References
Kratom
21025
SNI National is Voluntarily recalling Kratom XL 4 Pack, Maeng Da Kratom 10 Pack, Max Kratom 20 Pack, and Bali Kratom 40 pack Due to Undeclared Drug Ingredients. FDA Recalls, Market Withdrawals, & Safety Alerts, March 14, 2014. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/Safety/Recalls/ucm389350.htm.
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de Moraes NV, Moretti RA, Furr EB 3rd, McCurdy CR, Lanchote VL. Determination of mitragynine in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS: application to pharmacokinetics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009;877(24):2593-7. View abstract.
27115
Singh D, Müller CP, Vicknasingam BK. Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) dependence, withdrawal symptoms and craving in regular users. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014 Jun 1;139:132-7. View abstract.
27116
Kittirattanapaiboon P, Suttajit S, Junsirimongkol B, Likhitsathian S, Srisurapanont M. Suicide risk among Thai illicit drug users with and without mental/alcohol use disorders. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2014 Mar 13;10:453-8. View abstract.
27117
Ponglux D, Wongseripipatana S, Takayama H, Kikuchi M, Kurihara M, Kitajima M, Aimi N, Sakai S. A New Indole Alkaloid, 7 alpha-Hydroxy-7H-mitragynine, from Mitragyna speciosa in Thailand. Planta Med 1994 Dec;60(6):580-1. View abstract.
27118
Phongprueksapattana S, Putalun W, Keawpradub N, Wungsintaweekul J. Mitragyna speciosa: hairy root culture for triterpenoid production and high yield of mitragynine by regenerated plants. Z Naturforsch C 2008 Sep-Oct;63(9-10):691-8. View abstract.
27119
Backstrom BG, Classon G, Lowenhielm P, Thelander G. [Krypton--new, deadly Internet drug. Since October 2009 have nine young persons died in Sweden]. Lakartidningen 2010;107(50):3196-3197. View abstract.
27120
Kronstrand R, Roman M, Thelander G, Eriksson A. Unintentional fatal intoxications with mitragynine and O-desmethyltramadol from the herbal blend Krypton. J Anal Toxicol 2011;35(4):242-247. View abstract.
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Roche KM, Hart K, Sangall B, Lefberg J, Bayer M. "Kratom: A Case of a Legal High". J Clin Toxicol 2008;46(7):598.
27122
Ward J, Rosenbaum C, Hernon C, McCurdy CR, Boyer EW. Herbal medicines for the management of opioid addiction: safe and effective alternatives to conventional pharmacotherapy? CNS Drugs 2011;25(12):999-1007. View abstract.
27123
Chan KB, Pakiam C, Rahim RA. Psychoactive plant abuse: the identification of mitragynine in ketum and in ketum preparations. Bull Narc 2005;57(1-2):249-256. View abstract.
27124
Koch J, Mogensen J, Pedersen S, et al. Fast one-step procedure for the detection of nucleic acids in situ by primer-induced sequence-specific labeling with fluorescein-12-dUTP. Cytogenet Cell Genet 1992;60(1):1-3. View abstract.
27125
McWhirter L, Morris S. A case report of inpatient detoxification after kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) dependence. Eur Addict Res 2010;16(4):229-231. View abstract.
27126
Rosenbaum CD, Carreiro SP, Babu KM. Here today, gone tomorrow...and back again? A review of herbal marijuana alternatives (K2, Spice), synthetic cathinones (bath salts), kratom, Salvia divinorum, methoxetamine, and piperazines. J Med Toxicol 2012;8(1):15-32. View abstract.
27127
Boyer EW, Babu KM, Adkins JE, McCurdy CR, Halpern JH. Self-treatment of opioid withdrawal using kratom (Mitragynia speciosa korth). Addiction 2008;103(6):1048-1050. View abstract.
