggregative hemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EATEC) O104:H4 infection occurred in Germany and Spain. Epidemiological studies linked the outbreaks to fenugreek seeds that had been imported from Africa. However, laboratory analyses were unable to isolate the causative strain of bacteria from fenugreek seed samples (49776,49777,49781,90114).
General ...Information regarding the adverse effects of mullein is limited. A thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.
Dermatologic ...Two case reports have described dermatitis, with positive patch tests, after topical exposure to the whole plant, or by occupational inhalation of plant dust (92839,97316). In the case of topical exposure, the patient also had positive patch tests to other plants.
General
...Orally, myrrh seems to be well tolerated.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: Kidney impairment and heart rate changes at high doses.
Cardiovascular ...Orally, myrrh taken at doses of 2-4 grams may cause heart rate changes in some patients (12,19).
Dermatologic ...Topically, myrrh has been reported to cause dermatitis (6).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, myrrh may cause diarrhea in some patients when taken at doses of 2-4 grams (12,19).
Genitourinary ...Severe lower abdominal pain has been reported in a pregnant woman drinking myrrh resin dissolved in 500 mL of water twice daily as prescribed by a traditional practitioner. This adverse effect resolved one day after discontinuing myrrh. The investigators suggest that this acute abdominal pain was related to myrrh's activity as a uterine stimulant (93645).
Immunologic ...Orally, myrrh has been reported to cause severe allergic skin reactions, with redness, swelling, and itching, in two case reports of individuals using oral traditional Chinese medicines containing myrrh (101114).
Renal ...Orally, myrrh may cause kidney impairment in some patients when taken at doses of 2-4 grams (12,19).
General
...Orally, stinging nettle seems to be generally well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Constipation, diarrhea.
Topically: Contact with the raw plant causes itching, rash, and stinging.
Dermatologic ...Topically, fresh stinging nettle leaves and stalk can cause localized rash, itching, and stinging (12490,76399,76412,76414,76417,76428,76448,96746). Usually, short exposure to stinging nettle results in a transient urticarial reaction and a stinging sensation which may persist for more than 12 hours (76399,76414,76417,96746). In one report, a patient placed a fresh stinging nettle leaf on the tongue to suck out the sap of the leaf. Severe tongue edema, pain, and urticaria developed within 5 minutes. Symptoms continued for several hours after the leaf was removed (15197). In another case report, a young couple intoxicated with methamphetamine fell and laid in a stinging nettle bush for 20 minutes, after which urticaria and pain continued for 2-3 weeks, and a heightened sensitivity to cold persisted for several months (96746).
Endocrine
...A case of gynecomastia has been reported for a 33-year-old male who consumed stinging nettle tea 2 cups daily for one month prior to symptom onset.
The condition subsided one month after discontinuing stinging nettle tea (76410).
There have been two cases of galactorrhea associated with the consumption of stinging nettle for one month (76410,108902). In one case, a 33-year-old female consuming stinging nettle tea showed high levels of estradiol and low levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The levels of these hormones normalized 6 weeks after discontinuing stinging nettle tea (76410). In the other case report describing a 30-year-old female self-treating with stinging nettle 500 mg daily, hormone levels were not reported; however, a mammogram showed scattered areas of fibroglandular density and benign-appearing calcifications. This patient had complete resolution of symptoms 1 week after discontinuation of stinging nettle (108902).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, stinging nettle root can cause gastrointestinal complaints, including diarrhea and constipation (1,7,11230). Stinging nettle above ground parts may cause mild gastrointestinal discomfort when taken on an empty stomach (7035). Stinging nettle juice may cause diarrhea (1). One patient taking a combination product containing stinging nettle root extract and pygeum bark extract (Prostatonin, Pharmaton) experienced continual gastrointestinal pain and hyperperistalsis. It is not clear if this effect was due to stinging nettle or pygeum (70230).
Genitourinary ...There is a case report of decreased ejaculatory volume associated with an herbal blend product containing stinging nettle root extract, saw palmetto extract, pumpkin seed oil extract, lemon bioflavonoid extract, and beta-carotene (5093). It is unclear if this was due to stinging nettle, other ingredients, or the combination.
Hepatic ...A case of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver disease (DILI) is reported in a 36-year-old female who presented with abdominal pain after 1 month of taking an herbal liver detox tea containing stinging nettle and other ingredients. Remarkable laboratory values included elevated liver enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin. The patient received a loading dose of N-acetylcysteine and was hospitalized for 12 days (112178). However, it is unclear if the adverse effect was due to the stinging nettle, other ingredients, or the combination.
Other ...Orally, stinging nettle root can cause sweating (1,7).
General
...Orally and intravaginally, yarrow seems to be well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Topically: Dermatitis.
Dermatologic
...Topically, yarrow can cause atopic or allergic dermatitis or urticaria due to its sesquiterpene lactone content (52558,68385,77007).
Yarrow has also been reported to cause phototoxic and photo-allergic dermatitis and airborne contact dermatitis (68385).
Intravaginally, aggravated facial acne was reported by 1 of 40 patients in a clinical trial (105360).
Endocrine ...Intravaginally, an early menses was reported by 1 of 40 patients in a clinical trial (105360).
Genitourinary ...Intravaginally, aggravated vaginal pruritus and dryness were reported by 1 of 40 patients in a clinical trial (105360).
Immunologic ...Topically, yarrow can cause atopic or allergic dermatitis or urticaria due to its sesquiterpene lactone content (52558,68385,77007,96911). It has also been reported to cause phototoxic and photo-allergic dermatitis and airborne contact dermatitis (68385). In one 44-year-old female, handling yarrow flowers resulted in rhinitis and asthma (96911).