27128
Boyer EW, Babu KM, Macalino G. E. Self-treatment of opioid withdrawal with a dietary supplement, Kratom. Am J Addict 2007;16(5):352-356. View abstract.
27130
Jansen KL, Prast CJ. Ethnopharmacology of kratom and the Mitragyna alkaloids. J Ethnopharmacol 1988;23(1):115-119.
27131
Nelsen JL, Lapoint J, Hodgman MJ, Aldous KM. Seizure and coma following Kratom (Mitragynina speciosa Korth) exposure. J Med Toxicol 2010;6(4):424-426. View abstract.
27132
Sheleg SV, Collins GB. A coincidence of addiction to "Kratom" and severe primary hypothyroidism. J Addict Med 2011;5(4):300-301. View abstract.
27133
Kapp FG, Maurer HH, Auwarter V, Winkelmann M, Hermanns-Clausen M. Intrahepatic cholestasis following abuse of powdered kratom (Mitragyna speciosa). J Med Toxicol 2011;7(3):227-231. View abstract.
27134
Kong WM, Chik Z, Ramachandra M, et al. Evaluation of the effects of Mitragyna speciosa alkaloid extract on cytochrome P450 enzymes using a high throughput assay. Molecules. 2011;16(9):7344-7356. View abstract.
27135
Arndt T, Claussen U, Gussregen B, et al. Kratom alkaloids and O-desmethyltramadol in urine of a "Krypton" herbal mixture consumer. Forensic Sci Int 2011;208(1-3):47-52. View abstract.
27136
US Food and Drug Administration (2014). SNI National is Voluntarily recalling Kratom XL 4 Pack, Maeng Da Kratom 10 Pack, Max Kratom 20 Pack, and Bali Kratom 40 pack Due to Undeclared Drug Ingredients [Press Release].
27139
Philipp AA, Wissenbach DK, Weber AA, Zapp J, Maurer HH. Metabolism studies of the Kratom alkaloids mitraciliatine and isopaynantheine, diastereomers of the main alkaloids mitragynine and paynantheine, in rat and human urine using liquid chromatography-linear ion trap-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011;879(15-16):1049-1055. View abstract.
27140
Philipp AA, Meyer MR, Wissenbach DK, et al. Monitoring of kratom or Krypton intake in urine using GC-MS in clinical and forensic toxicology. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011;400(1):127-135. View abstract.
27141
Philipp AA, Wissenbach DK, Weber AA, Zapp J, Maurer HH. Metabolism studies of the Kratom alkaloid speciociliatine, a diastereomer of the main alkaloid mitragynine, in rat and human urine using liquid chromatography-linear ion trap mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011;399(8):2747-2753. View abstract.
27142
Philipp AA, Wissenbach DK, Weber AA, Zapp J, Maurer HH. Phase I and II metabolites of speciogynine, a diastereomer of the main Kratom alkaloid mitragynine, identified in rat and human urine by liquid chromatography coupled to low- and high-resolution linear ion trap mass spectrometry. J Mass Spectrom 2010;45(11):1344-1357. View abstract.
27143
Philipp AA, Wissenbach DK, Weber AA, et al. Use of liquid chromatography coupled to low- and high-resolution linear ion trap mass spectrometry for studying the metabolism of paynantheine, an alkaloid of the herbal drug Kratom in rat and human urine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010;396(7):2379-2391. View abstract.
27144
Babu KM, McCurdy CR, Boyer EW. Opioid receptors and legal highs: Salvia divinorum and Kratom. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2008;46(2):146-152. View abstract.
27145
Parthasarathy S, Ramanathan S, Ismail S, et al. Determination of mitragynine in plasma with solid-phase extraction and rapid HPLC-UV analysis, and its application to a pharmacokinetic study in rat. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010;397(5):2023-2030. View abstract.
27146
Philipp AA, Wissenbach DK, Zoerntlein SW, et al. Studies on the metabolism of mitragynine, the main alkaloid of the herbal drug Kratom, in rat and human urine using liquid chromatography-linear ion trap mass spectrometry. J Mass Spectrom 2009;44(8):1249-1261. View abstract.
90818
Drug Enforcement Administration. Kratom (Mytragyna speciosa korth). Available at: http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drug_chem_info/kratom.pdf.
90819
Ancuceanu RV, Dinu M, Anghel AI, et al. Recent prohibition of certain psychoactive ethnobotanicals in Romania. Farmacia 2010;58(2):-121-127.
94896
Statement from FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, M.D. on FDA advisory about deadly risks associated with kratom. FDA Statement: Press Announcements, November 14, 2017. https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm584970.htm. Accessed: November 14, 2017.
95797
Castillo A, Payne JD, Nugent K. Posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome after kratom ingestion. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2017;30(3):355-357. View abstract.
95798
Cumpston KL, Carter M, Wills BK. Clinical outcomes after Kratom exposures: A poison center case series. Am J Emerg Med. 2018;36(1):166-168. View abstract.
95799
Griffin OH, Webb ME. The Scheduling of Kratom and Selective Use of Data. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2017 Sep 22:1-7. doi: 10.1080/02791072.2017.1371363. View abstract.
95800
Guddat S, Görgens C, Steinhart V, Schänzer W, Thevis M. Mitragynine (Kratom) - monitoring in sports drug testing. Drug Test Anal. 2016;8(11-12):1114-1118. View abstract.
95801
Lydecker AG, Sharma A, McCurdy CR, Avery BA, Babu KM, Boyer EW. Suspected Adulteration of Commercial Kratom Products with 7-Hydroxymitragynine. J Med Toxicol. 2016;12(4):341-349. View abstract.
95802
White CM. Pharmacologic and clinical assessment of kratom. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2017. pii: ajhp161035. View abstract.
95803
Statement from FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, M.D., on the agency's scientific evidence on the presence of opioid compounds in kratom, underscoring its potential for abuse. FDA Statement. February 6, 2018. https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm595622.htm. Accessed 4/18/2018.
95804
FDA Adverse Event Reporting System: Kratom Deaths. February 6, 2018. https://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/CDERFOIAElectronicReadingRoom/UCM595575.pdf. Accessed March 6, 2018.
95805
Multistate Outbreak of Salmonella Infections Linked to Kratom. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: 2018 Outbreaks. March 15, 2018. https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/kratom-02-18/index.html. Accessed March 16, 2018
95818
Trakulsrichai S, Sathirakul K, Auparakkitanon S, et al. Pharmacokinetics of mitragynine in man. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015;9:2421-9. View abstract.
95819
Kruegel AC, Grundmann O. The medicinal chemistry and neuropharmacology of kratom: A preliminary discussion of a promising medicinal plant and analysis of its potential for abuse.Neuropharmacology. 2017. pii: S0028-3908(17)30393-3. View abstract.
98450
Singh D, Murugaiyah V, Hamid SBS, et al. Assessment of gonadotropins and testosterone hormone levels in regular Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) users. J Ethnopharmacol 2018;221:30-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.04.005. View abstract.
98451
Singh D, Müller CP, Murugaiyah V, et al. Evaluating the hematological and clinical-chemistry parameters of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) users in Malaysia. J Ethnopharmacol 2018;214:197-206. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.12.017. View abstract.
99182
Olsen EO, O'Donnell J, Mattson CL, Schier JG, Wilson N. Notes from the field: Unintentional drug overdose deaths with kratom detected - 27 States, July 2016-December 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;68(14):326-327. View abstract.
99810
Hughes RL. Fatal combination of mitragynine and quetiapine - a case report with discussion of a potential herb-drug interaction. Forensic Sci Med Pathol. 2019 Mar;15(1):110-113. View abstract.
99811
Gershman K, Timm K, Frank M, et al. Deaths in Colorado Attributed to Kratom. N Engl J Med. 2019 Jan 3;380(1):97-98. View abstract.
100503
Mackay L, Abrahams R. Novel case of maternal and neonatal kratom dependence and withdrawal. Can Fam Physician. 2018 Feb;64(2):121-122. View abstract.
100504
Davidson L, Rawat M, Stojanovski S, Chandrasekharan P. Natural drugs, not so natural effects: Neonatal abstinence syndrome secondary to 'kratom'. J Neonatal Perinatal Med. 2019;12(1):109-112. View abstract.
100505
Smid MC, Charles JE, Gordon AJ, Wright TE. Use of Kratom, an Opioid-like Traditional Herb, in Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Oct;132(4):926-928. View abstract.
100506
Muhammad BY, Abdullahi AD, Kadir, SS, Abdul Razak TB, Ahmed QU. In-utero effects of the crude ethanolic extract of the leaves of Mitragyna speciose on neural tube formation in rats. Asian J Exp Biol Sci. 2010;1(2):404-408.
101703
Aldyab M, Ells PF, Bui R, Chapman TD, Lee H. Kratom-Induced Cholestatic Liver Injury Mimicking Anti-Mitochondrial Antibody-Negative Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Gastroenterology Res. 2019 Aug;12(4):211-215. View abstract.
101704
Hemby SE, McIntosh S, Leon F, Cutler SJ, McCurdy CR. Abuse liability and therapeutic potential of the Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) alkaloids mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine. Addict Biol. 2019 Sep;24(5):874-885. View abstract.
101705
Nacca N, Schult RF, Li L, Spink DC, Ginsberg G, Navarette K, Marraffa J. Kratom Adulterated with Phenylethylamine and Associated Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Linking Toxicologists and Public Health Officials to Identify Dangerous Adulterants. J Med Toxicol. 2019 Nov 11. View abstract.
101706
Abdullah HMA, Haq I, Lamfers R. Cardiac arrest in a young healthy male patient secondary to kratom ingestion: is this 'legal high' substance more dangerous than initially thought ? BMJ Case Rep. 2019 Jul 19;12(7). pii: e229778. View abstract.
101707
Eggleston W, Stoppacher R, Suen K, Marraffa JM, Nelson LS. Kratom Use and Toxicities in the United States. Pharmacotherapy. 2019 Jul;39(7):775-777. doi: 10.1002/phar.2280. Epub 2019 Jun 13. View abstract.
103214
Afzal H, Esang M, Rahman S. A case of kratom-induced seizures. Cureus. 2020;12(1):e6588. View abstract.
103215
ELJack A, Beasley M, Ibrahim H, Taha M, Werns S. Kratom-associated ventricular fibrillation. Am J Ther. 2020. Online ahead of print. View abstract.
103216
Schimmel J, Dart RC. Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) liver injury: a comprehensive review. Drugs. 2020;80(3):263-83. View abstract.
103217
Matson M, Schenk N. Fatality of 33-year-old man involving kratom toxicity. J Forensic Sci. 2019;64(6):1933-5. View abstract.
103218
Vijeepallam K, Pandy V, Murugan DD, Naidu M. Methanolic extract of Mitragyna speciosa Korth leaf inhibits ethanol seeking behaviour in mice: involvement of antidopaminergic mechanism. Metab Brain Dis. 2019;34(6):1713-22. View abstract.
103219
Obeng S, Kamble SH, Reeves ME, et al. Investigation of the adrenergic and opioid binding affinities, metabolic stability, plasma protein binding properties, and functional effects of selected indole-based kratom alkaloids. J Med Chem. 2020;63(1):433-9. View abstract.
103220
Hassan R, Pike See C, Sreenivasan S, Mansor SM, Müller CP, Hassan Z. Mitragynine attenuates morphine withdrawal effects in rats - a comparison with methadone and buprenorphine. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:411. View abstract.
104633
Vicknasingam B, Chooi WT, Rahim AA, et al. Kratom and pain tolerance: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Yale J Biol Med. 2020;93(2):229-238. View abstract.
104634
Ahmad J, Odin JA, Hayashi PH, et al. Liver injury associated with kratom, a popular opioid-like product: Experience from the U.S. drug induced liver injury network and a review of the literature. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2021;218:108426. View abstract.
104635
Prozialeck WC, Edwards JR, Lamar PC, et al. Evaluation of the mitragynine content, levels of toxic metals and the presence of microbes in kratom products purchased in the western suburbs of Chicago. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(15):5512. View abstract.
104636
Leong Abdullah MFI, Tan KL, Narayanan S, et al. Is kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) use associated with ECG abnormalities? Electrocardiogram comparisons between regular kratom users and controls. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2020:1-9. View abstract.
104637
Davidson C, Cao D, King T, et al. A comparative analysis of kratom exposure cases in Thailand and the United States from 2010-2017. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2020:1-10. View abstract.
108565
Graves JM, Dilley JA, Terpak L, et al. Kratom exposures among older adults reported to U.S. poison centers, 2014-2019. J Am Geriatr Soc 2021;69(8):2176-2184. View abstract.
108566
Leong Bin Abdullah MFI, Singh D. Assessment of Cardiovascular Functioning Among Regular Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth) Users: A Case Series. Front Pharmacol 2021;12:723567. View abstract.
108757
Lei J, Butz A, Valentino N. Management of kratom dependence with buprenorphine/naloxone in a veteran population. Subst Abus 2021;42(4):497-502. View abstract.
108758
Burke DJ, Mahonski SG, Van Cott AC. Breakthrough Seizure Associated With Kratom Use in Patients With Epilepsy. Neurol Clin Pract 2021;11(1):78-84. View abstract.
108759
Regan GA, Papadakos PJ. Intracerebral hemorrhage after kratom ingestion. JAAPA 2021;34(4):33-36. View abstract.
108760
Halim SA, Low JH, Chee YC, Alias MR. Seizures among young adults consuming kratom beverages in Malaysia: A case series. Epilepsy Behav 2021;121(Pt A):108057. View abstract.
108761
Jensen AN, Truong QN, Jameson M, Nadal CN. Kratom-induced transaminitis with subsequent precipitated opioid withdrawal following naltrexone. Ment Health Clin 2021;11(3):220-224. View abstract.
108762
Torres-Ortiz A, Al Zein S, Alqudsi M. A Case of Hyperkalemia Induced by Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa). Cureus 2022;14(4):e24036. View abstract.
108763
Sangani V, Sunnoqrot N, Gargis K, Ranabhotu A, Mubasher A, Pokal M. Unusual Presentation of Kratom Overdose With Rhabdomyolysis, Transient Hearing Loss, and Heart Failure. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2021;9:23247096211005069. View abstract.
108764
Botejue M, Walia G, Shahin O, Sharma J, Zackria R. Kratom-Induced Liver Injury: A Case Series and Clinical Implications. Cureus 2021;13(4):e14679. View abstract.
108765
Patel P, Aknouk M, Keating S, et al. Cheating Death: A Rare Case Presentation of Kratom Toxicity. Cureus 2021;13(7):e16582. View abstract.
108766
Brogdon HD, McPhee MM, Paine MF, Cox EJ, Burns AG. A Case of Potential Pharmacokinetic Kratom-drug Interactions Resulting in Toxicity and Subsequent Treatment of Kratom Use Disorder With Buprenorphine/Naloxone. J Addict Med 2022. View abstract.
108767
Matos-Casano HA, Nanduri S. Transient Paralysis: A Novel Expression of Kratom Toxicity in Humans. Neurol Clin Pract 2021;11(1):e28-e29. View abstract.
112843
Basheer M, Hassan Z, Gam LH. Upregulation of Brain's Calcium Binding Proteins in Mitragynine Dependence: A Potential Cellular Mechanism to Addiction. Int J Med Sci 2023;20(1):102-113. View abstract.
113057
Chinnappan J, Navari Y, Casini D, Palanisamy N, Parikh N, Seedahmed E. Kratom-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2023;10(4):003835. View abstract.
113058
Deebel NA, Scarberry K, O'Connor CA, et al. Investigating the Impact of Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) Use Upon Male Sexual Health. Res Rep Urol 2023;15:69-76. View abstract.
113059
Eudaley ST, Brooks SP, Hamilton LA. Case Report: Possible Serotonin Syndrome in a Patient Taking Kratom and Multiple Serotonergic Agents. J Pharm Pract 2022. View abstract.
113060
Helander A, Rylski A. Drug testing for mitragynine and kratom: Analytical challenges and medico-legal considerations. Drug Test Anal 2023;15(2):213-219. View abstract.
113061
Hong S, Zimmerman PE, Rao V, Markwalter DW. Buprenorphine-Naloxone in the Setting of Kratom Withdrawal, Opioid Use Disorder, and Stage IV Lung Adenocarcinoma. J Palliat Med 2023;26(5):734-736. View abstract.
113062
Hughs M, Kish-Trier E, O'Brien A, McMillin GA. Analysis of Mitragynine and Speciociliatine in Umbilical Cord by LC-MS-MS for Detecting Prenatal Exposure to Kratom. J Anal Toxicol 2023;46(9):957-964. View abstract.
113063
Jasim RK, Singh D, Gam LH. Development and validation of ELISA for screening of Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) habitual users using urinary AZ122 biomarker. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023;70(2):707-715. View abstract.
113064
Johnson KM, Lause M, Chung C, Massick S. Kratom ingestion associated with photodistributed hyperpigmentation. Int J Dermatol 2023. View abstract.
113065
Kamble SH, Obeng S, León F, et al. Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Consequences of Cytochrome P450 3A Inhibition on Mitragynine Metabolism in Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023;385(3):180-192. View abstract.
113066
LeSaint KT, Yin S, Sharma A, Avery BA, McCurdy CR, Waksman JC. Acute Renal Insufficiency Associated With Consumption of Hydrocodone- and Morphine-Adulterated Kratom (Mitragyna Speciosa). J Emerg Med 2022;63(1):e28-e30. View abstract.
113067
Li X, Ndungu P, Taneja SB, et al. An evaluation of adverse drug reactions and outcomes attributed to kratom in the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System from January 2004 through September 2021. Clin Transl Sci 2023. View abstract.
113068
Martin G, Collins DP, Valenzuela H. Life-Threatening Hyponatremia Secondary to Chronic Kratom Use: A Case Presentation. Cureus 2022;14(9):e29073. View abstract.
113069
Mata DC, Chang HH. Postmortem Mitragynine Distribution in a Single Drug Fatality Case. Acad Forensic Pathol 2023;13(1):34-40. View abstract.
113070
Obeng S, Leon F, Patel A, et al. Interactive Effects of µ-Opioid and Adrenergic-a (2) Receptor Agonists in Rats: Pharmacological Investigation of the Primary Kratom Alkaloid Mitragynine and Its Metabolite 7-Hydroxymitragynine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022;383(3):182-198. View abstract.
113071
Peran D, Stern M, Cernohorsky P, Sykora R, Popela S, Duska F. Mitragyna speciosa (Kratom) poisoning: Findings from ten cases. Toxicon 2023;225:107054. View abstract.
113073
Powell LR, Ryser TJ, Morey GE, Cole R. Kratom as a novel cause of photodistributed hyperpigmentation. JAAD Case Rep 2022;28:145-148. View abstract.
113074
Prozialeck W, Fowler A, Edwards J. Public Health Implications and Possible Sources of Lead (Pb) as a Contaminant of Poorly Regulated Kratom Products in the United States. Toxics 2022;10(7):398. View abstract.
113075
Reich N, Salvo G, Leong D, Wan V, Kosatsky T. Kratom exposures managed by the British Columbia poison centre, 2012-2019: a descriptive analysis. CMAJ Open 2022;10(3):E755-E761. View abstract.
113076
Roma K, Mohammed S, Sieck B, Naik K, Wahid S. Kratom-induced acute liver injury: A case study and the importance of herbal supplement regulation. J Hepatol 2023. View abstract.
113078
Schwensohn C, Nsubuga J, Cronquist L, et al. A Multiple-Serotype Outbreak of Salmonella Infections Linked to Kratom, United States, 2017-2018. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2022;19(9):648-653. View abstract.
113079
Settle AG, Yang C. A Case of Severe Kratom Addiction Contributing to a Suicide Attempt. Cureus 2022;14(9):e29698. View abstract.
113080
Smith KE, Feldman JD, Dunn KE, et al. Examining the paradoxical effects of kratom: a narrative inquiry. Front Pharmacol 2023;14:1174139. View abstract.
113082
Suhaimi FW, Zul Aznal AN, Mohamad Nor Hazalin NA, Teh LK, Hassan Z, Salleh MZ. Kratom (M. speciosa) exposure during adolescence caused long-lasting cognitive behavioural deficits associated with perturbated brain metabolism pathways in adult rats. Behav Brain Res 2023;446:114411. View abstract.
113083
Tanna RS, Nguyen JT, Hadi DL, et al. Clinical Assessment of the Drug Interaction Potential of the Psychotropic Natural Product Kratom. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2023;113(6):1315-1325. View abstract.
113084
Thewjitcharoen Y, Krittiyawong S, Nakasatien S, Himathongkam T. Kratom-Associated Mixed Cholestatic-Hepatocellular Liver Injury in a Patient With Long COVID: A case Report. Clin Med Insights Case Rep 2022;15:11795476221132824. View abstract.
113085
Vanani NB, Stevanovic SG, Stevanovic N. Adverse Drug Interaction Between Kratom and Amitriptyline With Gastrointestinal and Mild Hepatic Effects. Cureus 2023;15(1):e33809. View abstract.
113086
Zhang P, Wei W, Zhang X, Wen C, Ovatlarnporn C, Olatunji OJ. Antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) leaf extract in type 2 diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2023;162:114689. View abstract.
113087
Zul Aznal AN, Mohamad Nor Hazalin NA, Hassan Z, et al. Adolescent kratom exposure affects cognitive behaviours and brain metabolite profiles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Front Pharmacol 2022;13:1057423. View abstract.
114574
Dasgupta A, Ye Z. Severe jaundice with life-threatening liver failure after Kratom use: Reversed by plasma exchange. Transfus Apher Sci 2024. View abstract.
114575
Krantz MJ, Rudo TJ, Haigney MCP, et al. Ventricular Arrhythmias Associated With Over-the-Counter and Recreational Opioids. J Am Coll Cardiol 2023;81(23):2258-2268. View abstract.
114576
Shi T, Shea JL. A case of fatal overdose involving both hydromorphone and kratom. J Forensic Sci 2024;69(1):355-358. View abstract.
114577
Torrico T, Patel K, Nikolov N, Salam MT, Padhy R, Weinstein D. Presence of kratom in opioid overdose deaths: findings from coroner postmortem toxicological report. Front Psychiatry 2024;14:1332999. View abstract.
114754
Jarka C, Gregoire K. Precipitated withdrawal with kratom use following naltrexone administration. Ment Health Clin 2023;13(3):155-158. View abstract.
114755
Ahmed S, Tran QV, McLean M. The Great Imitator: A Case of Accidental Kratom Overdose. Cureus 2023;15(8):e43144. View abstract.